A
Ablative therapy, 9
Absent/fused fissure, 67
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), 23
Adson test, 101
Airway bypass procedure, 81
American College of Surgeons Oncology Group Z0030 randomized clinical trial, 5
American Thoracic Society, 85
Anesthesia, 10
and fluid management, 23
general. See General anesthesia (GA)
and lung isolation. See Lung isolation
for medical thoracoscopy, 165
for robotic thoracic surgery, 25
for VATS thymectomy, 89
for video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery, 25
Anterior mediastinum, robotic surgery in, 119
Aortopulmonary window, 38
Apical segmental vein
ARDS. See Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
Assisted VATS (a-VATS) lobectomy, 5
B
BELIEVER HiFi study, 76
Benign lesions, 47
Bilateral VATS
tumor characteristics for, 94
Biportal VATS. See Two-port VATS
Bronchoscopic thermal vapor ablation (BTVA), 81
BTVA. See Bronchoscopic thermal vapor ablation (BTVA)
C
Cardiac tamponade, 95
Catamenial pneumothorax, 73
Cervicoaxillary canal, 102
Chest drainage systems. See Drainage systems
Chest wall resections
VATS en bloc. See VATS en bloc chest wall resections
pathway for lung volume reduction in, 77
etiology of, 107
evaluation of, 107
mortality rate, 107
operative management. See Operative management, of chylothorax
COPD. See Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
Cough, 148
COX-2 inhibitor, 24
CT. See Computed tomography (CT)
c-VATS lobectomy. See Complete VATS (c-VATS) lobectomy
Cystic fibrosis, pneumothorax in, 73
D
Deep sedation. See General anesthesia (GA)
Digital dissection, 86
Digital drainage, 11
Dorsal segmental artery/vein
E
EASE. See Exhale airway stents for emphysema trial (EASE)
EBUS. See Endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS)
EBUS-FNA biopsy. See Endobronchial ultrasound guided fine-needle aspiration (EBUS-FNA) biopsy
adequacy of, 151
complications of, 153
for diagnosis of sarcoidosis, 152
linear, 150
for mediastinal lymphadenopathy diagnosis, 152
sensitivity of, 150
EBV therapy. See Endobronchial valve (EBV) therapy
EELV. See End-expiratory lung volume (EELV)
Electronic drainage systems, 160
ELS. See Emphysematous lung sealant (ELS)
ELVR. See Endoscopic lung volume reduction (ELVR)
Emphysema, 75
bronchoscopic thermal vapor ablation, 81
emphysematous lung sealant technique, 81
endobronchial valve therapy for. See Endobronchial valve (EBV) therapy
lung volume reduction surgery, 82
Emphysematous lung sealant (ELS), 81
Empyema thoracis
diagnosis of, 86
management of, 86
mortality rate for, 85
principles of surgery, 85
ENB. See Electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy (ENB)
En bloc chest wall resection, VATS. See VATS en bloc chest wall resections
End-expiratory lung volume (EELV), 78
cost-effectiveness of, 153
and EUS, 151
training and service provision, 153
with transbronchial needle aspiration. See EBUS-TBNA procedure
Endobronchial ultrasound guided fine-needle aspiration (EBUS-FNA) biopsy, 123
benefit of, 76
cost-effectiveness of, 79
feasibility of, 76
physiological measures, 78
surgical LVR vs., 79
Endometriosis, 73
Endoscopic lung volume reduction (ELVR), 75
Equipment malfunction, 69
ERAS. See Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS)
EUROVENT study, 76
EUS. See Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)
F
FEV1. See Forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1)
Fine-needle aspiration (FNA), 71
Fluid management, 23
Fluorescence imaging, 120
Fluoroscopy, 111
FNA. See Fine-needle aspiration (FNA)
Foley catheter, 28
Fused fissure, 67
FVC. See Forced vital capacity (FVC)
H
Haller index, 115
