Step by Step® Reading Pentacam Topography (Basics and Clinical Applications) Mazen M Sinjab
INDEX
Page numbers followed by f refer to figure, and t refer to table.
A
Angle kappa 119, 120, 123, 143, 156, 175, 188
approximation of 12f
Anterior astigmatism 14f
Anterior chamber
angle 108
depth 108, 120, 123
range 2
parameters 140, 141f, 154f, 170, 171f
volume 108
Anterior corneal astigmatism 114, 120
Anterior corneal surface 17f, 136, 149, 150, 169, 170, 186, 187
KM of 16
Anterior mean K-reading 96t
Anterior sagittal curvature 4f
map 18f-22f, 61f
overlay of 4f
Anterior sagittal map 16, 44
Anterior tangential curvature map 78, 79f
Arcuate corneal incisions 117
Astigmatic correction 98
Astigmatic disparity 86, 100t, 126, 136t, 149t, 163t, 182t
probabilities of 102t
rules of 100
treatment rules in 103t
Astigmatic keratotomy 124, 131, 188
Astigmatic study 138
Astigmatism 87
magnitude of 124
show sign of 2
treatment of 123
types of 124
B
Belin ABCD keratoconus staging 72, 73f, 74f
Belin-Ambrosio display 35, 39f-40f, 162
of left eye 167f, 184f
of right eye 166f, 184f
Bell sign 63, 66
Best fit
sphere 23, 35, 44
Toric ellipsoid 23, 44
C
Cap thickness 91
Capture
bad quality of 101
validating quality of 7
Cataract 101, 126
bilateral 192
surgery 120, 123
decision making in 130
Central ablation depth 89, 90t, 91, 92, 127, 139, 152
Central corneal thickness 91, 92, 94, 95, 139, 152
Clear lens extraction 106, 129, 142, 144, 155, 156, 158, 172, 175
rules in 110, 118
Color map appearance 2
Complementary maps and profiles, interpretation of 28
Composite refractive map 1
Contact lenses 101
Contour effect
after intracorneal ring implantation 82f
post corneal graft 82f
Contour pattern 79
Cornea 6, 63, 68, 71
guttata 125, 147
Corneal crosslinking 72
Corneal irregularities, patterns of 79
Corneal opacities 101
Corneal pathologies 153
Corneal regularity 156
Corneal spherical aberration, normal distribution of 53f
Corneal surgeries 122
Corneal thickness
after corneal crosslinking, changes in 77f
map 44
profiles of
left eye 165f, 183f
right eye 164f, 183f
spatial profile 31, 108, 117, 119, 125
Corneal tomography 106, 107, 111, 118, 120, 124, 125, 145, 158, 178
systematic interpretation of 15
Corneal wavefront 176f, 177f, 191f
interpretation of 45
of left eye 144f, 157
of right eye 143f, 157f
Corrected distance visual acuity 102, 125, 133, 137, 146, 159, 179
Curvature color bar 3
Cyclotorsion 86, 98f
compensation 158
rules 98
D
Dry eye 6
disease 106, 120
Dysphotopsia 119
E
Ectasia 77
Ectatic corneal diseases 8, 63, 101, 106, 121, 129
tomographic characteristics of 63
Ectatic diseases 79f, 80f
Effective lens position 113
Elevation color bar 3
Elevation maps 5, 23, 44
in best fit sphere 24f, 25f
overlay of 5f
Enantiomorphism 42, 42f, 43
Endothelium 2
Epipolis laser in situ keratomileusis 86
Epithelial thickness map 21f
Equivalent K-reading 111, 113f, 122
Excess tears 6
F
Femtosecond laser in situ keratomileusis 86
thickness rules in 90
Femtosmall incision lenticule extraction, thickness calculations for 152t
Flap thickness 90
Focus lenses, extended depth of 106
Foggy vision in daylight 178
Forme fruste keratoconus 63, 69, 69f, 128
Four-composite map
of left eye 134f, 147f, 161f, 180f
