Moorfields Manual of Ophthalmology Timothy L Jackson
INDEX
Note: Page numbers in bold or italic refer to tables & box or figures, respectively.
3rd nerve palsy 682–4
4th nerve palsy 685–7
6th nerve palsy 688–9
A
Aberrant facial nerve regeneration 39, 61
Aberrant nerve regeneration syndrome 35, 37
Aberrations, higher-order 179
Abetalipoproteinaemia 505, 558
Abrasion 180
Abscess 15, 42, 84, 87, 109, 747
formation 42
intracranial 108
Acanthamoeba 179, 202, 2079, 211, 212
cysts 212
keratitis 179, 208, 211, 211, 214, 244, 245
risk of 244
Acanthocytosis 558
Acetazolamide 128, 168, 240, 285, 294, 297, 304, 315, 342, 360, 718
Aciclovir 155, 204, 216, 380, 775
Acne 42, 717
rosacea 140, 143, 185
Acoustic neuroma 16, 35, 699
Accommodation and convergence
disorders 669, 670
weakness 669
Alphabet patterns 673, 674
Actinic keratosis 53, 53, 55, 70
Actinomyces 86, 86
Acute allergic reactions 151
Acute angle closure 313, 351, 367, 371, 753
Acute multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy 400, 407, 408, 477
Acute retinal necrosis 417, 418
Acute zonal occult outer retinopathy 407, 412, 485, 507
Acyclovir 37
Adalimumab 385, 386, 388, 391, 777
ADDE See Aqueous deficient dry eye
Adenoid cystic carcinoma 123
Adenovirus 35, 170, 202
Adhesions tear retina 594
Adie's tonic pupil 702
Adnexal lesions 46
Adduction, restricted 121
Aflibercept 516, 521, 525, 527, 531
Age-related macular degeneration 2, 3, 475, 479, 480, 504, 509, 523, 576
dry 509, 510
wet 511
AION See Anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy
Alagille's syndrome 645
Albendazole 634
Albinism 234, 488, 507, 563, 570, 571
Alkalis injury 167
Allergic conjunctivitis 26, 89, 144, 147, 151, 157, 170, 193
Allergic eye disease 193, 652
Allergic papillae 73
Allergic respiratory disease 553
Allergy 28, 60, 111, 163, 256, 314, 477
Alopecia 400
Alphabet patterns 673, 674
Alternating cover test 656
Altitudinal visual field defect 711
Amblyopia 40, 47, 63, 69, 118, 255, 508, 614, 627, 630, 648, 655, 659, 660, 679, 748
anisometropic 659
meridional 659
risk of 39, 40, 47, 690
sensitivity to detect 659
stimulus deprivation 659
therapy 662
Ametropic amblyopia 659
Amoebic keratitis 206
Amphotericin B 110, 431, 434
intraocular 434
AMPPE See Acute multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy
Ampullectomy, posterior 78
Amsler chart 781
Amyloidosis 188, 382
Anaesthesia
local 270
peribulbar 273
retrobulbar 273
sub-Tenon's 271
topical 270
Anaphylaxis 468, 469, 477, 758
Angina 572
Angiogram
fluorescein 468
indocyanine green 477
Angioid streaks 500, 505, 506, 507, 547, 558
Aniridia 101, 243, 362, 616, 643, 646
Anisocoria 693, 702, 703
abnormally large pupil 702
abnormally small pupil 7023
physiological 702
Anisometropia 627, 690
Anisometropic monovision 262
Ankyloblepharon 162
Ankylosing spondylitis 376, 422
Annulus, corneal 235
Anophthalmos 64, 100, 130, 652
Anorexia 448, 453
Anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy 2, 488, 699, 711, 714, 725, 745
Anterior segment dysgenesis 6436
Antimetabolite, subconjunctival injection of 342
Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody 8
Antiphospholipid syndrome 717
Anti-VEGF
agents 404, 409, 493
injections 493, 526, 528, 632
therapy 415, 525, 531, 546, 599
Anton's syndrome 744
Aortic regurgitation 396, 572
Aortitis 396, 572, 729
Aphakia, chronic unilateral 702
Aphakic silicone-filled eyes 357
Apixaban 301
Apocrine hidrocystoma 47, 48
Aponeurosis, posterior 40
Aponeurotic dehiscence 18, 39
Apraclonidine 285, 297, 304, 314, 354, 360, 775
Aqueous deficient dry eye 188
Aqueous jets 329
Aqueous leakage 176
Aqueous misdirection 333, 359
management of 361
Aqueous tap 431
Aqueous tear deficiency 177, 185, 188
Arachnodactyly 615
Arcus senilis 235, 236
Argyll Robertson pupil 396, 572, 702
Arterio-venous malformations 48, 118
Arterio-venous shunts 120
Arthritis
juvenile idiopathic 379, 422
reactive 376, 425
Arthropathy, premature 612
A-scan 178, 258, 259
Aspergillosis 107, 109
Aspergillus 109, 209, 434
fumigatus 209
Aspiration, bimanual 284
Asteroid 479
Astigmatism 47, 100, 174, 179, 234, 263, 690
paediatric 627
Ataxia telangiectasia 752
Atheroma 535
Atherosclerotic carotid artery 496
Atopy 72, 84, 144
Atrophy
midperipheral 563
patches of 483
Auditory meatus, external 35
Autofluorescence 468, 511, 525, 545
imaging 468, 482, 510
Autoimmune disorder 102, 731
Autosomal dominant 63, 222, 347, 465
inheritance 466, 467, 561
vitreoretinal choroidopathy 485
Autosomal recessive 465, 485, 557
bestrophinopathy 485
Axenfeld's anomaly 644, 645
Axenfeld's syndrome 644, 645
Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome 645
Axial length of 258, 259
Axillary vein 529
Azathioprine 105, 155, 163, 388, 390, 423
Azithromycin 140, 141, 149, 150, 366, 774
AZOOR See Acute zonal occult outer retinopathy
B
Bacterial keratitis 181, 195, 205, 206, 206, 245, 253
pneumococcal 206
Baerveldt shunt 337
Balint's syndrome 744
Band keratopathy 231, 231, 234, 422
Bandage contact lens 163, 165, 184, 185, 195, 219, 242, 244, 249
Bardet-Biedl syndrome 505, 558, 561
Basal cell carcinoma 15, 49, 53, 55
Basilar artery thrombosis 744
Bassen-Kornzweig syndrome 558
Batten's disease 505, 559, 650
B-cell lymphoma 121, 122, 444
BCL See Bandage contact lens 255
Behçet's disease 376, 382, 384, 392, 398, 399, 418, 717
Bell's palsy 35, 36, 69, 70, 185
Bell's phenomenon 20, 21, 36, 39, 62, 696
Bell's reflex 490
Best's disease 483, 485, 512, 565, 565, 567, 574, 583
Best's macular dystrophy 502, 510
Best's vitelliform macular dystrophy 485, 504, 565
Bestrophin gene 566
Bevacizumab 203, 349, 513, 517, 521, 527, 531, 777
intravitreal 639
Bielschowsky head-tilt test 657
Bietti's crystalline retinopathy 501
Bietti's keratopathy 233
Bimanual irrigation 276, 284
Binocular balance 256
Binocular single vision 654, 656, 671, 673, 678, 681
Bipolar cells 484
Birdshot chorioretinopathy 407, 410, 411, 500, 502
Bitemporal hemianopia, complete 711, 711, 762
Bitemporal bitemporal hemianopia 711
Bleb-related endophthalmitis 365, 365
Blepharitis 32, 42, 84, 89, 145, 171, 174, 205, 256, 423
anterior 138, 138
chronic 155, 366
posterior 138, 139, 139, 142
Blepharoconjunctivitis 42
Blepharokeratoconjunctivitis 139, 142, 204
Blepharophimosis-ptosis-epicanthus inversus syndrome 63
Blepharoplasty incision 61
Blepharospasm 16, 60, 61, 61, 255, 362, 754
essential 60
Blind spot, enlarged 406
Blood glucose, fasting 546
Blood-retinal barrier 434, 468, 580
Blowout fracture 94, 96, 126, 127
Blurred vision
acute painful 1
acute painless 2
gradual 3
Bony grafts 101
Bothnia dystrophy 563
Botulinum toxin 37, 38, 218, 662, 666, 777
A 29
diagnostic 688
injections 60, 61
Bowen's disease 53, 54, 55
Bowman's layer
