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Cosmetic Surgery After Massive Weight Loss
Seth R. Thaller, Mimis Cohen
CHAPTER 1:
Surgical options for weight loss
INTRODUCTION
PREOPERATIVE EVALUATION
CHOICE OF PROCEDURE
Biliopancreatic diversion
Adjustable gastric band
Sleeve gastrectomy
Roux-en-Y gastric bypass
OPEN VERSUS LAPAROSCOPIC TECHNIQUES
REVISIONAL SURGERY
CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 2:
Psychological evaluation of the postbariatric patient
CHAPTER 3:
Medical management of the postbariatric patient and evaluation before body contouring procedures
INTRODUCTION
FOLLOW UP AFTER BARIATRIC SURGERY
Medical visits
Nutrition
Medications
Complications
Early complications
Late complications
BODY CONTOURING AFTER MASSIVE WEIGHT LOSS
Preoperative evaluation and screening
Combined versus staged procedures
Upper body
Lower body
CHAPTER 4:
Preoperative evaluation of the postbariatric patient
PREOPERATIVE EVALUATION: A HOLISTIC APPROACH
BARIATRIC PROCEDURES
PATIENT HISTORY
Weight loss history
Diet and exercise habits
Medical history
Diabetes
Cardiac disease
Pulmonary disease
Gastroesophageal reflux disease
Deep venous thrombosis
Psychiatric considerations
NUTRITIONAL DEFICIENCY
Macronutrients
Micronutrients
Minerals
Water-soluble vitamins
Fat-soluble vitamins
LABORATORY WORKUP
CHAPTER 5:
Anesthetic challenges encountered in the postbariatric patient
OBESITY
BODY-CONTOURING SURGERY – CONSIDERATIONS FOR THE ANESTHESIOLOGIST
Preoperative considerations
Staging
Preoperative medications and NPO (nothing per os) guidelines
Nutritional assessment
Anemia screening
Thromboembolism prophylaxis
Smoking cessation
Medical comorbidities
Intraoperative considerations
Postoperative considerations
CHAPTER 6:
Anatomical deformities secondary to massive weight loss
FACE AND NECK
ARMS
MALE CHEST
FEMALE BREAST
ABDOMEN
BACK
THIGH
CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 7:
Outpatient lower body lift
OBESITY, BARIATRIC SURGERY, AND BODY CONTOURING
PATIENT SELECTION
TERMINOLOGY
PREOPERATIVE MARKINGS
ANESTHESIA: OPTIONS AND STATISTICS
ANESTHESIA AND PERIOPERATIVE PROTOCOL
SURGICAL TECHNIQUE FOR OUTPATIENT LOWER BODY LIFT
RECOVERY
RESULTS
COMPLICATIONS
CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 8:
Sequencing and timing of surgery of the postbariatric patient
INTRODUCTION
PRESENTATION
OBESITY AND MASSIVE WEIGHT LOSS
PREPARATION
Correction of anemia and malnutrition
Psychological issues
Adjuncts (supplements, dieting and Endermologie)
EXAMINATION
Abdomen
Thighs and lower body
Supine abdomen
Breast and upper body
Gynecomastia
Brachioplasty
SHARED ANALYSIS AND PLANNING
COMBINING OPERATIONS
Common groupings of operations
Intervals between operations
Criteria for single-staged total body lift
KEYS TO SUCCESS
Team surgery
Improving efficiency
Preventing hypothermia
Reducing complications
CONCLUSIONS
CHAPTER 9:
Panniculectomy and abdominoplasty
PREOPERATIVE EVALUATION
History and physical examination
Nutritional assessment
Preoperative workup and safety precautions
Photography and photo-documentation
Preoperative classification system in MWL patients
Indications and patient selection
Informed consent
Considerations in anesthesia
SURGICAL TECHNIQUES
Introduction: Surgical approach to the MWL patient
Abdominoplasty and lipoabdominoplasty
Surgical technique
Complications
Reverse abdominoplasty
Surgical technique
Complications
Monsplasty
Surgical technique
Complications
Fleur-de-lis abdominoplasty
Surgical technique
Complications
Circumferential abdominoplasty
Surgical technique
Complications
Total body lifting
CONCLUSIONS
CHAPTER 10:
Belt lipectomy and total body lift
INTRODUCTION
HISTORY OF THE PROCEDURE
Belt lipectomy
Total body lift
RELEVANT ANATOMY
Abdominal blood supply
Posterior trunk blood supply
Chest/Breast blood supply
PREOPERATIVE CONSIDERATIONS
Examination
Workup and preoperative testing
Patient selection and timing
Procedure choice
Counseling
TECHNIQUE
Belt lipectomy Marking (Figure 10.2)
Positioning
Operation
Total body lift
Marking
Positioning
Operation
POSTOPERATIVE CARE
Immediate inpatient postoperative care
Long-term postoperative care
COMPLICATIONS
CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 11:
Hernia repair in the massive weight loss patient
INTRODUCTION
ANATOMY OF THE ABDOMINAL WALL
INCISIONAL HERNIAS
PREOPERATIVE EVALUATION
OPTIONS FOR INCISIONAL HERNIA REPAIR
THE USE OF MESH IN INCISIONAL HERNIA REPAIR
SURGICAL PROCEDURES
Open incisional hernia repair
Component separation technique
Hernia repair in combination with abdominoplasty or panniculectomy
COMPLICATIONS
CONCLUSIONS
CHAPTER 12:
Reconstruction of abdominal wall defects after bariatric surgery and simultaneous abdominal lipectomies
INTRODUCTION
PREREQUISITES FOR SUCCESS
Evaluation of patients' general condition
Specific issues with bariatric patients
Evaluation of the abdominal defect/hernia
Wound preparation
Timing of the procedures
Cooperation with the bariatric surgeon