of right eye 133f, 146f, 160f, 179f
Four-composite refractive map 1, 1f, 15, 17f
interpretation of 15
Fuchs’ dystrophy 125, 147
H
High axial myopia 9
High corneal astigmatism 192
Higher-order aberrations 45, 99, 106, 112f, 121
abnormal 62f, 126
rules of 99
Holladay report 12f, 110f, 113f, 122, 138, 140
of left eye 174f
of right eye 173f, 189f
Horizontal sulcus-to-sulcus 107
Horizontal white-to-white 107, 188
diameter 110f, 120, 123, 129, 140, 142, 143, 155, 156, 172
Hot spot pattern 81, 84f
Human cornea, location of 54f
Hyperprolate refractive surface 53f
I
Incision
location 123
shape 123
size 123
type 123
Inferior asymmetry 18f
Inferior superior asymmetry 136
Inter-eye asymmetry 44, 149
maps 28
scoring 137t, 150t, 170t, 187t
Intracorneal rings 81
Intraocular lens 120
implantation 106
type 123
Irregular corneal astigmatism 101
K
Keratoconus 63, 64f, 69f, 70f
Keratoglobus 63, 66, 67f
K-readings
after corneal crosslinking, changes in 76f
calculations 139t, 152, 153t
measurements 114
rules of 86, 95
L
Lamellar photoablation 86
Large angle kappa 11f, 101
Laser in situ keratomileusis 86
Laser subepithelial keratomileusis 86
thickness rules in 90
Laser vision correction, effect of 55f
Laser-based refractive surgery 45t, 97t, 145t, 158, 158t, 169
decision making in 126
subtypes of 86
tomographic rules in 86
Laser-based study 134, 146, 159
Lens-based refractive surgery 106
decision making in 129
options, tomographic rules in 106
Lens-based study 140, 153, 170
Lenticular astigmatism 101
Lenticule thickness 94, 95
Limbal relaxing incisions 124, 131, 188
M
Main color bar settings 3, 3f
Main higher-order aberrations 46t
Manifest astigmatism 12, 100, 102, 123, 128, 136, 149, 163, 182
Manifest refraction 102, 103
Maps overlay 3
Maximum K-readings 72
Mean anterior keratometry 31
Mean K on anterior corneal surface 139, 153
Mean K-reading 44
on anterior surface 96
Mean posterior keratometry 31
Mesopic pupil 110, 119
diameter 127, 129
rules 97
size 187
Mini-monovision 192
Monofocal intraocular lens implantation 110, 142, 144, 155, 156, 172, 175
Monovision 192
Multifocal lenses 106
N
Negative prolate refractive surface 52f
Normal thin cornea 64f
O
Oblique-meridian incisions 116
Observation after corneal crosslinking 76
Ocular aberrometry 107
Ocular surface disease 106, 120
Optical zone 86, 9092, 94, 95, 97, 97t, 145, 158
P
Pachy color bar 3
Pachymetry map 34, 63, 80f
Pachymetry pattern 149
Pachymetry profiles 31, 32f, 34f, 35f
flat slope pattern of 36f
inverted slope pattern of 36f
quick slop pattern of 33f
Para ectasia 63, 68, 68f-70f
Parabola shape 52f
Parametric progression 74
Pellucid marginal degeneration 63, 65f
Pellucid-like keratoconus 63, 66, 66f
Pentacam 18, 21f
Phakic intraocular lens implantation 106, 129, 140
rules in 107
tomographic parameters for 109f
Photorefractive keratectomy 86
Positive prolate refractive surface 51f
Posterior astigmatism 187
Posterior corneal
astigmatism 114, 120, 122
surface 150, 170, 187
Posterior keratoconus 63, 71, 71f
Posterior subcapsular cataract 178
Post-hyperopic
ablated cornea 80f, 81f
laser vision correction 58f
Post-laser vision correction ectasia 63, 67f
Post-myopic
ablated cornea 79f, 80f
laser vision correction 59