corneal dystrophies of 222
Brainstem disease 706, 707
Branch retinal artery occlusion 537, 537, 548, 711
Branch retinal vein occlusion 470, 490, 523, 533, 533, 534, 583
BRE See Bleb-related endophthalmitis
Brown's syndrome 20, 656, 678, 678
left 678, 679, 680
BRVO See Branch retinal vein occlusion
Buccal mucosa 28, 30, 169
Buckle surgery 596
Bull's eye 569
lesions 569
maculopathy 505, 505, 559, 561, 579
pattern 345
Bullous retinal detachment, superior 594
Buphthalmos 231, 362, 459
C
Cactus syndrome 130
Calibration bar, of Goldmann tonometer 321, 322
Canalicular disease 79
Canalicular stenosis 73, 75
Canaliculitis 73, 75, 86, 86
Canaliculus 68, 74, 78
Candida 204, 209
albicans 210
endophthalmitis 434
Candlewax drippings 393
Capillary malformations 120
Capnocytophaga 207
Capsular block syndrome 310
Capsular distension syndrome 285
Capsular tension ring 290, 291
Capsule
formation 333
polishing 284
rupture, management of posterior 297
Capsulorrhexis 289, 292
continuous circular 276
Cardiac arrest 755
Cardiac emboli 704
Cardiorespiratory arrest 755
Carotico-cavernous fistula 103, 111, 120
Carotid aneurysm 542
Carotid artery
disease of 743
Doppler 535
Carotid cavernous fistula 744, 746, 746
Carotid disease 704
Carotid dissection 703, 704, 743
Carotid stenosis 498, 542
Carotid territory 743
Cataract 101, 118, 154, 249, 255, 256, 429, 520
congenital 628, 629
hypermature 616
infantile 628
secondary 392
traumatic 514
unilateral 629
Cataract surgery 255310
anterior capsule tears 301
basic surgical techniques 27587
biometry 25862
brunescent lens 290
corneal
decompensation 305
neuralgia 190
phaco burn 302
correction of presbyopia 268, 269
cystoid macular oedema 306
decentred, subluxed, or unstable intraocular lens 305
diabetes 294
difficult cases 28894
discontinuous capsulorrhexis 301
elevated intraocular pressure 304
endophthalmitis 306
Femtosecond laser-assisted phacoemulsification surgery 290, 309, 310
Fuchs’ endothelial dystrophy 293
glaucoma 294
high myopia 292
indications for 255
intraoperative
complications 295303
floppy iris syndrome 294
iris prolapse 301
local anaesthesia 2703
management of astigmatism 26367
optometry and general practice guidelines 311, 312
posterior
capsular opacification 306
capsule tears 295
polar cataract 293
postoperative
complications 3048
iris prolapse 305
preoperative assessment 2557
refractive surprise 306
rhegmatogenous retinal detachment 305
shallow AC/hypermetropia 293
small pupil 288
suprachoroidal haemorrhage 299
uveitis 293
white cataracts 292
wound leak 304
zonular weakness/dehiscence 288
Cat-scratch fever 166, 498
Cavernous sinus disease 688
Cefazolin, intraoperative 82
Cellophane maculopathy 557, 601
Cellulitis 87, 96, 107, 133
Central areolar choroidal dystrophy 503, 569
Central scotoma 411, 579, 7113, 730, 736, 737
Central nervous system 3
Central retinal artery 273
occlusion 2, 218, 502, 502, 532, 535, 712
Central retinal vein occlusion 218, 496, 529, 530, 583, 714
Central serous
chorioretinopathy 472, 480, 494, 502, 512, 553
retinopathy 553
Central vestibular nystagmus 707
Cerebellar
disease 657, 697, 707, 732
haemangioblastoma 452
tests 697
Cerebral
achromatopsia 744
visual impairment 635, 649
Cerebrospinal fluid 2, 642
Cerebrovascular accident 2, 3, 535
Cerebrovascular disease 7435
Cervicitis 146, 149
Cervicothoracic neuroblastoma 703
Chalazion 42, 42, 52, 70, 139, 142
medical management 43
surgical management 43
Chandler's syndrome 646
Charles-Bonnet syndrome 511
Chediak-Higashi syndrome 570
Chemosis 103, 135, 146
conjunctival 22, 428
Cherry-red spot at the macula 502, 535, 542
Chickenpox 217, 422
Chlamydia 144, 641, 642
coinfection 641
trachomatis 641
Chloroquine 236, 504, 561, 578
retinopathy 511, 579
Chlorpromazine 236, 580, 581
Chop
horizontal 281, 282, 292
primary 282
Chorioretinal lesions 392, 393
Choristoma 99
Choroidal detachment 359, 428, 452, 594
Choroidal effusion 333
idiopathic 610
Choroidal folds 428, 505, 507
Choroidal inflammation 413, 554
Choroidal mass 610
Choroidal melanoma 421, 441, 446, 449, 455, 455
B-mode ultrasound of 457
large 455
Choroidal metastasis 453, 454, 463
Choroidal naevi
high-risk 450, 464
low-risk 450
Choroidal naevus 449, 449
malignant transformation of 449
Choroidal neovascularisation 404, 407, 409, 411, 415, 451, 475, 476, 499
Choroidal rupture 500, 618, 619
Choroidal transit times intact 472
Choroideremia 557, 563, 563, 581
Choroidopathy, geographic 413
CHRPE See congenital hypertrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium
Chronic progressive external ophthalmology 750
Cicatricial ectropion 25
Ciclosporin 105, 141, 197, 388, 423
Ciliary body band 335
Ciliary effusions 368
Cionni ring 290
Ciprofloxacin 366, 432
Cisplatin 124
Clear corneal phaco surgery, Nichamin nomogram for 265, 266
Climatic droplet keratopathy 233, 233
Clindamycin 44, 108, 415, 774
Climatic droplet keratopathy 233
Closed angle glaucoma
with pupil block 351
without pupil block 351
Clover-leaf field 323
CMO See Cystoid macular oedema
Coats’ disease 460, 500, 501, 551, 628, 632, 632
Cobblestone papillae 152, 152, 155
Cogan's dystrophy 221
Cogan's lid 682
Cogan's syndrome 202
Cogan's twitch 19
Cogan-Reese syndrome 446, 447
Collagen cross-linking 193
Collagen vascular disease 730, 734
Collar-stud appearance 455
Coloboma 100, 118, 643
Colour vision 19, 93, 103, 493, 693, 695, 704, 709
Commotio retinae 617
Compressive optic neuropathy 734, 735
Concomitant strabismus 668
Condensing lenses 574
Cone dystrophy 503, 507, 561, 574, 579
Confrontation visual field 704, 717, 734
testing 694
Congenital central corneal opacity 645
Congenital hereditary endothelial dystrophy 225, 226, 231, 362
Congenital hypertrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium (CHRPE) 449, 451, 464
Conjunctiva
tarsal scarring 150, 155
Conjunctival cicatricial disease 32, 188
Conjunctival keratinisation 165
Conjunctival laceration 241
Conjunctival melanoma, hyperpigmented 441
Conjunctival microcysts 332
Conjunctival naevus 439
Conjunctival papilloma 437
Conjunctival scar formation 148
Conjunctival surgery 273
Conjunctival swelling 135
Conjunctival thinning 329
Conjunctival tumours 43745
Conjunctivitis 26, 73, 84, 166, 170, 253, 362, 396, 435, 572
acute allergic 147, 151
acute non-specific follicular 146
bacterial 144, 144, 147, 170
chlamydial 149, 171
chronic 31, 162
of newborn 641, 642
Parinaud's 166
perennial allergic 151
pigmented tumours 437, 439
pseudomonas 144, 145, 170
recurrent 71, 89, 652
seasonal allergic 151
toxic 158
viral 135, 170
Contact hypersensitivity 151, 158, 158
Contact lens 145, 170, 174, 243
associated red eye 246
rigid 244
soft toric lens 267
therapeutic 191
wear
chronic 39
complications of 245