RECONSTRUCTIVE PRINCIPLES
Reconstruction of open wound and panniculectomy
Description of technique
RESULTS
CONCLUSIONS
CHAPTER 13:
Brachioplasty
ANATOMY OF THE ARM
HISTORY
INDICATIONS
DETAILS OF THE PROCEDURE
Minimal incision technique
The traditional technique – T-incision brachioplasty
The extended technique
Lipobrachioplasty
THE POSTOPERATIVE PERIOD
COMPLICATION AVOIDANCE
Neuropathy and neuromas
Lymphatic complications
Scar outcome
OUTCOME STUDIES
CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 14:
Male breast surgery after massive weight loss
DEFINITIONS
CLASSIFICATION AND TREATMENT
Grade 1
Grade 2
Grade 3
NIPPLE–AREOLA COMPLEX
CHAPTER 15:
Female breast surgery after massive weight loss
INTRODUCTION
BREAST ANATOMY
PATIENT EVALUATION
Degree of ptosis (Figure 15.2)
Pseudoptosis
Parenchymal maldistribution
Assessment of the NAC
Quantity of breast volume
Quality of breast volume
BMI
Nicotine use
Inframammary fold
Nutritional status
Other surgical procedures
SURGICAL APPROACHES
Mastopexy with sufficient autologous breast volume
Vertical mastopexy
Dermal suspension
Parenchymal plication
Ptosis with insufficient autologous breast volume
Implant augmentation
Local perforator flap
Pedicled flap
Mammoplasty with excess autologous breast volume
CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 16:
Gluteal contouring after massive weight loss
ANATOMY
Anatomic changes with weight loss
EVALUATION OF THE GLUTEAL REGION
Ptosis
TREATMENT APPROACHES
Gluteal augmentation with implants
Submuscular implant placement
Intramuscular implant placement
Subfascial implant placement
Autologous gluteal augmentation
Combination of autologous and implant gluteal augmentation
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 17:
Medial and lateral thigh surgery after massive weight loss
EVALUATION OF THE PATIENT
HISTORY
CRESCENT MEDIAL THIGH LIFT
First-stage debulking
EXTENDED MEDIAL THIGH LIFT
Surgical procedure
LATERAL THIGH
COMPLICATIONS
CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 18:
Facial contouring after bariatric surgery
INTRODUCTION
PREOPERATIVE EVALUATION OF THE BODY-CONTOURING PATIENT
VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLISM PROPHYLAXIS
POSTBARIATRIC FACE AND NECK
SURGERY
POSTOPERATIVE CARE
CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 19:
Role of suction-assisted lipectomy
INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND
UPPER EXTREMITY CONTOURING
Outcomes
LOWER EXTREMITY CONTOURING
Outcomes
CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 20:
Unfavorable results: identification and avoidance
INTRODUCTION
ABDOMINOPLASTY AND PANNICULECTOMY
Dehiscence
Seroma
Surgical site infection
Hematoma
Venous thromboembolism
BREAST CONTOURING
Extremity contouring
Facial contouring
GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR OPTIMAL OUTCOMES
Initial weight loss operation
Prevention of VTE disease
Nutritional status
Exercise
Smoking
Medical comorbidities
MANAGING PATIENT EXPECTATIONS
CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 21:
Tissue transfer for cancer reconstruction in the massive weight loss patient
INTRODUCTION
PREOPERATIVE WORKUP
HISTORY
PHYSICAL EXAMINATION AND PREOPERATIVE SURGICAL PLANNING
Assessment of excess skin
Hernias and previous incisions
Patient education
Nutrition
WOUND HEALING
Reconstruction in the MWL patient utilizing musculocutaneous flaps
TRAM breast reconstruction
VRAM flap for perineal reconstruction
Gracilis flap
Reconstruction in the MWL patient utilizing perforator flaps
LICAP (lateral intercostal perforator) flap
ALT (anterolateral thigh) flap
SGAP (superior gluteal artery perforator) flap
Reconstruction in the MWL patient utilizing free flaps
DIEP free flap breast reconstruction
SIEA free flap breast reconstruction
Free TRAM
Reconstruction in the MWL patient utilizing tissue rearrangement
Oncoplastic breast reduction
Reconstruction in the MWL patient utilizing tissue expanders and permanent implants
Reconstruction in the MWL patient utilizing skin grafts
COMPLICATIONS
CONCLUSIONS
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
CHAPTER 22:
Medicolegal issues
MEDICAL MALPRACTICE
Duty
Standard of care
Proximate causation
Injury
THE INTERNET
EXPERTS
MALPRACTICE INSURANCE
LITIGATION
INFORMED CONSENT
Elements required in informed consent
Diagnosis
Nature and purpose of the proposed treatment
Availability of alternative treatments
Risks, complications, and consequences
Result if no treatment
THE PHYSICIAN AS FIDUCIARY
State variations in duty to disclose
Physician-based standard
Patient-based standard
When an informed consent is not required
Waiver
Emergency treatment
Therapeutic privilege
Patient's prior knowledge
Implied consent
When the procedure exceeds the consent
The extension doctrine
Documentation
VICARIOUS LIABILITY
ASSET PROTECTION
MEDICAL RECORDS
Alteration of medical records
CONFIDENTIALITY
FRAUD AND ABUSE
TABLE OF CASES
INDEX
TOC
Index
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