FRCS (Tr & Orth): MCQs and Clinical Cases Vikas Khanduja
INDEX
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPRSTUVW
Note: Page numbers in bold or italic refer to tables or figures, respectively.
A
Aα (A alpha) fibre 16
Aβ (A beta) fibre 16
Abductor pollicis longus 24
Achondroplasia 26
Acromioclavicular ligament 74
Aδ (A delta) fibre 16
Aγ (A gamma) fibre 16
Allograft 151
Alpha angle 17
Ankle arthrodesis 19
Ankle fracture 149
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)
injury 76
reconstruction 25
Anterior humeral line 84
Antibiotics, pre-operative use of, joint replacement and 161–162
Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (AMC) 22, 22, 139, 140
Aspirin 149–150
Autografts 150
Autotransfusion 26
Avulsion fracture of tibial spine 76
Axillary nerve 17
B
Bearing surfaces, in artificial joints 19
Biceps tendon rupture 106–107
cause of 106
treatment options for 106–107
Biofilm 164
antibiotics for 164
formation of 164
Bisphosphonates 73, 154
side-effects of 154
Bone grafts 150–151
Bone mineral density (BMD) 152, 153
Bone morphogenic proteins (BMPs) 21, 151
Bone tumours 19
Brachialis tenodesis 24
Buford complex 21
Bunnell–Littler test 22
C
Caffey's disease 137–138
Calcaneo-cavus foot 135
Calcaneovalgus deformity 137
Camptodactyly, infantile type 22
Cancellous bone graft 151
Capitellum fracture 85
classification of 85
complications of treatment 85
in females 85
Kocher's lateral approach in 85
Cement fracture, in Gruen zones 2 and 6 26
Cephalosporins 161
Ceramic-on-ceramic (COC) bearing surfaces 166
Ceramic-on-polyethylene (COP) couples 167
Ceramics 164–167
biomechanical properties of 165–166
complications with 166
manufacturing of 165
Chemical thromboprophylaxis, contraindications to 150
Clavicle fracture, midshaft 81
deforming forces in 81
malunions in, problems with 82–83
non-union in 82
Cobb angle 44
Coccygectomy, for refractory coccygodynia 18
Comminuted fracture, of midshaft of right humerus 71
Complex dislocation, of MCPJ of index finger 114–115
Compression test 19
Conoid ligament 74
Constriction band syndrome, of lower leg 136
Coracoclavicular ligaments 74
Cortical bone graft 151
Cozen's fracture, of proximal tibial metaphysis 134–135
Creeping substitution 151
Cubital tunnel 99
Cubitus varus, supracondylar fracture and 134
D
Dabigatran 150
De Quervain's stenosing tenosynovitis 24
Developmental dysplasia of the hip 136
DEXA (dual energy X-ray absorptiometry) scan 43
Dexamethasone 54
Disc degeneration disease 26
Distraction osteogenesis 20
Dorsal intercalated segmental instability (DISI) deformity 101–103
Doxycycline 24
Dupuytren's disease 110
pain in 110–111
surgical complications 111
treatment for 111
Woodruff classification system for 111
E
Elbow injury, in children 15
Endobutton 107
Endothelial derived growth factor 21
Escobar syndrome 141–142
Exostosis 137
Extensor carpi radialis longus (ECRL) 112
Extensor indicis proprius (EIP), transfer of 111–112
Extensor pollicis brevis (EPB) 112
Extensor pollicis longus (EPL), rupture of 111–112
Extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) 164
F
Facet joint ablation 18
Femoral fracture, peri-prosthetic 51
treatment and outcomes 52–53
Vancouver classification of 51, 51–52
Femoral head
blood supply to 43
from living donor 151
Femur, fracture of 42–43
Fibrolipomatous hamartoma (FLH) 113
Fibrous dysplasia, malignant transformation in 20
Fish-tail vertebrae 140
Flexor digitorum proundus (FDP) avulsion 100
classification system for 101
diagnosis of 100–101
ring finger and 101
treatment of 101
Flucloxacillin 161
Forefoot varus 137
Forest plots 23
Fracture healing 15–16
Freeman-Sheldon syndrome 141
G
Gauchers disease 26
Genu varum 136–137
Glenohumeral joint 71
Glucocorticoids, effects of, on bone mineral metabolism 16
Gram-negative bacteria 163
Gram-positive bacteria 163
Gram-staining technique 163
Growth plate arrest 141–142
Guyon's canal 99
H
Hawkin's sign 49
Heterotopic ossification (HO) 45