with papillary conjunctivitis 151, 156, 247
Convergent squint, early-onset 664
Copper wiring 538
Cornea
abrasions 177, 183, 241, 246
acanthamoeba keratitis 211, 212
anatomy 173
anterior segment trauma 241, 242
bacterial keratitis 2068
band keratopathy 231, 232
contact lenses 2438
corneal degeneration and deposits 2337
corneal dystrophies 2218
corneal graft rejection 23840
corenal (oedema) 231, 309, 353, 362
degenerations and deposits 2337
dry eye 18891
dystrophies 2218
ectasias 194
enlarged 362
epithelial oedema 221
foreign bodies 1802
fungal keratitis 209, 210
graft rejection 23840
herpes
simplex keratitis 2136
zoster ophthalmicus 2179
history and examination 174, 175
interstitial keratitis 2023
investigations 1769
keratoconus 1926
laser refractive surgery 24952
marginal keratitis 205
neuropathic pain 190
ophthalmic shingles 2179
optometry and general practice guidelines 253
peripheral corneal ulceration 197201
persistent epithelial defect 1857
phlyctenulosis 204
pterygium 229, 230
recurrent corneal erosion 183, 184
subepithelial cysts 183
subepithelial infiltrates 146, 147
subepithelial rejection 238
subepithelial ridges 221
Thygeson's keratitis 220
Corneal abrasion 177, 180, 241, 246, 590
Corneal cross-linking 195, 208
Corneal damage 168, 176
Corneal degenerations and deposits 233, 235
Corneal disease 102, 143, 183
chronic 371
Corneal dystrophies 221, 231
posterior 225
Corneal erosion, recurrent 183, 183
Corneal farinata 236
Corneal foreign body 73
removal of superficial 182
with rust ring 181
Corneal glue, applying 186
Corneal graft rejection, endothelial 239
Corneal incision, three-step 275
Corneal infiltrative events 205, 207, 245, 253
Corneal keratinisation 162
Corneal laceration 241
Corneal opacity 174
Corneal reflections 656
Corneal scarring 146, 150, 163, 220, 268
Corneal scrape 207, 253, 430
Corneal sensation, reduced 60, 69, 198
Corneal stroma 175, 202, 223
Corneal subepithelial infiltrates 148
symptomatic 148
Corneal thickness, central 173
Corneal thinning 174, 176, 214
differential diagnosis of peripheral 198
Corneal topography 178, 179, 192, 193, 257, 260
Corneal transplant surgery 194, 253
Corneal ulcer 187, 197
dendritic 213, 435
small punched-out 187
Corneal warpage 244, 248
Corneolimbal dermoid 100
Corneoscleral junction 222, 320
Corrugator muscles 60
Cortical clean up 282, 283
Cortical inhibition 654
Cortical removal 290, 306
Corticosteroids 385
baseline tests 386
intralesional, for haemangioma 118
intralesional injection, for sarcoid granuloma 52
orbital floor injection 387
side effects 386
steroid pressure response 351
Cotton wool spots 419, 421, 424, 498, 520, 538
Cover-uncover test 656
Coxsackievirus 35, 147
Cracking nucleus 281
Cranial nerve
fourth nerve palsy 6857
sixth nerve palsy 6889
third nerve palsy 6824
Craniofacial abnormalities 673
Craniomaxillofacial trauma, diffuse 128
Crocodile tears 72
CRVO See Central retinal vein occlusion
Cryobuckle 596, 597
Cryotherapy 32, 33, 53, 438, 444, 592
Cryptophthalmos 64
Crystalline dystrophy, central 225
Cushing's syndrome 554
Cutaneous rosacea 142
Cyanoacrylate glue 37, 620
Cyclophosphamide 122, 388, 390, 777
Cystoid macular oedema 257, 293, 302, 306, 309, 374, 375, 379, 384, 404, 475
Cytomegalovirus 35, 113, 417, 423
retinitis 419, 419
Cytotoxic lymphocytes 239
D
Dacryoadenitis 39, 44, 113, 113, 124
chronic 44
non-resolving 124
Dacryocystitis 7173, 89
acute 75, 87, 87
recurrent 84
Dacryocystogram 75, 85, 88
Dacryocystorhinostomy 38, 68, 7982, 87
endonasal 81
external 79
mucosal flaps 80
rhinostomy 80
Dacryoscintigraphy 75, 77
Dalen-Fuchs nodules 384, 402
OCT of 402
Daltonism 695, 696
Danazol 717
DCG See Dacryocystogram
DCR See Dacryocystorhinostomy
Deafness, congenital 557, 558
Deep stromal opacity 247
Deferoxamine 580
Dellen 189, 200, 201
Demyelinating 7302
Dendrites 217
Dental malocclusion 126
Depo-medrone 52, 118, 385, 387
Dermatochalasis 21, 39, 71
Dermis-fat graft 129
Dermoid cysts 98
Dermolipoma 99, 99
Descemet's membrane 175, 194, 206, 214, 225, 235, 363, 646
endothelial keratoplasty 238
Descemet's stripping
automated endothelial keratoplasty 238
endothelial keratoplasty 238
Desferrioxamine 580
Devic's spectrum 731
Dexamethasone
implant 386, 527, 531, 552
Diabetes Control and Complications Trial 521
Diabetes mellitus 311, 465, 496, 497, 502, 599
adult-onset 569
persistent vitreous haemorrhage 599
Diabetic cystoid macular oedema 521
optical coherence tomography of 503
Diabetic papillopathy 715
Diabetic retinopathy 268, 307, 491, 498, 520, 521, 527
advanced 520
and pregnancy 528
classification 524
Clinical Research Network 521
maculopathy 520
nonproliferative 520, 523, 525
proliferative 491, 497, 520, 523, 599
severe 595
tractional retinal detachment 600
Diabetic papillopathy 715
Diabetic Retinopathy Study 521
Diabetic Vitrectomy Study 599
vitreoretinal surgery 599, 600
Differential diagnoses 496508
Dilute fluorescein 176, 177, 189
Dimple veil 247
Diplopia 39, 60, 93, 102, 243, 653, 761
horizontal 669, 672
life-threatening causes of 8
risk of 40
subsequent 659
Disciform keratitis 213, 215
Disciform lesion 214, 609
Disciform scar 512
longstanding 516
Discoid lupus erythematosus 44
Distichiasis 32, 34, 34, 64, 73
clinical features 34
DMEK See Descemet's membrane endothelial keratoplasty
Dorsal midbrain syndrome 707
Double vision
causes of 7
Down's syndrome 192, 194, 627, 629
Doyne's honeycomb choroiditis 569
Doyne's macular dystrophy 501
Dresden protocol 195
Dropped nucleus 257
Drusen 480, 501
age-related 483
DSAEK See Descemet's stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty
DSEK See Descemet's stripping endothelial keratoplasty
Duane's syndrome 656, 675, 677
bilateral type 1 676
classification of 675
Dumb-Bell configuration 98
Dural sinus
occlusion 718
thrombosis 717, 718, 744
Duverney muscle 12
Dysaesthesia, corneal 190
Dysautonomia, familial 501
Dysgenesis, anterior segment 325, 362, 629, 643, 644
Dystonia, focal 60
Dystrophy
Groenouw type II 225
Pattern dystrophy 483, 502, 567, 567, 750
E
Eales’ disease 496, 497, 501, 523, 550, 550, 551
Ear malformations 675
Ecchymosis 127, 257
Eccrine cysts 47
Ectopia lentis 615
differential diagnosis of 615
Ectropion 14, 21, 60, 67, 74, 129, 349
EDE See Evaporative dry eye
Egg-yolk macula 565
Ehlers-Danlos’ syndrome 192, 505, 616
EKC See Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis
Electrodiagnostic testing 484
Electrophysiology 4848
Electrolysis 28, 32
Electroretinogram 411, 580, 737
full-field 484
pattern 484
tracings 487
Elschnig's spots 538
Embryotoxon
anterior 235
posterior 362, 643, 644
Empty sella 718
Enantiomorphs 179
Endophthalmitis 131, 145, 206, 242, 299, 306, 327, 342, 430, 597
acute postoperative 432
