SECOND EDITION
Timothy L Jackson PhD, FRCOphth
Consultant Ophthalmic Surgeon King's College London & King's College Hospital
London, UK
Published by JP Medical Ltd, 83 Victoria Street, London, SW1H 0HW, UK
Tel: +44 (0)20 3170 8910 | Fax: +44 (0)20 3008 6180 |
Email: info@jpmedpub.com | Web: www.jpmedpub.com |
The rights of Timothy L Jackson to be identified as editor of this work have been asserted by him in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, without the prior permission in writing of the publishers. Permissions may be sought directly from JP Medical Ltd at the address printed above.
All brand names and product names used in this book are trade names, service marks, trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners. The publisher is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book.
Medical knowledge and practice change constantly. This book is designed to provide accurate, authoritative information about the subject matter in question. However readers are advised to check the most current information available on procedures included and check information from the manufacturer of each product to be administered, to verify the recommended dose, formula, method and duration of administration, adverse effects and contraindications. It is the responsibility of the practitioner to take all appropriate safety precautions. Neither the publisher nor the editor assume any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property arising from or related to use of material in this book.
This book is sold on the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in providing professional medical services. If such advice or services are required, the services of a competent medical professional should be sought.
Every effort has been made where necessary to contact holders of copyright to obtain permission to reproduce copyright material. If any have been inadvertently overlooked, the publisher will be pleased to make the necessary arrangements at the first opportunity.
9781907816888
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress
JP Medical Ltd is a subsidiary of Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd, New Delhi, India.
Publisher: | Richard Furn |
Development Editor: | Katie Pattullo |
Design: | Designers Collective Ltd |
Typeset, printed and bound in India.
3FOREWORD
The Moorfields Manual of Ophthalmology has rapidly become one of the UK's most popular ophthalmology guides, and is now a standard text. This success relates to its concise pragmatic approach, based on a huge wealth of accumulated experience, with contributions from many world-renowned experts.
The Second Edition provides important updates across a wide range of topics in the rapidly changing field of ophthalmology. This should ensure that this book continues to provide clear and valuable guidance to a range of professionals, whose job is to help those with eye disease.
Professor Sir Peng Tee Khaw
London
March 2014
PREFACE
Textbook editors face a dilemma when confronted with the prospect of preparing a new edition. Should they make only the bare minimum of essential updates, so that the book retains its original appeal to readers? Alternatively, should they expand and rewrite as much of the content as possible, aiming to advance rather than just reflect clinical care.
With apologies for cowardice and indecision, this Second Edition has followed Queen Victoria's maxim, via media. For those of you who, like me, speak only as much Latin as necessary to scrape through medical school, this means finding the ‘middle road’. Accordingly, contributors were asked to review their chapters critically and carefully, and update any sections if clinical care had changed. Crucially, and this is the hard bit, they were also asked to avoid change for change's sake.
As a result some chapters have expanded to accommodate substantial new advances, such as the widespread introduction of intravitreal treatments for diabetes and macular degeneration. Other chapters have had more modest changes, but all have benefitted from a critical review of the content. As with the First Edition we have put a tremendous effort into keeping the word count low, to pack as much information as possible into a tight format.
I hope that readers and patients profit from a compact book that aims to be both new and familiar, in equal measure.
