Introduction: Oral health is integral to general health. Poor oral health has negative impact on oral health-related quality of life, thereby affecting athlete's performance and training. Aims and objectives: To determine the oral health conditions and treatment requirements amongst athletes by examining the dental records at Prince Faisal Bin Fahad Bin Abdulaziz Sports Medicine Hospital, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Materials and methods: A descriptive study based on the oral health records of athletes seeking care at Prince Faisal Bin Fahad Bin Abdulaziz Sports Medicine Hospital, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, was carried out. Data of 331 athletes who underwent oral health screening in the past 5 years (January 2014–December 2018) within the dental department of Prince Faisal Bin Fahad Bin Abdulaziz Sports Medicine Hospital, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, were obtained and analyzed for oral health conditions and treatment needs of the athletes. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square tests, Mann–Whitney, and Kruskal–Wallis tests were applied to the data to compare variables. Results: Finding revealed 235 (71%) tooth decay and 101 (31.5%) need for teeth extraction among athletes. The mean ranks of extracted teeth were higher in the age group of 30–35 years (206.72) followed by 26–30 years (166.15), 15–20 years (165.79), and 21–25 years (155.19) with significant difference (KWH = 7.928, df = 3, p = 0.048). Athletes aged 30–35 years (137.37) demonstrated significantly higher mean ranks of teeth extractions compared to 15–20 years (109.65) (MW-U = 654.500, Z = −2.817, p = 0.005). Similarly, athletes aged 30–35 years (66.54) demonstrated significantly higher mean ranks of teeth extractions compared to 21–25 years (49.89) (MW-U = 1739.500, Z = −2.343, p = 0.005). Gingival status showed significant differences across various age groups of the athletes (Chi-square = 8.375, df = 3, p = 0.039) Conclusion: Data from Prince Faisal Bin Fahad Bin Abdulaziz Sports Medicine Hospital, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, suggest that the oral health of the athletes needs improvement especially with regards to the dental caries, teeth extractions, and periodontal conditions. Hence, oral health promotional and preventive programs should be initiated to improve oral health of the athletes.