endogenous 433
exogenous postoperative 430
infectious 257
risk of postoperative 275
Endophthalmitis Vitrectomy Study 433
Endotheliitis 214, 215
English National Diabetic Eye Screening Programme Grading Criteria 524
Entropion 28, 65, 69, 73, 150, 256
Enucleation 39, 131, 349, 448
Enucleation and evisceration 131, 132
Epiblepharon 64, 65
Epibulbar dermoid 100
Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis 146
Epidermal growth factor receptor 56
Epidermoid cyst 45, 46, 98
Epididymitis 149
Epi-LASIK 251
Epiphora 21, 28, 31, 38, 68, 718, 84, 86
management of 77
troublesome 89
watery eye 718, 84
Epiretinal membrane 382, 384, 414, 479, 501, 503, 552, 601, 601, 602, 605
Episclera 175, 217, 441
Episcleral plaque brachytherapy 457
Episcleritis 142, 396, 426, 429
Epithelial basement membrane dystrophy 183, 221, 221
Epithelial corneal dystrophies, predominantly 221
Epithelial defects 168, 169, 183
Epithelial dystrophy, juvenile familial 222
Epithelial erosions 156, 223, 224
Epithelial HSV 213, 215
Epithelial lesions 45
Epitheliopathy 246
Epstein-Barr syndrome 113
Erythema multiforme
major 160
minor 159
nodosum and pustules 398
Esophoria 655, 675
Esotropia 661
consecutive 672
constant 661, 663
convergence excess 661, 662, 664
cyclic 661, 664
distance 661, 663, 664
fully accommodative 661
infantile 661, 663
late-onset 661, 664
near 661, 664
partially accommodative 661
primary 661
secondary 662
Estermann driving fields 559
Evaporative dry eye 188
Evisceration 132, 210, 620
Eyelash loss 51
Ewing's sarcomas 125
Excimer laser refractive procedures 252
efficacy of 250
safety of 250
Exophoria 655, 675
Exophthalmometry 94, 126
Exophytic conjunctival granuloma 52
Exotropia 627, 656, 665
consecutive 663, 665
constant primary 665
distance 665, 666
early-onset 665
near 665, 666
non-specific 665
primary 665
secondary 665, 666
Extraocular muscle 96, 102, 111, 115, 241, 653
enlargement 113
actions of 653, 654
Exudates, macula 501, 541
Eye
acute, seasonal, and perennial allergic conjuctivis 151
adenoviral keratoconjunctivitis 1468
anterior blepharitis 138
atopic keratoconjunctivitis 155
axial length of 258, 259
bacterial conjunctivitis 144, 145
chemical injury 1679
chlamydial conjunctivitis 149, 150
conjunctival anatomy 1357
contact lens-associated papillary conjunctivitis 156, 157
discomfort, causes of 5
drop toxicity 158
erythema multiforme 15961
movements 656
ocular mucous membrane pemphigoid 162, 163
ocular rosacea 142, 143
optometry and general practice guidelines 170, 171
pain
constant 6
severe 6
poking 650
posterior blepharitis 13941
red 4
spring catarrh 1524
Stevens-Johnson syndrome 15961
subconjunctival haemorrhage 164
superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis 165
vernal keratoconjunctivitis 1524
with loss of vision 1
Eye disease, external 135171
Eyelashes 14
follicles 32
loss of 396, 572
vertical orientation of 65
Eyelid 11, 57, 69, 73, 91, 102, 142, 146, 167, 217, 256
anatomy revision 114
blood supply 11
canthal (palpebral) tendons 13
grey line 14
lower lid retractors 14
lymphatic drainage 11
orbicularis muscle 12
orbital septum 13
pigmented lesions 48
palpebral fascia 13
plexiform neuroma 51
sensory innervation 12
superior transverse ligament 14
surface anatomy 11
tarsal plates 12
upper lid retractors 14
Whitnall's ligament 14
adnexal lesions 46
benign lesions 4552
coloboma 63
upper 64
contour 18, 188
congenital disease 635
descent, delayed 18
disease
acute 205
significant 42
dermolipoma 64
deformities 161
eczema 155
epithelial lesions 45
eversion 19
excision, full-thickness 32
height, abnormal 16
differential diagnosis 16
hygiene 75, 138, 140, 190, 204, 641
injury 66, 617
laceration 66
lateral canthus of 56
laxity 73
age-related 26
horizontal 26
lesions 15
differential diagnosis 15
malignant disease, primary 53
margin 66, 155, 765
disease 32, 42, 73, 174, 185, 188
erythema 138, 138
ulceration, focal 138
necrotising fasciitis 44
neural lesions 51
neurofibroma 51
neoplastic lesions 539
pigmented lesions 48
sensory innervation of 12
surgery 105, 106
swellings
adults 17
children 17
differential diagnosis 17
trauma 668
general principles of repair 66
specific injuries 67
varix 50
vascular lesions 47
xanthomatous lesions 49
F
Fabry's disease 236, 501
Facial dystonia 602
Facial nerve palsy 21, 35, 36, 188
idiopathic 35
Facial pain, atypical 720
Facial synkineses 37
Facioscapulohumeral dystrophy 500
Factitious disorder 72
Familial exudative vitreoretinopathy 496, 612, 613, 632, 639
Family history
taking 4657
drawing 466
Fascia lata 337
autogenous 37, 40, 63
FAZ See foveal avascular zone
Femto-phakoemulsification 309, 310
Femtosecond laser 249, 251
assisted phacoemulsification surgery 309
capsulorrhexis 309
Femtosecond nucleus fragmentation 310
Ferry's line 236
FEVR See Familial exudative vitreoretinopathy
Fibrinoid uveitis 209
Fibrosis 480, 493, 512
Fingolimod 503, 577
Fingolimod-associated oedema 577
Fish-eye syndrome 234
Fistula, blockage of 333
Fleischer ring 192, 235
Floaterectomy 587
Floaters 587
Floppy eyelid syndrome 16, 26, 26, 27, 31, 70
treatment 27
Floppy iris syndrome 255, 294
Fluid
intraretinal 480
Fluorescein 69, 136
angiograms 411, 478, 491, 494, 525, 529
angiography 377, 383, 401, 408, 411, 411, 415, 429, 453, 468, 470, 477, 503, 512, 519, 541, 559
disappearance test 73
staining ulcer 214, 253
Focimetry 258, 259
Follicles 136, 136, 150
Forced-duction test 678
Forceps capsulorrhexis 277
Foreign body 129
intraocular 5, 376, 421, 619, 621
nonmetallic 698
sensation 5, 102, 139, 155
Forniceal conjunctival choristomas 63
Fortification
spectra 723
teichopsia 723
Four-mirror lenses 319
Fourth nerve palsy 6857
Foveal avascular zone 544, 546
ischaemic 474
Foveal burn, risk of 490, 619
Franceschetti's syndrome 645
Frontonasal suture 98
Fuchs’ endothelial dystrophy 226, 227, 293
Fuchs’ heterochromic
cyclitis 379, 379, 422
iridocyclitis 496
Functional vision loss
adult 748
child 649
Fundus tumours, differential diagnosis of 49954
Fungal
endophthalmitis, endogenous 433
keratitis 208, 209, 209
orbital infection, invasive 109
Furrow degeneration 200
G
Gadolinium contrast 699
Galactosaemia 629
Ganciclovir 420, 775
Gardner's syndrome 450
Gaze evoked nystagmus 706, 732
GCD See Granular corneal dystrophy
GDD See Glaucoma drainage devices
Genital anomalies 643
Genital ulcers 398
Geographic atrophy 480, 483, 504, 507, 509, 510, 511
geographic choroidopathy 413
Ghost cell 355, 356, 421, 609
glaucoma 357, 421
Giant cell arteritis 472, 535, 537, 542, 682, 688, 704, 721, 727, 754
Giant papillae 136
Giant papillary conjunctivitis 156, 156, 247
Gilenya 503, 577
Glaucoma 50, 60, 101, 249, 294, 313
advanced 294, 327, 336
angle closure 170, 294, 313