Health information technology (HIT), 29
Health-related quality of life (HRQOL), 1
Hilar structures, 3
HIT. See Health information technology (HIT)
HRQOL. See Health-related quality of life (HRQOL)
Hypercapnia, 147
Hypoxia, 147
I
Iatrogenic chylothorax, 107
IBV. See Intrabronchial valve (IBV)
ICG. See Indocyanine green (ICG)
Immunosurveillance, 6
Indocyanine green (ICG), 120
Induction therapy, 125
Intrabronchial valve (IBV), 75
L
LAM. See Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM)
Left upper lobe, uniportal VATS segmentectomy
Left upper VATS lobectomy, 34
Lewis, Ralph, 3
LLV. See Lower lobe vein (LLV)
LMB. See Left main bronchus (LMB)
LMPA. See Left main pulmonary artery (LMPA)
Lobectomy
robotic. See Robotic lobectomy
VATS. See VATS lobectomy
Lower lobe vein (LLV), 140
Lung movements, 148
Lymphadenectomy, 140
Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM), 107
M
Magnetic mini-mover procedure (3MP), 116
Mediastinal lymphadenopathy, diagnosis of, 152
Mediastinal lymph node dissection (MLND), 37
complications during, 70
by VATS. See VATS mediastinal lymph node dissection
Mediastinoscopy, 123
Medical thoracoscopy (MT), 163
anesthesia for, 165
and chest drainage, 167
documentation, 167
inspection, 166
patient positioning, 166
and pneumothorax, 166
talc insufflation at, 167
Medium lobe vein (MLV), 140
MG. See Myasthenia gravis (MG)
Mild bleeding, 68
Minimally invasive thoracic surgery (MITS). See also Video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS)
benefits of, 1
defined, 1
evolution of, 7
future use of, 2
goals, 28
historical overview of, 3
MLND. See Mediastinal lymph node dissection (MLND)
MLV. See Medium lobe vein (MLV)
Morbidity, VATS pneumonectomy, 43
3MP. See Magnetic mini-mover procedure (3MP)
MRI. See Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
MT. See Medical thoracoscopy (MT)
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, inspection of, 152
N
Nasogastric tube placement, 28
National Health Service, 17
Natural killer (NK) cells, 6
Natural orifice surgery, 9
Near-infrared (NIR) imaging, 120
Nerve compression, 101
NETT. See National Emphysema Treatment Trial (NETT)
NIR imaging. See Near-infrared (NIR) imaging
NK cells. See Natural killer (NK) cells
Nonintubated VATS
awake technique, 146
conversion to intubated VATS, 148
preparation for, 146
sedation usage, 146
types of, 145
Non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), 53
NOTES. See Natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES)
NSCLC. See Non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC)
nVATS. See Needlescopic VATS (nVATS)
O
Open lobectomy, VATS lobectomy vs., 41
Open pneumonectomy, VATS pneumonectomy vs., 44
Open thoracotomy, VATS vs., 1
P
PA. See Pulmonary artery (PA)
Paget–Schroetter syndrome, 104
PAL. See Prolonged air leak (PAL)
Paraesthesia, 101
Passive drainage, 159
Patient-controlled analgesia (PCA), 24
PCA. See Patient-controlled analgesia (PCA)
PEEP. See Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP)
PET. See Positron emission tomography (PET)
PET-CT scan. See Positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) scan
Pharmacotherapy, 10
Pneumonectomy, VATS. See VATS pneumonectomy
Polymeric lung volume reduction, 81
Positron emission tomography (PET), 71
Positron emission tomography–computed tomography (PET-CT) scan, 123
Posterior segmental artery/vein
Pulmonary function, 27
Pulmonary veins (PVs), 42
R
RATS. See Robot-assisted thoracic surgery (RATS)
Re-expansion, of collapsed lung, 147
RENEW trial, 79
Right upper lobe, uniportal VATS segmentectomy
Robotic lobectomy, 123
docking for, 123
evaluation of candidates for, 123
and induction therapy, 125
