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Bone and Soft Tissue Tumors: A Multidisciplinary Review with Case Presentations
Therese J. Bocklage, Robert H. Quinn, Berndt P. Schmit, Claire F. Verschraegen
CHAPTER 1:
Pathology overview of musculoskeletal tumors and principles of diagnosis
RATIONALE
Problem-based learning
Evidence-based data
Team approach
The value of exploring a disease course in a single patient
PATHOLOGY TRIAGE OF BONE AND SOFT TISSUE TUMORS
Gross specimens
Gross assessment of necrosis
Value of gross photos
Tissue banking for research
Ancillary studies to confirm the diagnosis
DIAGNOSING A LESION IN SOFT TISSUE OR BONE
Rules of histology
Benign features of mesenchymal tumors
Malignant features of mesenchymal tumors
Immunohistochemistry does not supersede histology
MOLECULAR GENETICS
CAUTIONARY TALES
Benign lesions that look malignant
Malignant lesions that look benign
Malignant tumors that look like sarcomas
Manifold appearance of some bone and soft tissue tumors
Some genetic findings are not tumor specific
Cytogenetic analysis may be unsuccessful
Mesenchymal sarcomas are not always specifically diagnosable
OVERVIEW OF EPIDEMIOLOGY OF SARCOMAS
FUTURE OF MUSCULOSKELETAL PATHOLOGY
ADVICE TO MEDICAL STUDENTS AND PATHOLOGY RESIDENTS
CHAPTER 2:
Radiology overview of soft tissue and bone tumors
RADIOLOGY
FUTURE DIRECTIONS OF SARCOMA IMAGING
INFORMATION FOR MEDICAL STUDENTS AND RESIDENTS
RADIOGRAPHS
ULTRASOUND
COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY
MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING
CHAPTER 3:
Surgery of musculoskeletal tumors
SURGERY
Overview
Staging
Biopsy
Surgical margins
Best practice in surgical oncology of bone and soft tissue tumors
Future of musculoskeletal oncology surgery
Advice for medical students
Advice for residents
CHAPTER 4:
Medical and radiation oncology of musculoskeletal tumors: principles of diagnosis and treatment
MEDICAL ONCOLOGY
Introduction
Standard chemotherapy drugs
Experimental chemotherapy treatments for sarcomas
Targeted therapies
m-TOR pathway
IGF1R pathway
Antiangiogenic agents
Best practices in medical oncology of bone and soft tissue tumors
Advice for medical students and residents
RADIATION ONCOLOGY
Overview
Grade
Sequencing of radiation
Future of musculoskeletal radiation oncology
Advice for medical students
Advice for residents
CHAPTER 5:
Adipocytic tumors
OVERVIEW
CLASSIFICATION
DEMOGRAPHICS
PATHOGENESIS
PATHOLOGY
The importance of being a lipoblast
A fat tumor with lipoblasts is not always malignant! A fat tumor without lipoblasts is not always benign!
Histologic grading of adipocytic tumors
Behavior of adipocytic tumors
Special stains used to diagnose adipocytic tumors
S-100 Protein
CD34
CDK4 and MDM2
FISH for CDK4 and MDM2 gene abnormalities
p16
RADIOLOGY
Key points in the radiology ofadipocytic tumors
Imaging strategy
Nonaggressive fat tumor
Worrisome features
SURGERY
MEDICAL ONCOLOGY
Chemotherapy results in liposarcomas compared with other sarcomas
Oncology treatment according to histologic type of adipocytic tumor
New therapies
RADIATION
CASES
Case 5.1 Intramuscular lipoma
Clinical history and presentation
Surgical findings and comments
Radiology findings
Pathology findings
Gross features
Microscopic features
Pathologic differential or, why isn't it one of the following?
Oncology approach
Medical oncology
Radiation oncology
Patient outcome
Case 5.2 Pleomorphic lipoma
Clinical history and presentation
Surgical findings and comments
Radiology findings
Pathology findings
Gross features
Microscopic features
Oncology approach
Patient outcome
Case 5.3 Atypical lipomatous tumor/well differentiated liposarcoma
Clinical history and presentation
Surgical findings and comments
Radiology findings
Pathology findings
Gross features
Microscopic features
Pathologic differential or, why isn't it one of the following?
Oncology approach
Medical oncology and radiation oncology
Patient outcome
Case 5.4 Pleomorphic liposarcoma
Clinical history and presentation
Surgical findings and comments
Radiology findings
Pathology findings
Gross features
Microscopic features
Pathologic differential or, why isn't it one of the following?
Oncology approach
Medical oncology
Radiation oncology
Patient outcome
Case 5.5 Dedifferentiated liposarcoma
Clinical history and presentation
Surgical findings and comments
Radiology findings
Pathology findings
Gross features
Microscopic features
Main resection
Pathologic differential or, why isn't it one of the following?
Oncology approach
Medical oncology
Radiation oncology
Patient outcome
Case 5.6 Myxoid/round cell liposarcoma
Clinical history and presentation
Surgical findings and comments
Radiology findings
Pathology findings
Gross features
Microscopic features
Pathologic differential or, why isn't it one of the following?
Oncology approach
Medical oncology
Radiation oncology
Patient outcome
Case 5.7 Lipoblastoma
Clinical history and presentation
Surgical findings and comments
Radiology findings
Pathology findings
Gross features
Microscopic features
Oncology approach
Medical oncology
Radiation oncology
Patient outcome
Case 5.8 Angiolipoma
Clinical history and presentation
Surgical findings and comments
Radiology findings
Pathology findings
Gross features
Microscopic features
Variable features or types that can occur in these tumors (not seen in this case)
Pathologic differential or, why isn't it one of the following?
Oncology approach
Oncology and radiation oncology
CHAPTER 6:
Fibroblastic/myofibroblastic tumors of soft tissues
OVERVIEW
CLASSIFICATION
DEMOGRAPHICS
PATHOGENESIS/ETIOLOGY
PATHOLOGY
RADIOLOGY
Nodular fasciitis
Myositis ossificans
Extra-abdominal fibromatosis
Solitary fibrous tumor
Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor
Myxofibrosarcoma
Low grade fibromyxoid sarcoma
Fibromatosis colli
Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans
SURGERY
Nodular fasciitis (including ischemic fasciitis)
Myositis ossificans
Extra-abdominal fibromatosis (extra-abdominal desmoid)
Solitary fibrous tumor
Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor
Myxofibrosarcoma
Low grade fibromyxoid sarcoma
Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans
MEDICAL ONCOLOGY
Extra-abdominal fibromatosis (extra-abdominal desmoid)
Solitary fibrous tumor recurrent
Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor
Myxofibrosarcoma
Low grade fibromyxoid sarcoma
Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans
RADIATION ONCOLOGY
Nodular fasciitis (including ischemic fasciitis)
Myositis ossificans (heterotopic ossification)
Extra-abdominal fibromatosis (extra-abdominal desmoid)
Solitary fibrous tumor recurrent
Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor
Myxofibrosarcoma
Low grade fibromyxoid sarcoma
Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans
CASES
Case 6.1 Nodular fasciitis
Clinical history and presentation
Surgical findings and comments
Radiology findings
Pathology findings
Gross features
Microscopic features
Pathologic differential or, why isn't it one of the following?
