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Handbook of Vitiligo: Basic Science and Clinical Management
Iltefat H. Hamzavi, Bassel H. Mahmoud, Prescilia N. Isedeh
1:
Overview of vitiligo
Historical background
Epidemiology
Ethnic variation
Associated symptoms and diseases
Psychological impact
Genetics and precipitating factors
Pathogenesis
Clinical types
Clinical differential diagnosis
Associated disorders and autoimmune diseases
Investigative tools to rule out associated disorders
Measuring tools
Treatment options
Topical therapy
Phototherapy
Lasers
Surgical treatment
Depigmentation therapy
Micropigmentation
Additional therapy
Treatment plan
Prognosis
Conclusion
2:
Immunopathogenesis
Introduction
Melanocyte-intrinsic pathogenesis: cellular stress
Autoimmune pathogenesis
T-cell cytotoxicity
Cytokines/chemokines
T-regulatory cells
Chemical leukoderma: the convergence of two theories
Innate immunity
Genetic evidence
Segmental vitiligo: a reflection of the immune cell–target cell interface?
Conclusion
3:
Pathogenesis of vitiligo
Introduction
Autoimmune hypothesis
Neural hypothesis
Biochemical/melanocyte self-destruct hypothesis
Impaired redox status in pathogenesis
Melanocyte defective adhesion
Genetics
Apoptosis
Convergence theory for pathogenesis
4:
Melanocyte migration and repigmentation
Introduction
Source of melanocytes in the skin
Repigmentation in patients with vitiligo
Perifollocular repigmentation
Diffuse repigmentation
Marginal repigmentation
Combined repigmentation
Repigmentation after surgical treatments
Dermabrasion
Minigrafting
Suction blister grafting
Epidermal grafting
Factors affecting melanocyte migration
Signaling molecules/growth factors/cytokines/transcription factors
Ultraviolet light (UV)
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)
5:
Cosmetic cover-up and tattoo
Introduction
History of the use of camouflage
Quality of life and camouflage
Classification
Temporary camouflage
Liquid dyes
Indigenous preparations
Self-tanning products
Foundation-based cosmetic camouflage
Facial foundation
Points of consideration for ideal camouflage
Steps of application
Practical points and tips
Disadvantages of cosmetic camouflage
Permanent camouflage
Micropigmentation
Pigments used in micropigmentation
Best sites for micropigmentation
Where to place the tattoo
Micropigmentation technique
Advantages of micropigmentation
Disadvantages and limitations
6:
Medical management of vitiligo
Introduction
Medical treatment in adults
Topical corticosteroids
Calcineurin inhibitors
Vitamin D analogs
Medical treatment in children
Topical corticosteroids
Calcineurin inhibitors
Vitamin D analogs
Systemic medications used to treat adults and children
Depigmentation
Antioxidants
New developments in clinical research
Conclusion
7:
Phototherapy treatment of vitiligo
Introduction
Psoralen ultraviolet A
Narrowband ultraviolet B
Targeted phototherapy
Other forms of phototherapy
Helium-neon laser
Adjuvant therapy with phototherapy
Phototherapy in children
Quality of life and phototherapy
New developments in clinical research
Conclusion
8:
Surgical management of vitiligo
History
Patient selection
Factors
Disease stability
Koebner's phenomenon
VIDA score
Type of vitiligo
Area of involvement
Localization of lesions
Patient factors
Test grafting
Recent advances
Surgical classification
Tissue grafting
Cellular grafting
Noncultured epidermal cell suspension grafting
Principle
Procedure
Advantages
Disadvantages
Noncultured follicular root sheath suspension
Principle
Procedure
Advantages
Disadvantages
Cultured autologous melanocytes
Principle
Procedure
Advantages
Disadvantages
In vitro cultured epithelial grafts
Principle
Procedure
Advantages
Disadvantages
Tattooing (Micropigmentation)
Principle
Procedure
Advantages
Disadvantages
Preoperative workup
Informed consent
Investigations
Photographs
Area calculation
Preparation of recipient area
Manual dermabrasion
Motor dermabrasion
Liquid nitrogen dermabrasion
Laser dermabrasion
Chemical dermabrasion
Postsurgical care and medications
Surgical management according to type
Management of leukotrichia
Evaluation of surgical outcomes
Repigmentation
Color match and side effects at recipient site
Side effects at donor site
Number of sessions required
Quality of life
Retention of repigmentation
Scoring systems
Repigmentation score
VASI score
Scoring to assess surgical results
9:
Nutrition in vitiligo
Introduction
Oxidative stress and nutrition
Phenylalanine
Antioxidants
Polypodium leucotomos
Pseudocatalase
Ginkgo biloba
Vitamins and minerals
Dietary supplementation
Potentially beneficial foods
Potentially harmful foods
Conclusion
10:
Complementary and alternative medicine in the treatment of vitiligo
Introduction
Ayurvedic medicine
Etiology
Risk factors
Treatment
Safety
Unani medicine
Etiology
Treatment
Traditional Chinese medicine
Etiology
Treatment
Safety
Conclusion
11:
Childhood vitiligo
Introduction
Epidemiology
Classification
Familial background and associated autoimmune diseases
Clinical characteristics
Disease extent and prognosis
Halo nevi association
Differential diagnosis
Psychological effects
Summary of therapeutic issues
Topical therapies
Corticosteroids
Topical immunomodulators
Phototherapy and photochemotherapy
Conclusion
12:
Prognosis and quality of life
Introduction
Factors influencing quality of life
Age at onset
Extent of disease
Distribution of lesions
Stigma
Sexual dysfunction
Social support
Self-esteem/self-concept
Perception as a cosmetic disorder
Impact of treatment
Strategies to improve quality of life
Counseling
Support groups
Impact of treatment
Prognosis
Vitiligo-specific QoL measures
13:
Vitiligo support groups
Psychosocial morbidity
Support groups and cognitive-behavioral therapy
Psychosocial interventions
Benefits to participation in support groups
14:
The future of vitiligo treatment
Introduction
Research
Treatment
Building awareness
INDEX
TOC
Index
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