aphakic 313, 362, 630
aqueous misdirection 359, 360
bleb-related infection 365, 366
congenital 313, 336, 362, 616, 645
drainage device 349, 356, 363
drainage implants 337, 338, 338
early complications 337
late complications 337
filtering surgery 365, 747
gonioscopy 319, 320
hemifield test 323
history 287, 316
infantile 643
interpreting humphrey visual field tests 323, 324
intraocular pressure 321, 322
malignant 304, 333, 359, 360
medications 158, 162, 334
minimally invasive glaucoma surgery 33942
neovascular 349, 350, 357, 457
normal pressure 326, 343, 344, 711
OCT interpretation 318
optic disc examination 317, 318
optometry and general practice guidelines 371, 372
phacolytic 367
phacomorphic 367
pharmacology of intraocular pressure 3135
pigment dispersion syndrome 347, 348
primary open-angle 313, 325, 343
postoperative care 332
primary angle closure 36770
primary congenital 362
primary open angle 313, 325, 326
examination 325
investigations 325
pseudoexfoliative 345
pseudoexfoliation syndrome 345, 346
risk factors for 355
rubeotic 551
secondary 299, 313, 646
secondary open-angle 351
selective laser trabeculoplasty 334, 335
steroid pressure response 351, 352
surgery 255, 358
surgical technique 327
anaesthesia 327
consent 327
preoperative eyedrops 327
therapy 73, 336
trabeculectomy 32731
trans-scleral cyclodiode laser treatment 336
traumatic 355, 356
treat 531
types of 313
uveitic 334, 336, 351, 377
vitreoretinal surgery 357, 358
Glaucoma hyphaema syndrome 305
Glioma 740, 741
malignant 740
Glue 118, 169, 197
application of 187
direct application of 187
Goblet cells 71, 135, 169
Goldenhar's syndrome 64, 99, 100, 229, 675
Goldmann field test, spiral field on 749
Goldmann lens 319
Goldmann tonometer 321, 321
Gonioscopy 235, 241, 319, 320, 325, 335, 343, 363
Granular corneal dystrophy 222, 224
Granular dystrophy 220, 224
classic 224
Granular macular changes 579
Granuloma 22, 43
choroidal 402
conjunctival 42, 52
formation, peripheral 634
Graves’ disease 103
Greenstick’ fracture 126
Guillain-Barré syndrome 8
Guttata 226
Gyrate atrophy 559, 563, 581
H
Haab's striae 362, 363
HAART See highly active antiretroviral therapy
Haemangioma 15, 84, 117, 117
capillary 17, 47, 48, 443
cavernous 118, 540
choroidal 452, 453, 453, 494
Haemophilus influenzae 107
Haemorrhage 13, 93, 118, 128, 146, 180, 273
choroidal 304, 359, 597
conjunctival 514
diabetic vitreous 609
intraretinal 497, 520
severe 419
Haemosiderin 236, 451
Hang-up in down gaze 19
Hard exudates 518, 519, 523
Hassall Henle bodies 226
Head posture, abnormal 655, 671, 675, 678
Headache 609, 669, 682, 693, 720
chronic daily 720
cluster 703, 722
facial pain 7202
low pressure 721
Hearing defects 675
Helicobacter pylori 553
Hemianopia 709, 711, 743
inferior altitudinal 711
Hemianopia, transient homonymous 744
Hemifacial spasm 60, 61, 754
Herbert's pits 150, 150
Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia 120
Hereditary vitreoretinal degenerations 6124
Hereditary optic neuropathy 737, 738
Hering's law 671, 672, 686
Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome 570
Herpes keratitis 234, 314
Herpes simplex virus 155, 159, 198, 202, 203, 209, 217, 375, 379, 417
keratitis 213
Herpes virus 58
retinitis 419
Herpes zoster 117, 202
ophthalmicus 198, 202, 203, 217, 217, 379, 424
oticus 35
Hess chart 95, 126, 671, 672, 679, 681, 683, 683, 686, 688, 689
Heterochromia 421, 693, 703
Heterophoria 655, 668, 669
Hexafluoroethane 596
High myopia 94, 243, 288, 292, 357, 451, 612, 616, 622
Highly active antiretroviral therapy 423
Histo-spots 404
History and examination 693
HIV
retinopathy 419, 424, 424
Holmes-Adie syndrome 702
Homocystinuria 288, 559, 615
Homonymous hemianopia 694, 709, 709
Homonymous hemianopia, transient 744
Horizontal strabismus, angle of 673
Horner's muscle 12
Horner's syndrome 16, 19, 39, 40, 702, 703, 720, 722, 743, 754
congenital 39, 703
diagnosis of 703
Hotz procedure 65
HSV See Herpes simplex virus
HSVK See Herpes simplex virus keratitis
Hudson-Stähli line 236
Human immunodeficiency virus see HIV
HURON study 385
Hydrocortisone 140, 153, 155, 158, 758
Hydrodissection 221, 271, 277, 278, 278
cannula 277
Hydrogel 184, 243
Hydrophilic implants 101
Hydrops 194
acute 195
Hydroxychloroquine 505, 561, 578, 578
Hydrus 340
microstent, gonioscopic view of 341
Hyperaemia, conjunctival 135, 165, 170, 327, 353, 430
Hyperfluorescence 401, 408, 470, 475, 512, 541, 566
Hypermetropia 118, 243, 249, 252, 293, 505, 627, 661
Hyperphosphataemia 231
Hyperpigmented lesions, of iris 447
Hypertelorbitism 94
Hypertelorism 94, 645
Hypertension 496, 497, 500, 503, 529
benign intracranial 717
malignant 715
Hypertensive retinopathy 538, 539
Hypertensive uveitides 368
Hypertrophic subepithelial corneal degeneration, peripheral 234
Hypertropia 686
Hyperviscosity syndrome 497, 498, 501
Hyphaema 236, 241, 303, 355, 448
spontaneous 50, 459
Hypoperfusion, choriocapillary 408, 478
Hypopigmented lesions 447
Hypopyon 206, 206, 209, 353, 373, 376, 421, 430
Hypothyroidism 708
Hypotropia 16, 18, 39, 655, 678, 680, 682, 684
Hypovolaemia 81, 725
HZO See Herpes zoster ophthalmicus
I
Idiopathic intracranial hypertension 7179
Idiopathic polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy 451, 477, 494, 518, 519
Idiopathic telangiectasia See parafoveal telangiectasia
IGG4-related sclerosing inflammation 122
Immunofluorescence 28, 162
Immunoglobulin, intravenous 163
Immunosuppresive drugs 389, 390
Indirect laser system 490
Indirect ophthalmoscopy 585
Indocyanine green angiography 4778
Infantile cataract 62931
Infantile nystagmus syndrome 706
Inferior rectus entrapment 126
Inflammatory bowel disease 376, 382
Infliximab 388, 390, 777
Influenza B 35
Inherited disease 4657
IPCV See Idiopathic polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy
Interstitial keratitis 202, 396, 572, 643
causes of 202, 214
Intra-arterial neo-adjuvant chemotherapy 124
Intracorneal ring segments 193, 249
Intracranial hypertension, idiopathic 712, 713, 717
Intracranial pressure 8
raised 647, 688, 714, 717, 721, 753
Intradermal naevus 51
Intraepithelial neoplasia 53
Intraepithelial neoplasia, conjunctival 438, 438
Intraocular lens 194, 630
accommodating 269
implantation 255
insertion 271, 286, 422
toric 263, 264
Intraocular pressure 321
pharmacology of intraocular pressure lowering medications 3135
Intraocular tumour 428, 452, 496, 616
malignant 459
primary malignant 455
Intraretinal microvascular abnormalities 473, 520
Intravascular coils 118
Internuclear ophthalmoplegia 657, 732
Intravitreal antibiotic injection 431
Intravitreal injection
technique 514
Invasive fungal maxillary sinusitis, 109
IOL See Intraocular lens
IOP See intraocular pressure