Power distribution display
of left eye 163f, 182f
of right eye 162f, 182f
Practical subjective intraocular lens selection 56, 58f, 59, 60f, 113
Practical subjective scoring system 43, 44t, 134, 136t, 149t, 169t, 186t
application of 45t
Premium intraocular lens implantation 142, 144, 155, 158, 172, 175
Premium lens 106
implantation 118
Presbyopia treatment 178
Previous corneal surgery 101, 120
Pupil center, inter-eye symmetric coordinates of 11f
Pupil size 120, 122
Pyramid display 48f
Q
Q-value, normal distribution of 49f
R
Refractive error magnitude 107, 126, 137, 150
range of 87t
rules of 86
Refractive lens exchange 106
Refractive surgery 118, 126, 133, 145, 159
Relative pachymetry map 37f, 38f, 78
of left eye 168f, 185f
of right eye 168f, 185f
Relative thickness map 44
S
Sagittal curvature 4
Scleral bent frown incision 116
Scleral spur diameter 107
Scoring criteria 31
Scoring system 71
Skewed radial axis index 10, 19, 21f, 22f, 44, 124, 128, 136, 149, 169, 186
Slit-lamp biomicroscopy 178
Small incision lenticule extraction 86, 87, 93f
components of 93f
thickness
calculations for 139t
rules in 91, 94t, 95t
treatment, parameters of 87t
Snell's law 114
Specular microscopy 107
Spherical aberration 50f, 54f, 55f, 96, 97, 99, 112f, 130, 136, 149, 169, 186
classification of 55f
Zernike coefficient of 123
Spherical equivalent 44, 87, 88, 96, 102, 127, 138, 138t, 139, 151, 151t, 153
calculation 96t
Spherical refractive surface 51f
S-shape 31
Standardize capture 1
Steep inner segments 19
Study both eyes 128, 130, 132, 145, 158, 178, 188
Study corneal wavefront 130, 131, 143, 156, 175, 188
Study pachymetric profiles 187
Study parameters 129, 131, 140, 153, 170, 187
Study tomography 129, 130, 140, 153, 170, 179
systematically 126
Studying tomographic risk factors 134, 146, 159
Sub-bowman keratomileusis 86
Subjective refraction 133, 133t, 145, 146t, 159, 159t, 178, 179t
Superior asymmetry 18f
Surface ablation 87
thickness rules in 89, 91t
Surface photoablation 86
Surgically-induced astigmatism 115, 129
T
Tear film disturbance 101
Temporal incisions 116
Thickness and K-readings, calculations for 151
Thickness map 23
bell and globus shapes of 30f
concentric pattern of 28f
dome and droplet shapes of 29f
overlay of 5, 6f
Thickness profiles 44
Thickness progression 32f
Thickness rules 89, 90
Thinnest corneal thickness 16, 44, 72, 136, 149, 150, 169, 170, 186, 187
Thinnest pachymetry 31
Tomographic astigmatism 12, 14f, 20, 22f, 100, 102, 128, 136, 138, 149, 163, 182
Topometric display 18f
Toric premium intraocular lens 192
Total corneal refractive power 12, 13f, 114, 115f, 116f, 128, 138, 162f, 163f, 182f
Total refraction 8992, 94, 95, 127, 138, 139, 137t, 151, 151t, 152
Transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy 86
Trifocal lenses 106
True corneal astigmatism 118, 121, 162f, 163f, 182f
display 116f
U
Uncorrected visual acuity 107
V
Validate maps 134, 146, 159, 179
Virgin non-operated cornea 60f
Vision correction 178
Visual acuity, corrected 107
W
With-the-rule astigmatism 19
Z
Zernike analysis 45, 47f, 48f, 62f, 188
of left eye 177f, 191f
of right eye 176f, 191f
Zernike coefficient 46, 111, 123
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