Oncology approach
Medical oncology
Radiation oncology
Patient outcome
Case 6.2 Myositis ossificans (heterotopic ossification)
Clinical history and presentation
Surgical findings and comments
Radiology findings
Pathology findings
Gross features
Microscopic features
Pathologic differential or, why isn't it one of the following?
Oncology approach
Medical oncology
Radiation oncology
Patient outcome
Case 6.3 Inclusion body fibromatosis (infantile digital fibroma/fibromatosis)
Clinical history and presentation
Surgical findings and comments
Radiology findings
Pathology findings
Gross features
Microscopic features
Pathologic differential or, why isn't it one of the following?
Oncology approach
Medical oncology
Radiation oncology
Patient outcome
Case 6.4 Extra-abdominal fibromatosis (deep fibromatosis, desmoid)
Clinical history and presentation
Surgical findings and comments
Radiology findings
Pathology findings
Gross features
Microscopic features
Pathologic differential or, why isn't it one of the following?
Oncology approach
Medical oncology
Radiation oncology
Patient outcome
Case 6.5 Solitary fibrous tumor/hemangiopericytoma
Clinical history and presentation
Surgical findings and comments
Radiology findings
Pathology findings
Gross features
Microscopic features
Pathologic differential or, why isn't it one of the following?
Oncology approach
Medical oncology
Radiation oncology
Patient outcome
Case 6.6 Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor
Clinical history and presentation
Surgical findings and comments
Radiology findings
Pathology findings
Gross features
Microscopic features
Pathologic differential or, why isn't it one of the following?
Oncology approach
Medical oncology
Radiation oncology
Patient outcome
Case 6.7 Myxofibrosarcoma
Clinical history and presentation
Surgical findings and comments
Radiology findings
Pathology findings
Gross features
Microscopic features
Pathologic differential or, why isn't it one of the following?
Differential diagnosis of LGMS
Differential diagnosis of rare epithelioid variant of myxofibrosarcoma
Oncology approach
Medical oncology
Radiation oncology
Patient outcome
Case 6.8 Low grade fibromyxoid sarcoma
Clinical history and presentation
Surgical findings and comments
Radiology findings
Pathology findings gross features
Microscopic features
Pathologic differential or, why isn't it one of the following?
Oncology approach
Medical oncology
Radiation oncology
Patient outcome
Case 6.9 Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans with areas of fibrosarcoma
Clinical history and presentation
Surgical findings and comments
Radiology findings
Pathology findings
Gross features
Microscopic features
Pathologic differential or, why isn't it one of the following?
Oncology approach
Medical oncology
Radiation oncology
Patient outcome
CHAPTER 7:
So–called fibrohistiocytic tumors and undifferentiated/unclassified sarcomas of soft tissue
OVERVIEW
CLASSIFICATION
DEMOGRAPHICS
PATHOGENESIS
PATHOLOGY
Tenosynovial giant cell tumors
Plexiform fibrohistiocytic tumor
Deep benign fibrous histiocytoma
Giant cell tumor of soft tissue (low malignant potential)
Undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcomas
RADIOLOGY
SURGERY
Giant cell tumor of tendon sheath
Diffuse-type giant cell tumor (pigmented villonodular synovitis)
Deep benign fibrous histiocytoma
Plexiform fibrohistiocytic tumor
Giant cell tumor of soft tissue (with dedifferentiation)
Undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (three variants)
MEDICAL ONCOLOGY
Giant cell tumor of soft tissue with dedifferentiation
Undifferentiated high-grade pleomorphic sarcoma
Adjuvant chemotherapy
Single agent
Combination chemotherapy
Second line treatments
RADIATION ONCOLOGY
CASES
Case 7.1 Giant cell tumor of tendon sheath
Clinical history and presentation
Surgical findings and comments
Radiology findings
Pathology findings
Gross features
Microscopic features
Pathologic differential or, why isn't it one of the following?
Oncology approach
Medical oncology
Radiation oncology
Patient outcome
Case 7.2 PVNS (tenosynovial giant cell tumor, diffuse type)
Clinical history and presentation
Surgical findings and comments
Radiology findings
Pathology findings
Gross features
Microscopic features
Pathologic differential or, why isn't it one of the following?
Oncology approach
Medical oncology
Radiation oncology
Patient outcome
Case 7.3 Deep benign fibrous histiocytoma
Clinical history and presentation
Surgical findings and comments
Radiology findings
Pathology findings
Gross features
Microscopic features
Pathologic differential or, why isn't it one of the following?
Oncology approach
Medical oncology
Radiation oncology
Patient outcome
Case 7.4 Plexiform fibrohistiocytic tumor
Clinical history and presentation
Surgical findings and comments
Radiology findings
Pathology findings
Gross features
Microscopic features
Pathologic differential or, why isn't it one of the following?
Oncology approach
Medical oncology
Radiation oncology
Patient outcome
Case 7.5 Giant cell tumor of soft tissue with transformation to high grade sarcoma
Clinical history and presentation
Surgical findings and comments
Radiology findings
Pathology findings
Gross features
Microscopic features
Pathologic differential or, why isn't it one of the following?
Oncology approach
Medical oncology
Radiation oncology
Patient outcome
Case 7.6 Undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (a morphologic pattern of undifferentiated/unclassified sarcoma)
Clinical history and presentation
Surgical findings and comments
Radiology findings
Pathology findings
Gross features
Microscopic features
Pathologic differential or, why isn't it one of the following?
Oncology approach
Medical oncology
Radiation oncology
Patient outcome
CHAPTER 8:
Muscle tumors of soft tissue
OVERVIEW
CLASSIFICATION
DEMOGRAPHICS
PATHOGENESIS/ETIOLOGY
Smooth muscle tumors
Skeletal muscle tumors
PATHOLOGY
Histologic grading
Smooth muscle tumors
Skeletal muscle tumors
Behavior
Additional laboratory testing
Immunohistochemistry
Routine cytogenetics
Molecular genetics
RADIOLOGY
SURGERY OF MUSCLETUMORS OF SOFT TISSUES
Leiomyoma
Leiomyosarcoma
Rhabdomyosarcoma
MEDICAL ONCOLOGY
Leiomyoma of soft tissue and rhabdomyoma
Leiomyosarcoma
Chemotherapy generalities
Treatment according to histologic type
Rhabdomyosarcoma
RADIATION ONCOLOGY
CASES
Case 8.1 Angioleiomyoma (vascular leiomyoma, angiomyoma)
Clinical history and presentation
Surgical findings and comments
Radiology findings
Pathology findings
Gross features
Microscopic features
Pathologic differential or, why isn't it one of the following?