Iridectomy 328, 330, 363, 769
Iridescent spots 547
Iridocorneal endothelial syndrome 179, 646, 646
Iridodialysis 319
Iridotomy, peripheral 300, 369
YAG laser 369
Iris 50, 180, 203, 241, 319
angiography 468
atrophy 351, 373, 376, 380, 646
essential 646
cyst 448
hooks 288, 289
melanoma 447, 448
metastasis 447, 448
naevus 447, 447
new vessels 349, 526
nodules 376, 394, 421
transillumination 345, 348, 570
peripheral 347
trauma 288, 294, 302, 304
vermiform movements of 702
Iris, hyperpigmented 447
Irvine-Gass syndrome 502, 552, 715
Ischaemia 414, 418, 551
choroidal 396, 503, 572, 727
peripheral 525, 530, 548, 550
Ishihara plates 727
Isotretinoin 717
IStent inject microstent, gonioscopic view of 341
Itchy eye See Eye
itchy 135, 158
J
Jaundice, cholestatic 108
Joint laxity 615
Jones I dye test 74
Jones II dye test 75
Juvenile neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis 559
Juvenile
X-linked retinoschisis 612, 614
Juxtafoveal telangiectasia 544
classification of 544
idiopathic 500, 500
K
Kaposi's sarcoma 58, 59, 118, 423, 443
conjunctival 424
Kasabach-Merritt syndrome 117
Kawasaki disease 166
Kayser-Fleischer ring 235
Kearns-Sayre syndrome 559, 750
Kenalog, intravitreal 386
Keratectomy
phototherapeutic 184, 222, 232, 236
superficial 184, 232, 234
Keratitic precipitates 238
Keratin-filled crater 45
Keratitis 26, 144, 155, 209
acanthamoeba 211
atypical bacterial 209
corneal stromal 213
deep-seated 208
exposure 60, 218
marginal 199, 205, 205, 253
neuroparalytic 185
neurotrophic 185, 217
phlyctenular 202, 203, 207
pseudomonal 206
sclerosing 153
superficial punctate 142, 149, 152, 213, 220
suppurative 209
Keratoacanthoma 15, 45, 45, 70
Keratoconjunctivitis 146
adenoviral 146, 147
atopic 151, 155
sicca 123
superior limbic 103, 165, 165
Keratoconus 192, 192, 193, 236, 615
posterior 644, 646
Keratoglobus 196, 196
Keratomalacia 185
Keratometer 252, 258
Keratometry 178, 258, 264
Keratoneuralgia 190
Keratopathy, lipid 142, 234, 234
Keratoplasty, penetrating 169, 186, 194, 210, 238
Keratoprosthesis 169
Khodadoust line 239
Klippel-Feil syndrome 675
KP See keratic precipitates
Krachmer spots 239
Krukenberg's spindle 347
L
Labial mucosal grafts 55
Labrador keratopathy 233
Lacquer crack 498, 499
Lacrimal crest, posterior 24
Lacrimal drainage
anatomy 72
tumours 88
Lacrimal fistula, congenital 84
Lacrimal gland function, reduced 188
Lacrimal gland carcinoma 123
Lacrimal gland tumours 123, 124
Lacrimal pump 12
failure 73, 75
Lacrimal sac 71, 89
abscess 75, 87
fistula, acquired 87
mass 73, 75, 84
mucocoele 17, 71, 73, 89
tumour 73, 75, 88
Lagophthalmos 19, 37, 103, 188
Laissez faire 44
Lamella cicatricial changes, anterior 21
Lamellar division 31
Lamellar keratoplasty 100, 194
LASEK See Laser subepithelial keratomileusis
Laser
general guidance 489
macroaneurysm 493
macular grid 490
panretinal photocoagulation 491
photodynamic therapy 494
retinal and macula 48949
Laser assisted in situ keratomileusis 249
Laser, for macroaneurysm 493
Laser iridotomy 368, 370
Laser, macular 490
Laser, panretinal photocoagulation 491
Laser peripheral iridoplasty 369
Laser retinopexy 591, 596
Laser, retinal 489
Laser subepithelial keratomileusis 249
Lash loss, localised 51
Lash malposition 73, 89
Lash ptosis 19, 26, 31
Lash-Globe contact 64
LASIK See Laser assisted in situ keratomileusis
Lateral tarsal strip 22, 23, 24, 29
Lateral rectus palsy 689
Lattice corneal dystrophy 223, 223
Lattice degeneration 589, 594, 623
Lattice granular dystrophy 224
Laurence-Moon-Bardet-Biedel syndrome 192
LCD See Lattice corneal dystrophy
Leber's congenital amaurosis 650, 706
Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy 651, 715, 730, 737
Left post-enucleation socket syndrome 129
Lens 168, 278
induced disease 255
interface, anterior 259
interface, posterior 259
trauma 356
Lentigo maligna 53, 54, 57
Leopard spot 453, 610, 611
Lester Jones’ canalicular bypass tube 83, 83
Leucocoria 459, 628, 628
causes of 629, 633
Leukaemia 111, 185, 421, 501, 523, 714
Levator dystrophy, congenital 18, 40
Levator function 18, 40, 63
Levator palpebrae
complex 67
superioris muscle 14
Levofloxacin 145, 149, 161, 170, 181
Lhermitte's symptom 730
Libido, loss of 708
Lichen planus 73
Lid See eyelid
Lidocaine 22, 43, 271, 332, 387
Limbal dermoid 64, 100
Limbal girdle of Vogt 237
Limbal ischaemia 168
Limbal papillae 153, 154
Limbal relaxing incision 260, 263, 264, 267
Limbal stem cell deficiency 643
Limbal stem cell transplant 169, 643
Lincoff's rules 595, 595
Lipofuscin 449, 463, 482
accumulation 482
Lisch nodules 447, 751
Lissamine green 177, 437
Lithium 717
Liver dysfunction 494
Local anaesthesia 270
Lotemax 426
Loteprednol 352
etabonate 151
Louis-Bar syndrome 752
Lowe syndrome 629
Lower facial clefting syndrome 64
Lower lid 54, 73
atony 35, 37
colobomata 64
ectropion 37, 39
elevation 37
retraction, true 106
tightening 37
Lower lid entropion 2830
classification 28
Low-flow vascular malformations 118
LTS See Lateral tarsal strip
Lutein 483, 510
Lyme disease 376, 397, 572
Lymecycline 43
Lymphadenopathy 144, 396, 572
Lymphangioma 125, 443
Lymphatic malformations 119
Lymphoid tissue 135
Lymphoma 15, 111, 121, 188, 384, 421, 443, 454
conjunctival 443
radiotherapy for 445
risk of 387
Lymphomatous deposits 58
Lymphoproliferative disease 115
M
Macroaneurysm 451, 473, 541
laser for 493
Mactel See Telangiectasia, juxtafoveal
Macula 474, 502
exudates 501, 541
Macular atrophy 503
causes of 566, 568, 574
Macular corneal dystrophy 225
Macular disease 323, 488, 567, 569
focal 485
Macular dystrophy 486, 576, 748
inherited 650
Macular grid laser 490, 491
Macular hole 479, 502, 551, 606, 607
impending 605
large full-thickness 607
Macular oedema 502, 521, 528, 533, 538
diabetic 480, 480, 520, 523
diffuse 491
Macular pigments, normal 483
Macular pucker 601
Macular star 503, 504, 538
Macular telangiectasia 503
OCT 545
type 2 501
Maculopathy 520, 526
classification of 520
Malaise 159, 170, 217
Malattia leventinese 501, 569
Mannitol 128, 301, 315
Map-dot-fingerprint dystrophy 183, 183, 184, 221
Marcus Gunn jaw-winking ptosis 19
Marfan's syndrome 288, 368, 615, 616, 743
Margin reflex distance 18
Marginal keratitis See Keratitis, marginal
Masquerade syndrome 376, 382, 400, 421, 428
Maternal infection 629
Maternally inherited 750
deafness 503, 569
diabetes 503, 569
Maxillary sinus disease 721
MCT See Medial canthal tendon
Medial canthal tendon 12, 17, 63, 67, 73, 84, 87
anterior limb of 84
Medial 127
orbital fracture
floor 126
lateral 127
medial 127
roof 127
Medial rectus myositis, CT of 115
Medical retina 465583
optometry and general practice guidelines 582, 583
Medically unexplained visual loss 748, 749
Meesmann's dystrophy 222, 222