left lower, 125
preparation for, 123
results reported in series of, 127
right lower, 125
right upper, 124
sleeve/bronchoplastic technique, 126
wedge resection, 124
Robotic surgery, in anterior mediastinum, 119
S
Sarcoidosis, diagnosis of, 152
SBRT. See Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT)
SCAT. See Suction-compressing angiorrhaphy technique (SCAT)
incision placement, 57
indications, 57
left upper lobe, uniportal VATS. See Left upper lobe, uniportal VATS segmentectomy
patient positioning, 57
right upper lobe, uniportal VATS. See Reft upper lobe, uniportal VATS segmentectomy
SGRQ. See St George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ)
Single-port VATS. See Uniportal VATS
Sniff test, 111
SPN. See Solitary pulmonary nodule (SPN)
primary, uniportal VATS for treatment of, 143
Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT), 9
Supraclavicular approach, TOS surgery, 102
EBV therapy vs., 79
SVC. See Superior vena cava (SVC)
SXP. See Subxiphoid pericardial window (SXP)
Sympathectomy, uniportal VATS and, 143
T
Talc insufflation, at medical thoracoscopy, 167
TEMLA. See Transcervical extended mediastinal lymphadenectomy (TEMLA)
Thoracic epidural analgesia, 24
posterior approach, 102
supraclavicular approach, 102
surgical indications in, 102
Thoracoscopic adhesiolysis, 67
Thoracoscopic lobectomy. See VATS lobectomy
Thoracoscopy. See Pleuroscopy
posterior technique, 102
rib-spreading during, 5
sleeve lobectomy by, 47. See also VATS sleeve lobectomy
VATS and, similarity between, 6
Three-port strategy
VATS pericardial window, 96
Thymectomy. See VATS thymectomy
T1N0 NSCLC randomized trial, 10
Transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA), EBUS with. See EBUS-TBNA procedure
Transcervical extended mediastinal lymphadenectomy (TEMLA), 152
Transesophageal echocardiography, 24
Transthoracic needle aspiration (TTNA), 155
U
for interstitial lung disease, 143
for intrathoracic conditions, 144
left upper lobe segmentectomy. See Left upper lobe, uniportal VATS segmentectomy
lymphadenectomy, 140
material used in, 137
middle lobectomy, 140
for plication of diaphragm, 112
pneumonectomies, 141
for primary spontaneous pneumothorax treatment, 143
principles of, 143
right upper lobe segmentectomy. See Right upper lobe, uniportal VATS segmentectomy
and sympathectomy, 143
V
VATS. See Video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS)
VATS decortication, 86
incision placement, 54
outcomes of, 55
patient positioning, 53
patient selection, 53
technical challenges associated with, 53
contraindications, 31
defined, 5
description of, 31
indications, 31
left upper, 34
and levels of NK cells, 6
open lobectomy vs., 41
perioperative care, 10
and postoperative pain, 4
right lower. See Right lower VATS lobectomy
right middle. See Right middle VATS lobectomy
right upper. See Right upper VATS lobectomy
single-direction, 67
sleeve. See VATS sleeve lobectomy
surgical approaches for, 5
thoracotomy and, similarity between, 6
three-port strategy, 7
VATS pericardial window, 96
approaches, 95
indications, 95
natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery, 99
patient selection, 95
preoperative planning, 95
VATS pneumonectomy
benefits of, 41
complications after, 43
contraindications to, 41
defined, 41
open pneumonectomy vs., 44
operative techniques of. See Operative techniques, of VATS pneumonectomy
outcomes of, 44
patient selection for, 41
postoperative analgesia for, 42
preoperative evaluation for patients, 41
uniportal, 141
benefits of, 49
complications, 49
patient characteristics, 47
patient positioning, 47
postoperative care, 49
technique of, 47