Oncology approach
Medical oncology
Radiation oncology
Patient outcome
Case 8.2 Leiomyosarcoma
Clinical history and presentation
Surgical findings and comments
Radiology findings
Pathology findings
Gross features
Microscopic features
Pathologic differential or, why isn't it one of the following?
Oncology approach
Medical oncology
Radiation oncology
Patient outcome
Case 8.3 Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma
Clinical history and presentation
Surgical findings and comments
Radiology findings
Pathology findings
Gross features
Microscopic features
Pathologic differential or, why isn't it one of the following?
Oncology approach
Medical oncology
Radiation oncology
Patient outcome
Case 8.4 Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma
Clinical history and presentation
Surgical findings and comments
Radiology findings
Pathology findings
Gross features
Microscopic features
Pathologic differential or, why isn't it one of the following?
Oncology approach
Medical oncology
Radiation oncology
Patient outcome
Case 8.5 Adult spindle cell/sclerosing rhabdomyosarcoma
Clinical history and presentation
Surgical findings and comments
Radiology findings
Pathology findings
Gross features
Microscopic features
Pathologic differential or, why isn't it one of the following?
Oncology approach
Medical oncology
Radiation oncology
Patient outcome
CHAPTER 9:
Pericytic/perivascular tumors
OVERVIEW
CLASSIFICATION
DEMOGRAPHICS
Glomus tumors
Myopericytoma
Angioleiomyoma
PATHOGENESIS/ETIOLOGY
PATHOLOGY
Histologic grading
Glomus tumors
Myopericytoma
Angioleiomyoma
Behavior
Additional laboratory testing
IHC
Routine cytogenetics
Molecular genetics
RADIOLOGY OF PERICYTIC/PERIVASCULAR TUMORS
SURGERY OF PERICYTIC/PERIVASCULAR TUMORS
Glomus tumor benign variants
Glomus tumor of uncertain malignant potential
Glomangiosarcoma (Malignant glomus tumor)
Myopericytoma
Angioleiomyoma
MEDICAL ONCOLOGY OF PERICYTIC/PERIVASCULAR TUMORS
Glomus tumors
Myopericytoma
Medical oncology of glomangiosarcoma and maligannt myopericytoma
RADIATION ONCOLOGY OF PERICYTIC/PERIVASCULAR TUMORS
CASES
Case 9.1 Glomus tumor
Clinical history and presentation
Radiology findings
Surgical findings and comments
Pathology findings
Gross features
Microscopic features
Pathologic differential or, why isn't it one of the following?
Oncology approach
Medical oncology and radiation oncology
Patient outcome
Case 9.2 Glomus tumor of uncertain malignant potential
Clinical history and presentation
Surgical findings and comments
Radiology findings
Pathology findings
Gross features
Microscopic features
Pathologic differential or, why isn't it one of the following?
Oncology approach
Medical oncology
Radiation oncology
Patient outcome
Case 9.3 Malignant myopericytoma
Clinical history and presentation
Surgical findings and comments
Radiology findings
Pathology findings
Gross features
Microscopic features
Pathologic differential or, why isn't it one of the following?
Oncology approach
Medical oncology
Radiation oncology
Patient outcome
CHAPTER 10:
Vascular tumors of soft tissues
OVERVIEW
CLASSIFICATION
DEMOGRAPHICS
PATHOGENESIS/ETIOLOGY
Hemangiomas
Hemangioendotheliomas
Kaposi sarcoma
Angiosarcoma
PATHOLOGY
Histologic grading
Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma and other hemangioendotheliomas
Kaposi sarcoma
Angiosarcoma
Behavior
Hemangiomas
Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma and other hemangioendotheliomas
Kaposi sarcoma
Angiosarcoma
Additional laboratory testing
Immunohistochemistry
Routine cytogenetics
Molecular genetics
Radiology of vascular tumors of soft tissues
SURGERY
Intramuscular hemangioma
Soft tissue angiomatosis
Lymphangioma
Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma
Angiosarcoma
MEDICAL ONCOLOGY
Infantile hemangioma
Lymphangioma
Kaposi sarcoma
Presentation
Treatment
Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma
Angiosarcoma
Biology
Presentation
Treatment
RADIATION ONCOLOGY
CASES
Case 10.1 Intramuscular hemangioma
Clinical history and presentation
Surgical findings and comments
Radiology findings
Pathology findings
Gross features
Microscopic features
Pathologic differential or, why isn't it one of the following?
Oncology approach
Medical oncology
Radiation oncology
Patient outcome
Case 10.2 Soft tissue angiomatosis
Clinical history and presentation
Surgical findings and comments
Radiology findings
Pathology findings
Gross features
Microscopic features
Pathologic differential or, why isn't it one of the following?
Oncology approach
Medical oncology
Radiation oncology
Patient outcome
Case 10.3 lymphangioma
Clinical history and presentation
Surgical findings and comments
Radiology findings
Pathology findings
Gross features
Microscopic features
Pathologic differential or, why isn't it one of the following?
Oncology approach
Medical oncology
Radiation oncology
Patient outcome
Case 10.4 Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma
Clinical history and presentation
Surgical findings and comments
Radiology findings
Pathology findings
Gross features
Microscopic features
Pathologic differential or, why isn't it one of the following?
Oncology approach
Medical oncology
Radiation oncology
Patient outcome
Case 10.5 Angiosarcoma, epithelioid subtype
Clinical history and presentation
Surgical findings and comments
Radiology findings
Pathology findings
Gross features
Microscopic features
Pathologic differential or, why isn't it one of the following?
Oncology approach
Medical oncology
Radiation oncology
patient house
CHAPTER 11:
Chondro-osseous tumors of soft tissues
OVERVIEW
CLASSIFICATION
DEMOGRAPHICS
PATHOGENESIS/ETIOLOGY
PATHOLOGY
Histologic grading
Soft tissue chondroma
Extraskeletal osteosarcoma
Behavior
Soft tissue chondroma
Extraskeletal osteosarcoma
Additional laboratory testing
Immunohistochemistry
Routine cytogenetics
Molecular genetics
RADIOLOGY
Soft tissue chondroma
Extraskeletal osteosarcoma
SURGERY
Soft tissue chondroma
Extraskeletal osteosarcoma
MEDICAL ONCOLOGY
Soft tissue chondroma
Extraskeletal osteosarcoma
RADIATION ONCOLOGY
Soft tissue chondroma
Extraskeletal osteosarcoma
CASES
Case 11.1 Soft tissue chondroma
Clinical history and presentation
Surgical findings and comments
Radiology findings
Pathology findings
Gross features
Microscopic features
Pathologic differential or, why isn't it one of the following?