Brooker classification for 45
conditions needed for 45
prevention of 45–46
High-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters 160
Hindfoot equinovarus 137
Hip arthrodesis, and back pain 15
Hip dislocation, right-sided 135–136
Hip dysplasia 41–42
Crowe classification of 42
Hip pain, and measurement of angles
acetabular inclination 41
anterior centre edge angle of Lequesne 42
lateral centre-edge angle of Wiberg 41
Sharp's angle 41
Humerus, undisplaced spiral fracture of 133, 133
Hyaluronic acid 23–24
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy 25
Hypophosphataemic rickets 26
I
Infantile cortical hyperostosis see Caffey's disease
Insulin-like growth factor II 21
Intramedullary nails 72, 73
Isometric muscle contraction 21
J
Joint effusion 163
K
Kaplan's cardinal line 16
Key pinch grip 20
Klippel–Trenaunay–Weber syndrome 19
Knee
amputation 79
and foot orthoses 134
lateral compartment osteoarthritis of 49–51
Kniest syndrome 20
Kocher–Langenbeck approach 28
Kruskal–Wallis test 27
L
Laminar airflow 160
ex-flow/exponential 160
horizontal 160
infection risk in joint replacements and 161
vertical 160
Larsen's syndrome 134, 134
Lateral clavicle fractures 73–74
displacement of 74
risk of non-union in 74
Rockwood and Green classification of 73
treatment of 74
Lateral collateral ligament (LCL) 50
Latissimus dorsi transfer, male gender and 17
Leg length discrepancy 19, 46
Leri -Weill dyschondrosteosis 26
Ligament of Struthers 27
Limb salvage index (LSI) 80, 81
Limb-threatening injury, lower extremity 78
limb salvage scoring systems 79–81
management of 79
soft-tissue injuries with closed fractures 79
Lipohaemarthrosis 76
Low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) 149, 150
Lumbar facet joint injections 18
Lumbosacral transitional vertebra (LSTV) 47–48
M
Macrodactyly 112–113
Macrodystrophia lipomatosa (ML) 112–113
Mangled extremity severity score 79–80, 81
Mean AOFAS Ankle-Hindfoot Scale score 19
Medial collateral ligament (MCL) 50
Medial stem pivot 26
Metacarpophalangeal joint (MCPJ), complex dislocation of 114–115
Metal-on-polyethylene (MOP) couples 166, 167
Morquio-Brailsford disease 138, 138
MRI scan, in hip pain 42
Mucopolysaccharidosis type IVA see Morquio-Brailsford disease
Mucous cyst 105
causes of 105
complications of 106
excision of 105–106, 106
Multiple pterygium syndrome see Escobar syndrome
Mumford procedure 25
Muscle contraction, types of 21–22
Muscular dystrophy 26
Muscular torticollis 140
Myelomeningocele 136
N
Nail–patella syndrome 135
Nerve recovery, first sign of 27
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), in heterotopic ossification 45
Nonunion, surgical treatment of 138–139, 139
O
Operating theatre
laminar airflow 160–161
reducing risk of contamination in 159–160
sources of contamination in 158–159
ventilation system in 160
zones of 158
Osteoarthritis 16, 23–24
glenohumeral 71
knee 49–51
Osteoconductive grafts 151
Osteoinductive grafts 151
Osteomalacia 17, 153
Osteomyelitis, chronic 162–163
Osteonecrosis of jaw 154
Osteopaenia 140
Osteoporosis 16, 17, 152
bisphosphonates in 154
classification of 153
investigations in 153
national screening programme 154
and osteomalacia 153
pathophysiology of 152
prevention of 153–154
risk factors for 152
treatment of 154
WHO definition for 152
P
Paget's disease 155
Patellofemoral arthroplasty 58
Patellofemoral osteoarthritis 55–58
aetiology of 55–56
management of 57
patellofemoral arthroplasty in 58
total knee arthroplasty in 58
Pelvic avulsion fractures 86
Pelvic external fixator 78
Pelvic fractures 77
management of 78
risk of urological injury or impotence in 77
rotational and vertical instability in, radiological signs of 78
Tile classification of 77
Young and Burgess system of 77
Perrin's strain theory 15–16
Pes cavus deformity 28
Pilon fracture 74
CT scan in 75
management of 75
Ruedi–Allgower principles of operative fixation for 75–76
Piriformis fossa 72