Timothy L Jackson
London
March 2014
4CONTRIBUTING AUTHORS
- James F Acheson
- Consultant Neuro-Ophthalmologist
- Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK
- Gillian GW Adams
- Consultant Ophthalmic Surgeon
- Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK
- Richard Andrews
- Consultant Ophthalmologist
- Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK
- Asaf Bar
- Clinical Fellow
- Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK
- Adam Bates
- Consultant Ophthalmologist
- Maidstone Hospital, Maidstone, UK
- Alan C Bird
- Emeritus Professor of Medical Ophthalmology
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
- Ben JL Burton
- Consultant Ophthalmologist
- James Paget University Hospital, Norfolk, UK
- J Richard O Collin
- Consultant Adnexal Surgeon
- Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK
- Carol Cunningham
- Consultant Ophthalmic Surgeon
- Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK
- Lyndon da Cruz
- Consultant Ophthalmic Surgeon
- Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK
- John KG Dart
- Consultant Ophthalmologist
- Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK
- Honorary Professor, University College London
- Catherine Egan
- Consultant Ophthalmologist
- Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK
- Paul J Foster
- Professor of Glaucoma Studies
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology & Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK
- Thomas Hardy
- Consultant Ophthalmologist
- Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital & Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- John L Hungerford
- Consultant Ophthalmic Surgeon
- Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK
- Timothy L Jackson
- Consultant Ophthalmic Surgeon, King's College London & King's College Hospital
- London, UK
- Peng T Khaw
- Professor and Consultant Ophthalmic
- Surgeon
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Moorfields Eye Hospital & UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
- Susan L Lightman
- Professor of Clinical Ophthalmology and Consultant Ophthalmologist
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology & Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK
- Bita Manzouri
- Appendices
- Locum Consultant Ophthalmologist
- Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK
- Bernadette McCarry
- Head Orthoptist
- Queen's Hospital, Romford, UK
- Prithvi Mruthyunjaya
- Associate Professor of Ophthalmology and Radiation Oncology
- Duke Eye Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- James E Neffendorf
- Vitreoretinal Research Fellow
- Kings College Hospital, London, UK
- Gordon T Plant
- Consultant Neuro-Ophthalmologist
- The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery & Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK
- Yashin Ramkissoon
- Consultant Ophthalmologist and Vitreoretinal Surgeon
- Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Sheffield, UK
- Geoffrey E Rose
- Consultant Orbital, Lacrimal and Oculoplastic Surgeon
- Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK
- Guy T Smith
- Consultant Ophthalmologist
- Fairford Hospital, Fairford, UK
- Chris Timms
- Principal Orthoptist
- Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK
- Adnan Tufail
- Consultant Ophthalmologist
- Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK
- David H Verity
- Consultant Adnexal Surgeon
- Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK
- Andrew Webster
- Professor of Molecular Ophthalmology, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology & Consultant Ophthalmologist
- Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK
There were more than 60 contributors to the First Edition of the Moorfields Manual of Ophthalmology, and I remain grateful for their input and assistance. This time the brunt of the work fell to contributing authors who reviewed the chapters and updated them in collaboration with colleagues. This takes a substantial amount of time, effort and skill given the breadth of the content involved, the pace of medical advances, and the need to compress their knowledge into a user-friendly and compact format. I thank each and every contributor for their superb work: all chapters have been substantially updated and improved.
I also want to thank the editorial team at JP Medical, with special thanks to Richard Furn and Katie Pattullo. They have been tremendously diligent, wise and professional throughout and, most of all, a pleasure to work with. I would recommend them unreservedly to any prospective author.
7CONTRIBUTORS TO FIRST EDITION
The Editor wishes to thank the contributors listed below who worked on the First Edition of the Moorfields Manual of Ophthalmology, alongside the contributing authors listed above.
- Larry Amure
- Richard Andrews
- Keith Barton
- Jill Bloom
- John Brookes
- Helen L Cook
- Samantha Dandekar
- Daniel P Ehrlich
- Ahmed N El-Amir
- Wendy Franks
- David Gartry
- Ted Garway-Heathy
- David Goh
- Zdenek Gregor
- Richard H Hart
- Hugo Henderson
- Graham E Holder
- Rajni Jain
- Natasha Lim
- Graham Macalister
- Keith Martin
- Patricia McElhatton
- Michel Michaelides
- Moin Mohammed
- AT Moore
- Ian Murdoch
- Anil Nambiar
- Winifred Nolan
- Narciss Okhravi
- Carlos E Pavesio
- Maria Papadopoulos
- Poornima Rai
- Madhavan Rajan
- Mahesh Ramchandani
- Marie Restori
- Geoff Roberson
- Kulwent Sehmi
- Dilani Siriwardena
- John Sloper
- Martin Snead
- Paul M Sullivan
- Jimmy Uddin
- Ananth Viswanathan
For Lisa, Milly and Ted, and in memory of my father, David
TLJ