Oncology approach
Medical oncology
Radiation oncology
Patient outcome
Case 11.2 Extraskeletal osteosarcoma
Clinical history and presentation
Surgical findings and comments
Radiology findings
Pathology findings
Gross features
Microscopic features
Pathologic differential or, why isn't it one of the following?
Oncology approach
Medical oncology
Radiation oncology
Patient outcome
CHAPTER 12:
Myoepithelial tumors of soft tissue (myoepithelioma, mixed tumor, ‘parachordoma’ and myoepithelial carcinoma)
OVERVIEW
CLASSIFICATION
DEMOGRAPHICS
PATHOGENESIS
PATHOLOGY
Histologic grading of myoepithelial tumors of soft tissue
Behavior of myoepithelial tumors of soft tissue
Special stains or tests used to diagnose myoepithelial tumors of soft tissue
Immunohistochemistry
Genetic testing
RADIOLOGY
SURGERY
Benign mixed tumor
Myoepithelial carcinoma
MEDICAL ONCOLOGY
RADIATION ONCOLOGY
CASES
Case 12.1 Myoepithelioma of soft tissue
Clinical history and presentation
Surgical findings and comments
Radiology findings
Pathology findings
Gross features
Microscopic features
Pathologic differential or, why isn't it one of the following?
Oncology approach
Medical oncology
Radiation oncology
Patient outcome
CHAPTER 13:
Neural and perineural tumors of soft tissues
OVERVIEW
CLASSIFICATION
DEMOGRAPHICS
PATHOGENESIS/ETIOLOGY
PATHOLOGY
Histologic grading
Benign neural and perineural tumors
Malignant neural and perineural tumors
Behavior
Benign neural and perineural tumors
Malignant neural and perineural tumors
Additional laboratory testing
Immunohistochemistry
Routine cytogenetics
Molecular genetics
RADIOLOGY
SURGERY
Schwannoma
Granular cell tumor
Plexiform neurofibroma
PERINEURIOMA
Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor
MEDICAL ONCOLOGY OF NEURAL AND PERINEURAL TUMORS OF SOFT TISSUES
Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor
Neurofibromatosis type I
Neurofibromatosis type II
Schwannomatosis
Neurofibromatosis type I pathogenesis and potential therapies
RADIATION ONCOLOGY
Schwannoma
Granular cell tumor
Plexiform neurofibroma
Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNST)
Perineurioma
CASES
Case 13.1 Schwannoma
Clinical history and presentation
Surgical findings and comments
Radiology findings
Pathology findings
Gross features
Microscopic features
Pathologic differential or, why isn't it one of the following?
Oncology approach
Medical oncology
Radiation oncology
Patient outcome
Case 13.2 Epithelioid schwannoma
Clinical history and presentation
Surgical findings and comments
Radiology findings
Pathology findings
Gross features
Microscopic features
Pathologic differential or, why isn't it one of the following?
Oncology approach
Medical oncology
Radiation oncology
Patient outcome
Case 13.3 Diffuse neurofibroma
Clinical history and presentation
Surgical findings and comments
Radiology findings
Pathology findings
Gross features
Microscopic features
Pathologic differential or, why isn't it one of the following?
Oncology approach
Medical oncology
Radiation oncology
Patient outcome
Case 13.4 Plexiform neurofibroma
Clinical history and presentation
Surgical findings and comments
Radiology findings
Pathology findings
Gross features
Microscopic features
Pathologic differential or, why isn't it one of the following?
Oncology approach
Medical oncology
Radiation oncology
Patient outcome
Case 13.5 Perineurioma, sclerosing variant
Clinical history and presentation
Surgical findings and comments
Radiology findings
Pathology findings
Gross features
Microscopic features
Pathologic differential or, why isn't it one of the following?
Oncology approach
Medical oncology
Radiation oncology
Patient outcome
Case 13.6 Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor
Clinical history and presentation
Surgical findings and comments
Radiology findings
Pathology findings
Gross features
Microscopic features
Pathologic differential or, why isn't it one of the following?
Oncology approach
Medical oncology
Radiation oncology
Patient outcome
Case 13.7 Epithelioid malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor
Clinical history and presentation
Surgical findings and comments
Radiology findings
Pathology findings
Gross features
Microscopic features
Pathologic differential or, why isn't it one of the following?
Oncology approach
Medical oncology
Radiation oncology
Patient outcome
CHAPTER 14:
Miscellaneous soft tissue tumors of uncertain differentiation
OVERVIEW
CLASSIFICATION
DEMOGRAPHICS
PATHOGENESIS
PATHOLOGY
RADIOLOGY
Intramuscular myxoma
Pleomorphic hyalinizing angiectatic tumor and hemosiderotic fibrolipomatous tumor
Angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma
Ossifying fibromyxoid tumor
Synovial sarcoma
Epithelioid sarcoma
Alveolar soft part sarcoma
Clear cell sarcoma
Extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma
Desmoplastic small round cell tumor
Perivascular epithelioid cell tumor
Giant cell tumor of soft tissue
Extrarenal rhabdoid tumor
SURGERY
Intramuscular myxoma
Pleomorphic hyalinizing angiectatic tumor and hemosiderotic fibrolipomatous tumor
Angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma
Ossifying fibromyxoid tumor
Synovial sarcoma
Epithelioid sarcoma
Alveolar soft part sarcoma
Clear cell sarcoma of soft tissue
Extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma
MEDICAL ONCOLOGY
Intramuscular myxoma
Pleomorphic hyalinizing angiectatic tumor and hemosiderotic fibrolipomatous tumor
Angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma
Ossifying fibromyxoid tumor
Synovial sarcoma
Epithelioid sarcoma
Alveolar soft part sarcoma
Antiangiogenesis
Other signaling pathway targets
Clear cell sarcoma of soft tissue
Treatment of metastatic disease
Desmoplastic small round cell tumor
Treatment
Extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma
Extrarenal rhabdoid tumor
Perivascular epithelioid cell tumor
Giant cell tumor of soft tissue
RADIATION ONCOLOGY
CASES
Case 14.1 Intramuscular myxoma
Clinical history and presentation
Surgical findings and comments
Radiology findings
Pathology findings
Gross features
Microscopic features
Pathologic differential or, why isn't it one of the following?