Meibomian cysts 652
Meibomian gland 42, 71, 189
dysfunction 60, 138, 190
function 163
orifices 34, 135
prominent orifices 139
secretions 43
Meibomian keratoconjunctivitis 139
severe 143
Meige syndrome 60
Melanoma 57, 58, 421
amelanotic 455
diffuse 455
malignant 440
Membranous conjunctivitis 145, 146
Mendez ring 264
Ménière's disease 707
Meningioma 715, 734, 740, 742
Meningitis 145, 572, 718, 722
cryptococcal 425
Meretoja syndrome 223
Meridional amblyopia 659
Merkel cell
polyomavirus 58
tumour 15, 42, 58, 59
Mesenchymal tumour, malignant 125
Metastases 421
Metastatic bacterial endophthalmitis 425
Metastatic disease 58, 441, 457, 699
endophthalmitis 422, 430
fungal endophthalmitis 425
Methotrexate 163, 385, 389
Methylprednisolone 105, 128, 385, 429, 729
MEWDS See Multiple evanescent white dot syndrome
MGD See Meibomian gland dysfunction
Michel's transport medium 28
Microbial keratitis 206, 253
Microcystoid degeneration 588, 589
Microdendrites 218
Microesotropia 668
Micro-fat graft 129
Micropapillae 136, 153
Microphthalmos 94, 100, 130, 643
Microsporidia 202, 207
Microtropia 668
with identity 668
without identity 668
Midfacial segment pain 722
Migraine 9, 316, 682, 704, 722, 723, 743
ophthalmoplegic 723
MIGS See Minimally invasive glaucoma surgery
Miller-Fisher syndrome 8
Minimally invasive glaucoma surgery 339
Minocycline 717
Mitochondrial inheritance 466
Mitomycin-soaked sponge 330
Mixed tumour, malignant 123
Mohs’ surgery 55
Moll
gland of 42
large cyst of 48
Molluscum contagiosum 46, 46, 424
Monovision 268
Mooren's ulcer 185, 197, 199, 233
Morning glory disc 118
Morphoeiform 54
Mosaic (crocodile) shagreen 237
Motor nystagmus, congenital 706
Moxifloxacin 145, 149, 170, 181, 207, 432, 619
Moya moya 743
MRD See Margin reflex distance
Mucin
balls 246
deficiency 162, 188
Mucocoele 72, 75, 734
Mucormycosis 107, 109
Mucosal flaps 80
Mucous discharge 21, 28, 156
Mucous membrane grafts 64, 101, 186
Müller's muscle 14, 106
excision 38
Multifocal choroiditis 384, 392, 400, 404, 408
Multifocal electroretinogram 485, 578
Multifocal intraocular lenses 268
Multiple evanescent white dot syndrome 407, 411, 477
miscarriages 529
Multispot laser settings 492
Mumps 35, 113, 202
Munchausen's syndrome 748
Munson's sign 192, 192
Muscle fold 65
Myasthenia gravis 39, 40, 657
Mycobacteria 252
Mycobacterium 207, 209
Mycophenolate 105, 155, 163, 388
mofetil 388, 389
Mycoplasma 159
Mydrane 288, 294
Myelopathy 396, 572
Myogenic ptosis 39
Myokymia 61
Myopia 260, 292, 325, 405, 475, 627
correct 249, 627
high 292, 451, 499
pathological 503
progressive 363
pseudoesotropia in high 656
myopia 260, 292
Myopic maculopathy 507
Myotonic dystrophy 750
N
Naevus 439, 463, 750
conjunctival 439
flammeus 47, 49
of Ota 49, 441
strawberry 48
Nalidixic acid 717
Nanophthalmic eyes 359, 610
Nasal bridge 63
Nasal congestion 78, 151, 720
Nasal discharge 642, 721
Nasal mucosal grafts 55
Nasal obstruction 73, 721
Nasolacrimal duct 71
obstruction 71, 641
congenital 84, 85, 89
Nasolacrimal sac 89
Nd:YAG posterior capsulotomy 307, 308
Near fixation 655, 669
Necrotising fasciitis 44, 44
Necrotising interstitial keratitis 214
Needle capsulorrhexis 276
Neisseria 144
gonorrhoeae 641
Neovascular glaucoma 349
treatment algorithm 350
Nerve fibre layer infarcts 498
Neuralgia, corneal 190
Neuralgic facial pain 721
Neuroblastoma 125
Neurofibroma 52, 123, 751
Neurofibromatosis 51, 447, 751
Neuro-ophthalmology 693754
altitudinal defect 711
benign intracranial hypertension See idiopathic intracranial hypertension
bitemporal bitemporal hemianopia 711
central scotoma 411, 579, 7113, 730, 736, 737
hemianopia 709, 711
investigations 698701
optometry and general practice guidelines 753, 754
peripheral 712
quadrantanopia 709
systemic disease associations 7502
Neuroparalytic keratitis 185
Neuropathic pain syndrome 190
Neuropraxia 67, 126
Neuroprotection 344
Neuro-retinitis 374, 414, 572
Neurosyphilis 396, 572
Neurotrophic keratitis 185, 217
Neutrophilia 108, 387
Newcastle system 666
Night blindness See nyctalopia
Nocardia 207, 209, 252
Nocturnal hypoxia 26
Nodules, inflammatory 421, 448
Nonaccidental injury 67, 647, 647
Non-axial globe displacement 94, 125
Non-arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy 725, 726
Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma 421, 425
Nonmetallic foreign bodies 698
Nonpigmented guttata 226
Nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy 523, 525
Noonan's syndrome 645
Norrie's disease 496, 639
North Carolina macular dystrophy 501, 504, 569
Nucleus
cracking 281
dropped 257
posterior dislocation of 295
Nyctalopia 485, 557, 563, 580 649, 761
Nystagmus 226, 561, 650, 706
chronic jerk 707
convergence retraction 658, 707
downbeat 706
manifest latent 656
see-saw 707
upbeat 707
O
Occipital epilepsy 705, 723, 743
Occlusive contact lenses 243
Occult choroidal neovascular lesion 514
Ocriplasmin 605, 608
OCT See Optical coherence tomography
Ocular cicatricial pemphigoid 32, 145, 162
Ocular dermolipoma 64
Ocular histoplasmosis 384
syndrome 404
Ocular hypertension 148, 319, 326, 348
Ocular hypotony 610
Ocular ischaemic syndrome 421, 472, 496, 523, 529, 542, 743
Ocular lubricants 104, 190
Ocular melanocytosis 441, 442
Ocular motility 95, 128
disturbance 128
Ocular movements 675, 678
paralysis of 270
Ocular mucous membrane pemphigoid 31, 162, 185
Ocular oncology 43764
optometry and general practice guidelines 463, 464
retinoblastoma 45962
Ocular rosacea 138, 139, 142
Ocular surface 28, 275
damage 161, 189
disease 39, 60, 184, 209
squamous neoplasia 229, 438
staining 176
Oculoauriculovertebral dysplasia 229
Oculodermal melanocytosis 49, 441
Oculoglandular syndrome 166
Oculomotor nerve disease 39
Oculomotor palsy 396, 572
Oculoplastics 1170
examination 1820
history 157
optometry and general practice guidelines 6970
Ofloxacin 145, 170, 641
Omega 3, use of 190
OMMP See Ocular mucous membrane pemphigoid
Onchocerciasis 504
One-and-a-half syndrome 732
Open-globe injury 619
Ophthalmic artery 472, 542
occlusion 472
Ophthalmoplegia 116, 727, 730, 750
chronic progressive external 750
internuclear 657, 732
Ophthalmoplegic migraine 723
Ophthalmia neonatorum 641, 642
Ophthalmoscopy, indirect 585
Optic atrophy 203, 559, 651, 737
Optic disc 294, 325
atrophy 203, 559, 651, 737
drusen 318, 472
examination 317
nerve tumours 7402
neuritis 730
new vessels 476
pit 503, 554
swelling 400, 406, 529
Optic nerve 479, 730
disease 479, 484, 694, 699
glioma 734, 740, 741
head 325, 371, 725
blood flow 344
hypoplasia 650
meningioma 741
sheath meningioma 734
Optic neuritis 382, 396
demyelinating 730
retrobulbar 414, 425, 730, 748
severe 713
Optic Neuritis Treatment Trial 731
Optic neuropathy 102, 128