Platelet derived growth factor 21
Polydactyly 142
Polydactyly of thumb with duplication of phalanges 104
inheritance patterns of 105
surgical treatment of 105
Wassel classification of 104
Predictive salvage index (PSI) 80, 81
Pre-ganglionic plexus injury 17
Prosthetic joint infection, scanning method for 15
Proteoglycan 27
Proximal interphalangeal (PIP) fracture/dislocations 107–109
injury, assessment of 107
treatment for 108, 108–109, 110
Pseudohypoparathyroidism 21
Psoriatic arthritis 103–104
natural history of 104
radiographic features of 103–104
R
Radial head dislocation and fracture of ulna 83–84, 135
chronic post-traumatic dislocation of radial head 84
management of 84
Monteggia equivalent fractures 84
Monteggia fracture classification 84
Radiocapitellar line 83–84
Resection arthroplasty 54
Retropulsion 111
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) 155
aetiology of 156
ARA criteria for classification of 156
extra-articular manifestations in 156
investigations in 157
poor prognostic indicators for 157
Rheumatoid factor (RF) 157
Riviroxiban 149
S
Sacro-iliac (SI) joint 77, 78
Salter-Harris Type II injury, of lower femur 141
Scapholunate advanced collapse (SLAC) wrist 102
Scapholunate (SL) injury
classification system for 102, 102
with DISI deformity 101–103
natural history of 102
staging of 102
treatment of 103
Scapho-trapezio-trapezoid (STT) joint arthritis 46
causes of 46
complications of surgical treatment 47
treatment for 46–47
Scapular neck fracture, displaced 83
Ideberg classification system for 83
injuries associated with 83
surgical treatment of 83
Scoliosis, adult 44–45
Screws, orthopaedic 26
Secondary hyperparathyroidism 16
Segond fracture 76
Seinsheimer type V fracture 72
Septic arthritis 23
Silicone prosthesis 25
Speeds test 27
Spinal cord compression, metastatic 54–55, 55
Spinal tumours 19
Spine, embryology of 48
Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia see Kniest syndrome
Sprengel deformity 136
Stener lesion 20
Sternomastoid tumour 140
Stress fracture 42
Subtrochanteric fracture 72
bisphosphonates in 73
Fielding's classification system 72
implant for 73
management of 72–73
Russell-Taylor system 72
Seinsheimer classification system 72
Subungual exostosis 137
Supraclavicular nerve, medial 17
Supracondylar osteotomy 134
Suprascapular nerve 17
Synovial biopsy from knee 163–164
Synthetic bone grafts 151
T
Talar fractures 48–49
blood supply to talus and 49
Hawkins classification of 49
Talipes equinovarus 140
Tarsal tunnel syndrome 18–19
Tendons 18
Tendon transfers, principles of 112
Tetracycline-labelled bone biopsy 17
Thinner distal femoral augmentation wedge, use of 21
Thoracic curves 44–45
Tibial bowing deformity 135
Tibialis posterior dysfunction 25
Tibial malunion 25
Tibio-femoral alignment, in children 18
Tinel's sign 19
Total ankle replacement 19
Total hip arthroplasty 164
ceramic liner in, damage to 164–165
Total hip replacement
dislocation after 53–54
thromboprophylaxis regime for 149
Total knee arthroplasty 58
Total knee replacement, thromboprophylaxis regime for 149
Tourniquets, in upper and lower limb surgery 157
complications of 158
contraindications to use of 157
inflation pressures in 157
post-tourniquet syndrome 158
principles for use of 157
Tranexamic acid 24
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) 21
Trapezoid ligament 74
U
Ulnar collateral ligament of thumb, open repair of 20
Ulnar nerve entrapment 99
diagnosis of 99
investigation of 100
prognosis for 100
sites of 99
surgical intervention in 100
V
Valgus knee 50
Vancomycin 161–162
Ventilation system 160
Vertical scapular osteotomy 136
Volar plate arthroplasty 108, 109, 110
Volar surgical approach, in complex dorsal MCPJ dislocations 114
W
Warfarin 150
Wartenberg's syndrome 27
Water and hyaline cartilage, interaction between 16
Weber C fractures, mechanism of injury for 28
Winged scapula 142
Wrist arthrodesis 24
×
Chapter Notes

Save Clear