Oncology approach
Medical oncology
Radiation oncology
Patient outcome
Case 14.2 Pleomorphic hyalinizing angiectatic tumor
Clinical history and presentation
Surgical findings and comments
Radiology findings
Pathology findings
Gross features
Microscopic features
Pathologic differential or, why isn't it one of the following?
Oncology approach
Medical oncology
Radiation oncology
Patient outcome
Case 14.3 Angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma
Clinical history and presentation
Surgical findings and comments
Radiology findings
Pathology findings
Gross features
Microscopic features
Pathologic differential or, why isn't it one of the following?
Oncology approach
Medical oncology
Radiation oncology
Patient outcome
Case 14.4 Ossifying fibromyxoid tumor
Clinical history and presentation
Surgical findings and comments
Radiology findings
Pathology findings
Gross features
Microscopic features
Pathologic differential or, why isn't it one of the following?
Oncology approach
Medical oncology
Radiation oncology
Patient outcome
Case 14.5 Synovial sarcoma
Clinical history and presentation
Surgical findings and comments
Radiology findings
Pathology findings
Gross features
Microscopic features
Pathologic differential or, why isn't it one of the following?
Oncology approach
Medical oncology
Radiation oncology
Patient outcome
Case 14.6 Epithelioid sarcoma, proximal type
Clinical history and presentation
Surgical findings and comments
Radiology findings
Pathology findings
Gross features
Microscopic features
Pathologic differential or, why isn't it one of the following?
Oncology approach
Medical oncology
Radiation oncology
Patient outcome
Case 14.7 Alveolar soft part sarcoma
Clinical history and presentation
Surgical findings and comments
Radiology findings
Pathology findings
Gross features
Microscopic features
Pathologic differential or, why isn't it one of the following?
Oncology approach
Medical oncology
Radiation oncology
Patient outcome
Case 14.8 Clear cell sarcoma of soft tissue
Clinical history and presentation
Surgical findings and comments
Radiology findings
Pathology findings
Gross features
Microscopic features
Pathologic differential or, why isn't it one of the following?
Oncology approach
Medical oncology
Radiation oncology
Patient outcome
Case 14.9 Extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma
Clinical history and presentation
Surgical findings and comments
Radiology findings
Pathology findings
Gross features
Microscopic features
Pathologic differential or, why isn't it one of the following?
Oncology approach
Medical oncology
Radiation oncology
Patient outcome
CHAPTER 15:
Metastatic tumors of soft tissue and bone
OVERVIEW
TUMORS
Bone metastases
Soft tissue metastases
DEMOGRAPHICS
Bone metastases
Soft tissue metastases
PATHOGENESIS
PATHOLOGY
Metastases to bone
Metastases to soft tissue
Radiology
SURGERY OF METASTATIC TUMORS
Tumors metastatic to bone
Melanoma
Carcinoma
Lymphoma
MEDICAL ONCOLOGY
Bone metastases
Soft tissue metastases
Medical oncology
RADIATION ONCOLOGY
CASES
Case 15.1 Metastatic renal cell carcinoma to bone and soft tissue: unclassified renal cell carcinoma with papillary architecture
Clinical history and presentation
Surgical findings and comments
Radiology findings
Pathology findings
Gross features
Microscopic features
Pathologic differential or, why isn't it one of the following?
Oncology approach
Medical oncology
Radiation oncology
Patient outcome
Case 15.2 Metastatic melanoma to soft tissue
Clinical history and presentation
Surgical findings and comments
Radiology findings
Pathology findings
Gross features
Microscopic features
Pathologic differential or, why isn't it one of the following?
Oncology approach
Medical oncology
Radiation oncology
Patient outcome
Case 15.3 Lymphoma presenting as a solitary mass in soft tissue type: diffuse large b-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified
Clinical history and presentation
Surgical findings and comments
Radiology findings
Pathology findings
Gross features
Microscopic features
Pathologic differential or, why isn't it one of the following?
Oncology approach
Medical oncology
Radiation oncology
Patient outcome
Case 15.4 Metastatic ewing sarcoma to epidural region
Clinical history and presentation
Surgical findings and comments
Course of disease
Surgical findings and comments
Radiology findings
Pathology findings
Gross features
Microscopic features
Pathologic differential or, why isn't it one of the following?
Oncology approach
Medical oncology
Radiation oncology
Patient outcome
Case 15.5 Breast carcinoma metastatic to bone
Clinical history and presentation
Surgical findings and comments
Radiology findings
Pathology findings
Gross features
Microscopic features
Pathologic differential or, why isn't it one of the following?
Oncology approach
Medical oncology
Radiation oncology
Patient outcome
CHAPTER 16:
Cartilaginous tumors of bones and joints
OVERVIEW
CLASSIFICATION
DEMOGRAPHICS
PATHOGENESIS
PATHOLOGY
Histologic grading of cartilaginous tumors
Behavior of cartilaginous tumors
Special stains or tests used to diagnosis cartilaginous tumors of bone
Immunohistochemistry
RADIOLOGY
Enchondroma
Chondrosarcoma
Osteochondroma
Osteochondromyxoma
Bizarre parosteal osteochondromatous proliferation
Subungual exostosis
Synovial osteochondromatosis
Chondroblastoma
Chondromyxoid fibroma
TREATMENT
Osteochondroma
Osteochondromyxoma
Subungual exostosis
Bizarre parosteal osteochondromatous proliferation
Chondroma (cortical chondroma, periosteal chondroma, juxtacortical chondroma)
Enchondroma
Low grade chondrosarcoma
Intermediate and high grade chondrosarcoma
Dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma
Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma
Chondroblastoma
Chondromyxoid fibroma
Synovial chondromatosis
MEDICAL ONCOLOGY
Intermediate and high grade chondrosarcoma
Dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma
Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma
RADIATION ONCOLOGY
CASES
Case 16.1 Osteochondroma
Clinical history and presentation
Surgical findings and comments
Radiology findings
Pathology findings
Gross features
Microscopic features
Pathologic differential or, why isn't it one of the following?
Oncology approach
Patient outcome
Case 16.2 Enchondroma
Clinical history and presentation
Surgical findings and comments
Radiology findings
Pathology findings
Gross features
Microscopic features
Pathologic differential or, why isn't it one of the following?
Oncology approach
Patient outcome
Case 16.3 Synovial chondromatosis
Clinical history and presentation
Surgical findings and comments
Radiology findings
Pathology findings
Gross features
Microscopic features
Pathologic differential or, why isn't it one of the following?
Oncology approach
Patient outcome
Case 16.4 Low grade chondrosarcoma
Clinical history and presentation
Surgical findings and comments
Radiology findings
Pathology findings
Gross features
Microscopic features
Pathologic differential or, why isn't it one of the following?
Oncology approach
Radiation oncology
Patient outcome
Case 16.5 Chondroblastoma
Clinical history and presentation
Surgical findings and comments
Radiology findings
Pathology findings
Gross features
Microscopic features
Pathologic differential or, why isn't it one of the following?
Oncology approach
Patient outcome
Case 16.6 Chondroblastoma
Clinical history and presentation
Surgical findings and comments
Radiology findings
Pathology findings
Gross features
Microscopic features
Pathologic differential or, why isn't it one of the following?
Oncology approach
Patient outcome
Case 16.7 Chondrosarcoma (high grade)
Clinical history and presentation
Surgical findings and comments
Radiology findings
Pathology findings
Gross features
Microscopic features
Remaining specimens from this patient
Pathologic differential or, why isn't it one of the following?
Oncology approach
Medical oncology
Radiation oncology
Patient outcome
Case 16.8 Dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma
Clinical history and presentation
Surgical findings and comments
Radiology findings
Pathology findings
Gross features
Microscopic features
Pathologic differential or, why isn't it one of the following?
Oncology approach
Medical oncology
Radiation oncology
Patient outcome
Case 16.9 Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma
Clinical history and presentation
Surgical findings and comments
Radiology findings
Pathology findings
Gross features
Microscopic features
Pathologic differential or, why isn't it one of the following?
Oncology approach
Medical oncology
Radiation oncology
Patient outcome
CHAPTER 17:
Osteogenic tumors of bone
OVERVIEW
CLASSIFICATION
DEMOGRAPHICS
Osteoma
Osteoid osteoma
Osteoblastoma
Osteosarcoma
Pathogenesis/etiology
Osteoma
Osteoid osteoma
Osteoblastoma
Osteosarcoma
PATHOLOGY
Histologic grading
Osteoma
Osteoid osteoma
Osteoblastoma
Osteosarcoma
Behavior
Osteoma
Osteoid osteoma
Osteoblastoma
Osteosarcoma
Additional laboratory testing
Immunohistochemistry
Routine cytogenetics
Molecular genetics
RADIOlOGY
Introduction
Osteoid osteoma
Osteoblastoma
Osteosarcoma
Introduction
Conventional osteosarcoma
Telangiectatic osteosarcoma
Parosteal osteosarcoma
Periosteal osteosarcoma
High grade surface osteosarcoma
Secondary osteosarcoma
Small cell osteosarcoma
Low grade central OS
SURGERY
Osteoid osteoma
Osteoblastoma
Osteosarcoma
Osteosarcoma (conventional high grade medullary type)
Surface osteosarcoma (parosteal and periosteal osteosarcoma)
MEDICAL ONCOlOGY
Osteoid osteoma
Osteoblastoma
Osteosarcoma
Osteosarcoma of the extremities
Osteosarcoma of other bones
New therapies for osteosarcoma
Osteosarcoma variants
RADIATION ONCOlOGY
Osteoid osteoma and osteoblastoma
Osteosarcoma
CASES
Case 17.1 Osteoid osteoma
Clinical history and presentation
Surgical findings and comments
Radiology findings
Pathology findings
Gross features
Microscopic features
Pathologic differential or, why isn't it one of the following?
Oncology approach
Medical oncology
Radiation oncology
Patient outcome
Case 17.2 Osteoblastoma
Clinical history and presentation
Surgical findings and comments
Radiology findings
Pathology findings
Gross features
Microscopic features
Pathologic differential or, why isn't it one of the following?
Oncology approach
Medical oncology
Radiation oncology
Patient outcome
Case 17.3 Conventional osteosarcoma
Clinical history and presentation
Surgical findings and comments
Radiology findings
Pathology findings
Gross features
Microscopic features
Pathologic differential or, why isn't it one of the following?
Oncology approach
Medical oncology
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy
Adjuvant chemotherapy
Radiation oncology
Patient outcome
Case 17.4 Telangiectatic osteosarcoma
Clinical history and presentation
Surgical findings and comments
Radiology findings
Pathology findings
Gross features
Microscopic features
Soft tissue metastasis
Pathologic differential or, why isn't it one of the following?
Oncology approach
Medical oncology
Radiation oncology
Patient outcome
Case 17.5 Periosteal osteosarcoma
Clinical history and presentation
Surgical findings and comments
Radiology findings
Pathology findings
Gross features
Microscopic features
Pathologic differential or, why isn't it one of the following?
Oncology approach
Medical oncology
Radiation oncology
Patient outcome
CHAPTER 18:
Fibrogenic tumors of bone
OVERVIEW
CLASSIFICATION
DEMOGRAPHICS
Desmoplastic fibroma
Fibrosarcoma of bone
PATHOGENESIS/ETIOLOGY
Desmoplastic fibroma
FIBROSARCOMA OF BONE
PATHOLOGY
Histologic grading
Desmoplastic fibroma
Fibrosarcoma of bone
Behavior
Desmoplastic fibroma
Fibrosarcoma of bone
Additional laboratory testing
RADIOLOGY
Desmoplastic fibroma
Fibrosarcoma of bone
SURGERY
Desmoplastic fibroma
Fibrosarcoma of bone
MEDICAL ONCOLOGY
Desmoplastic fibroma
Fibrosarcoma of bone
RADIATION ONCOLOGY
CHAPTER 19:
‘Fibrohistiocytic’ tumors of bone
OVERVIEW
CLASSIFICATION
DEMOGRAPHICS
Non-ossifying fibroma
Benign fibrous histiocytoma
Undifferentiated high grade pleomorphic sarcoma of bone
PATHOGENESIS
Non-ossifying fibroma
Benign fibrous histiocytoma
Undifferentiated high-grade pleomorphic sarcoma of bone
PATHOLOGY
Histologic grading
Non-ossifying fibroma
Benign fibrous histiocytoma of bone
Undifferentiated high-grade pleomorphic sarcoma of bone
Lesion behavior
Non-ossifying fibroma (fibrous cortical defect, metaphyseal fibrous defect):
Benign fibrous histiocytoma
Undifferentiatd high-grade pleomorphic sarcoma of bone
RADIOLOGY
SURGERY
Non-ossifying fibroma
Undifferentiated high-grade pleomorphic sarcoma of bone
MEDICAL ONCOLOGY
RADIATION ONCOLOGY
CASES
Case 19.1 Non-ossifying fibroma
Clinical history and presentation
Surgical findings and comments
Radiology findings
Pathology findings
Gross features
Microscopic features
Pathologic differential or, why isn't it one of the following?
Oncology approach
Medical oncology
Radiation oncology
Patient outcome
Case 19.2 Undifferentiated high grade pleomorphic sarcoma, radiation-induced (malignant fibrous histiocytoma of bone, radiation induced)
Clinical history and presentation
Surgical findings and comments
Malignant fibrous histiocytoma of bone
Radiology findings
Pathology findings
Gross features
Microscopic features
Pathologic differential or, why isn't it one of the following?
Oncology approach
Medical oncology
Radiation oncology
Patient outcome
CHAPTER 20:
Ewing sarcoma family of tumors of bone
OVERVIEW
CLASSIFICATION
DEMOGRAPHICS
PATHOGENESIS
Ewing sarcoma
PATHOLOGY
BEHAVIOR
RADIOLOGY
SURGERY
MEDICAL ONCOLOGY
Ewing sarcoma genetics
Chemotherapy for localized disease
Metastatic disease
Future therapies
RADIATION ONCOLOGY
CASES
Case 20.1 Ewing sarcoma
Clinical history and presentation
Surgical findings and comments
Radiology findings
Pathology findings
Gross features
Microscopic features
Pathologic differential or, why isn't it one of the following?
Oncology approach
Medical oncology
Radiation oncology
Patient outcome
CHAPTER 21:
Hematopoietic tumors of bone
OVERVIEW
CLASSIFICATION
DEMOGRAPHICS
Plasma cell myeloma (PCM)
Lymphoma of bone
SEER data for plasma cell myeloma and lymphoma of bone
PATHOGENESIS/ETIOLOGY
Plasma cell myeloma
Lymphoma of bone
PATHOLOGY
Histologic grading
Plasma cell myeloma
Lymphoma of bone
Behavior
Plasma cell myeloma
Lymphoma of bone
Additional laboratory testing
Immunohistochemistry
Routine cytogenetics and molecular genetics
RADIOLOGY
Plasma cell myeloma
Lymphoma of bone
SURGERY
Plasma cell myeloma
Lymphoma of bone
MEDICAL ONCOLOGY
Plasma cell myeloma
Multiple myeloma
Lymphoma of bone
RADIATION ONCOLOGY
CASES
Case 21.1 Plasma cell myeloma
Clinical history and presentation
Surgical findings and comments
Radiology findings
Pathology findings
Gross features
Microscopic features
Pathologic differential or, why isn't it one of the following?
Oncology approach
Medical oncology
Radiation oncology
Patient outcome
Case 21.2 Diffuse large B cell lymphoma presenting as lymphoma of bone
Clinical history and presentation
Surgical findings and comments
Radiology findings
Pathology findings
Gross features
Microscopic features
Pathologic differential or, why isn't it one of the following?
Oncology approach
Medical oncology
Radiation oncology
Patient outcome
CHAPTER 22:
Osteoclastic giant cell rich tumors of bone
OVERVIEW
CLASSIFICATION
DEMOGRAPHICS
PATHOGENESIS
PATHOLOGY
RADIOLOGY
SURGERY
MEDICAL ONCOLOGY
RADIATION ONCOLOGY
CASES
Case 22.1 Giant cell tumor of bone
Clinical history and presentation
Surgical findings and comments
Radiology findings
Pathology findings
Gross features
Microscopic features
Pathologic differential or, why isn't it one of the following?
Oncology approach
Medical oncology
Radiation oncology
Patient outcome
CHAPTER 23:
Notochordal lesions of bone
OVERVIEW
CLASSIFICATION
DEMOGRAPHICS
PATHOGENESIS/ETIOLOGY
PATHOLOGY
Histologic grading
Behavior
Additional laboratory testing
Immunohistochemistry
Routine cytogenetics
Molecular genetics
RADIOLOGY
SURGERY
MEDICAL ONCOLOGY
RADIATION ONCOLOGY
CASES
Case 23.1 Benign notochordal cell tumor
Clinical history and presentation
Surgical findings and comments
Radiology findings
Pathology findings
Gross features
Microscopic features
Pathologic differential or, why isn't it one of the following?
Oncology approach
Medical oncology
Radiation oncology
Patient outcome
Case 23.2 Chordoma
Clinical history and presentation
Surgical findings and comments
Radiology findings
Pathology findings
Gross features
Microscopic features
Pathologic differential or, why isn't it one of the following?
Oncology approach
Medical oncology
Radiation oncology
Patient outcome
CHAPTER 24:
Vascular tumors of bone
OVERVIEW
CLASSIFICATION
DEMOGRAPHICS
Benign vascular lesions of bone
Malignant vascular tumors of bone
PATHOGENESIS/ETIOLOGY
Benign vascular lesions of bone
Malignant vascular lesions of bone
PATHOLOGY
Histologic grading
Benign vascular lesions of bone
Malignant vascular lesions of bone
Behavior
Benign vascular lesions of bone
Malignant vascular lesions of bone
Additional laboratory testing
RADIOLOGY
SURGERY
Hemangioma
Angiosarcoma
MEDICAL ONCOLOGY
Hemangioma
Angiosarcoma
RADIATION ONCOLOGY
CASES
Case 24.1 Cavernous hemangioma of bone
Clinical history and presentation
Surgical findings and comments
Radiology findings
Pathology findings
Gross features
Microscopic features
Pathologic differential or, why isn't it one of the following?
Oncology approach
Medical oncology
Radiation oncology
Patient outcome
Case 24.2 Angiosarcoma of bone
Clinical history and presentation
Surgical findings and comments
Radiology findings
Pathology findings
Gross features
Microscopic features
Pathologic differential or, why isn't it one of the following?
Oncology approach
Medical oncology
Radiation oncology
Patient outcome
CHAPTER 25:
Uncommon primary bone tumors
OVERVIEW
CLASSIFICATION
DEMOGRAPHICS
PATHOGENESIS/ETIOLOGY
PATHOLOGY
Histologic grading
Smooth muscle tumors
Myofibroblastic tumors
Lipogenic tumors
Neural tumors
Adamantinoma
Phosphaturic mesenchymal tumor-mixed connective tissue variant
Behavior
Smooth muscle tumors
Myofibroblastic tumors
Lipogenic tumors
Neural tumors
Adamantinoma
Phosphaturic mesenchymal tumor-mixed connective tissue variant
Additional laboratory testing
Immunohistochemistry
Routine cytogenetics
Molecular genetics
RADIOLOGY
SURGERY
Leiomyosarcoma of bone
Myofibroblastic sarcoma of bone
Lipogenic tumors of bone
Neural tumors of bone
Adamantinoma
Phosphaturic mesenchymal tumor
MEDICAL ONCOLOGY
RADIATION ONCOLOGY
CASES
Case 25.1 Leiomyosarcoma of bone
Clinical history and presentation
Surgical findings and comments
Radiology findings
Pathology findings
Gross features
Microscopic features
Pathologic differential or, why isn't it one of the following?
Oncology approach
Medical oncology
Radiation oncology
Patient outcome
Case 25.2 Myofibroblastic sarcoma (myofibrosarcoma) of bone
Clinical history and presentation
Surgical findings and comments
Radiology findings
Pathology findings
Gross features
Microscopic features
Pathologic differential or, why isn't it one of the following?
Oncology approach
Medical oncology
Radiation oncology
Patient outcome
Case 25.3 Phosphaturic mesenchymal tumor-mixed connective tissue variant of bone
Clinical history and presentation
Surgical findings and comments
Radiology findings
Pathology findings
Gross features
Microscopic features
Pathologic differential or, why isn't it one of the following?
Oncology approach
Medical oncology
Radiation oncology
Patient outcome
Case 25.4 Adamantinoma (differentiated subtype)
Clinical history and presentation
Surgical findings and comments
Radiology findings
Pathology findings
Gross features
Microscopic features
Pathologic differential or, why isn't it one of the following?
Oncology approach
Medical oncology
Radiation oncology
Patient outcome
Case 25.5 Lipoma of bone
Clinical history and presentation
Surgical findings and comments
Radiology findings
Pathology findings
Gross features
Microscopic features
Pathologic differential or, why isn't it one of the following?
Oncology approach
Medical oncology
Radiation oncology
Patient outcome
CHAPTER 26:
Bone tumors of undefined nature
OVERVIEW
CLASSIFICATION
DEMOGRAPHICS
Aneurysmal bone cys
Unicameral (simple) bone cyst
Fibrous dysplasia
Langerhans cell histiocytosis
Erdheim-Chester disease
Rosai-Dorfman disease
Chest wall hamartoma
BEHAVIOR
Aneurysmal bone cys
Unicameral (simple) bone cyst
Fibrous dysplasia
Langerhans cell histiocytosis
Erdheim-Chester disease
Rosai-Dorfman disease
Chest wall hamartoma
PATHOGENESIS/ETIOLOGY
Aneurysmal bone cyst
Unicameral (simple) bone cyst
Fibrous dysplasia
Langerhans cell histiocytosis
Erdheim-Chester disease, chondromesenchymal hamartoma
Rosai-Dorfman disease
Chest wall hamartoma
PATHOLOGY
Additional laboratory testing
Immunohistochemistry
Routine cytogenetics and molecular genetics
RADIOLOGY OF BENIGN MIMICKERS
Aneurysmal bone cyst
Unicameral bone cyst
Fibrous dysplasia
Langerhans cell histiocytosis
Erdheim-Chester disease
Rosai-Dorfman disease
Chest wall hamartoma
SURGERY OF BENIGN MIMICKERS
Aneurysmal bone cyst
Unicameral bone cyst
Fibrous dysplasia
Langerhans cell histiocytosis
Rosai-Dorfman disease
MEDICAL ONCOLOGY
Aneurysmal bone cyst
Langerhans cell histiocytosis
Treatment of adult Langerhans cell histiocytosis
Erdheim-Chester disease
Rosai-Dorfman disease
RADIATION ONCOLOGY OF UNDEFINED NEOPLASTIC NATURE
CASES
Case 26.1 Aneurysmal bone cyst
Clinical history and presentation
Surgical findings and comments
Radiology findings
Pathology findings
Gross features
Microscopic features
Pathologic differential or why isn't it one of the following?
Oncology approach
Medical oncology
Radiation oncology
Patient outcome
Case 26.2 Unicameral bone cyst
Clinical history and presentation
Surgical findings and comments
Radiology findings
Pathology findings
Gross features
Microscopic features
Pathologic differential or why isn't it one of the following?
Oncology approach
Medical oncology
Radiation oncology
Patient outcome
Case 26.3 Fibrous dysplasia
Clinical history and presentation
Surgical findings and comments
Radiology findings
Pathology findings
Gross features
Microscopic features
Pathologic differential or why isn't it one of the following?
Oncology approach
Medical oncology
Radiation oncology
Patient outcome
Case 26.4 Langerhans cell histiocytosis
Clinical history and presentation
Surgical findings and comments
Radiology findings
Pathology findings
Gross features
Microscopic features
Pathologic differential or, why isn't it one of the following?
Oncology approach
Medical oncology
Radiation oncology
Patient outcome
CHAPTER 27:
Benign mimics of bone and soft tissue tumors
OVERVIEW
CLASSIFICATION
DEMOGRAPHICS, ETIOLOGY, AND PATHOLOGY
Osteomyelitis
Seroma/hematoma
Granulomatous inflammation consistent with deep granuloma annulare
Bursitis
Massive localized lymphedema
Soft tissue abscess and mycetoma
RADIOLOGY
Chronic osteomyelitis
Hematoma and seroma
Granuloma annulare
Bursitis
Massive lymphedema
Soft tissue abscess
SURGERY
Osteomyelitis
Seroma and hematoma
Granuloma annulare
Bursitis
Massive lymphedema
Abscess
MEDICAL TREATMENT
CASES
Case 27.1 Chronic osteomyelitis (chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis)
Clinical history and presentation
Surgical findings and comments
Radiology findings
Pathology findings
Gross features
Microscopic features
Pathologic differential or, why isn't it one of the following?
Oncology approach
Patient outcome
Case 27.2 Hematoma of soft tissue
Clinical history and presentation
Surgical findings and comments
Radiology findings
Pathology findings
Gross features
Microscopic features
Pathologic differential or, why isn't it one of the following?
Oncology approach
Patient outcome
Case 27.3 Granulomatous inflammation suggestive of granuloma annulare at site of prior sarcoma resection mimicking recurrent sarcoma
Clinical history and presentation
Surgical findings and comments
Radiology findings
Pathology findings
Gross features:
Microscopic features
Pathologic differential or, why isn't it one of the following?
Oncology approach
Patient outcome
Case 27.4 Bursitis
Clinical history and presentation
Surgical findings and comments
Radiology findings
Pathology findings
Gross features
Microscopic features
Pathologic differential or, why isn't it one of the following?
Oncology approach
Patient outcome
Case 27.5 Massive lymphedema
Clinical history and presentation
Surgical findings and comments
Radiology findings
Pathology findings
Gross features
Microscopic features
Pathologic differential or, why isn't it one of the following?
Oncology approach
Patient outcome
Case 27.6 Mycetoma
Clinical history and presentation
Surgical findings and comments
Radiology findings
Pathology findings
Gross features
Microscopic features
Pathologic differential or, why isn't it one of the following?
Oncology approach
Patient outcome
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