glaucomatous 326, 367
infiltrative 734, 735
inflammatory 734, 735
inherited 736
nutritional 736
progressive 325, 371
radiation 739
toxic 425, 736
traumatic 126, 128, 733
Optical coherence tomography
macular 479
Optical interferometry 258, 260
Optical low coherence reflectometry 177
Optometry and general practice guidelines 652
Oral doxycycline 43, 169, 184, 444
Oral ulcers, recurrent 398
Oral voriconazole 110, 212, 434
Orbit 91133
abscess 109
anatomical structures of 92
anatomy 913
bones of 91
B-cell lymphoma 121
cellulitis 44, 96, 10710, 108, 125
congenital disorders 98101
compartment syndrome 13
decompression 103, 105
examination 935
exenteration 57, 445
eye socket disorders 129, 130
foreign bodies 128
haematoma 127
history 935
idiopathic orbital inflammatory disease 111, 112
investigations 96, 97
inflammation 39
idiopathic 128
inflammatory disease, odiopathic 111, 115, 123
invasion, inferior 109
implants 101
lymphoproliferative disorders 121, 122
lymphatic malformation 120
lymphoma 121, 121, 444
optometry and general practice guidelines 133
orbital septum 97
enucleation and evisceration 131, 132
myositis 115
palpation 95
rhabdomyosarcoma 125
solitary fibrous tumour 125
superior orbital fissure syndrome 116
thyroid eye disease 1026
trauma 1268
varix 443
vascular lesions 11720
vascular lesions 117
arteriovenous shunts 120
classification 117
carticocavernous fistula 120
malformations 118
tumours 117
venous malformation 119
venous thrombosis 120
Orbital apex syndrome 116, 128
Orbital floor blowout fracture, CT of 127
fracture 126
injections 387
Orbital
lateral wall 127
Orbscan 177, 178
Organ-specific autoimmune disease 373
Orthoptic testing 682
OSSN See Ocular surface squamous neoplasia
Osteoporosis prophylaxis 729
Ota, naevus of 49, 441
Overwear syndrome 248
Ozurdex 385, 386, 527, 531
injection 532, 534
P
P. acnes See Propionibacterium acnes
PAC See Perennial allergic conjunctivitis
Pachychoroid 554
Pachymetry 177, 195
Paecilomyces spp 209
Paediatrics 625
history and examination 625, 626
nonaccidental injury 647, 648
optometry and general practice guidelines 652
prescribing glasses 627
reduced vision with normal examination 64951
Paget's disease 505, 734
Pain, corneal neuropathic 190
Painful orbital apex syndrome 110
Palpebral disease 152
Panretinal photocoagulation 491, 492, 521, 599, 711
Panuveitis 373, 386, 404, 424, 714
Papillae 135, 136, 144, 146
Papillitis 383, 425
Papilloedema 392, 503, 688, 714
causes of 718
pseudo 715
Papilloma 437
Papillopathy, diabetic 715
Papules 142, 159
Paraesthesia
periorbital 93
migrainous 723
Parafoveal telangiectasia 544
Paraproteinaemias 554
Parasympathetic dysfunction 702
Parinaud's conjunctivitis 166
Parinaud's syndrome 658, 707
Park's three-step test 657
Parkinson's disease 72, 657
Paroxysmal dysrhythmia 705
Pars planitis 374, 381, 382, 418, 496
PAS See Peripheral anterior synechiae
Pathergy test 398
Pattern dystrophy 567
PCEDs See Persistent corneal epithelial defects
PCF See Pharyngoconjunctival fever
PDT See photodynamic therapy
PED See pigment epithelial detachment
Pectus excavatum 615
Pellucid margin degeneration 194, 199
Pelvic inflammatory disease 149
Pemphigoid 73
Pendular nystagmus
acquired 706, 732
causes of 706
Penetrating ocular injury 617
Pentagon wedge excision 22, 24, 64
Perennial allergic conjunctivitis 151
Peribulbar block 273, 273, 273
Perineural infiltrates due to acanthamoeba 211, 211
Periocular dermatomyositis 44
Periodic alternating nystagmus 706, 707
Periorbital examination 95
Periorbital sensory loss 116, 126
Peripheral 712
Peripapillary oedema 402
Peripheral ulcerative keratitis 197, 218, 233
Peripheral vestibular nystagmus 707
Peristaltic pump 278
Perkins’ applanation tonometer 321, 362
Persistent corneal epithelial defects 183, 185
Persistent fetal vasculature 629, 633, 633
Persistent hyaloid artery 633
Persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous 368, 629, 633
Persistent vitreous haemorrhage 599
Peter's anomaly 644, 645
type II 645
PHACES syndrome 117
Phacoemulsification 278, 290
burn 293, 302
machines 278
surgery, complications of 304
techniques 279
Phaeochromocytoma 452, 751
Pharyngoconjunctival fever 146
Phenergan 469
Phenothiazines 580
Phenylephrine 288, 294, 333, 622, 776
Phlycten 142, 204
Phlyctenular keratitis 202, 203, 207
Photodynamic therapy 453, 494, 513, 556
Photodynamic Therapy 494
Photophobia 102, 146, 165, 174, 194, 245, 435
Photopsia 410, 580, 608, 622
Photorefractive keratectomy 249
PIC See punctate inner choroidopathy
Pigment dispersion syndrome 334, 347, 347
Pigment epithelial detachment 471, 502, 515, 566
Pigmentary retinopathy 396, 506, 572, 581, 750
Pigmented cells 586
Pigmented guttata 226
Pigmented naevi 48
Pingueculum 166, 166
Pituitary disease, symptoms of 708
Placido-based videokeratoscopy 178
Plaque brachytherapy 448, 453, 457
Plateau iris 313, 367
Platelet sequestration 117
Pleomorphic adenoma 17, 123
eyelid swelling 17
lacrimal gland tumour 123
Plexiform neuroma of eyelid 51
Plus disease 635, 637, 638
Plasminogen activator 377
Pneumatic retinopexy 596, 597
Pneumococcal corneal infiltrate 206
Pneumocystis choroiditis 425
Pneumonitis, chlamydial 642
POAG See Primary open angle glaucoma
POHS See Presumed ocular histoplasmosis syndrome
Poliosis 140, 140, 400
Polyangiitis 111, 113, 123, 747
granulomatous 111, 113
Polycythaemia 501
Polyposis, familial adenomatous 450
Polyps 89, 481, 518
Polythene patch 186, 187
application of 187
Poppers maculopathy 576
optical coherence tomography of 576
Port wine stain 47, 750
Posner-Schlossman syndrome 376
Post-enucleation socket syndrome 39, 129
Posterior
segment trauma 61721
vitreous detachment 586, 587
Posterior lamella cicatricial disease 31
Posterior lamella defects 55
Posterior polymorphous 231
corneal dystrophy 226, 227
uveitis 293, 378, 382, 384
management of 391
Posterior vitreous detachment 9, 382, 417, 586, 594
Post-herpetic neuralgia 219
Postural hypotension 744
Prednisolone 37, 105, 141, 240, 352, 429
Prefoveal operculum 606, 607
Pregnancy and breastfeeding 423, 469, 477
drug use in 443
Premalignant disease 53
Preretinal haemorrhage 471, 520
Presbyopia 268, 748
correction of 268
premature 424
Preseptal cellulitis 44, 87, 107, 107, 108
Presumed ocular histoplasmosis syndrome 384, 404
Primary acquired melanosis 440, 440
Primary eyelid malignant disease 53
Prisms 654, 662, 663, 655
PRK See Photorefractive keratectomy
Proctitis 149
Proliferative diabetic retinopathy 491, 497, 523, 599
Proliferative vitreoretinopathy 418, 594, 621
PRP See panretinal photocoagulation
Propionibacterium 207
acnes 430
spp 209
Proptosis 39, 93, 94, 121
Prosopagnosia 744
Prostatitis 149
Prosthetic heart valves 433
Proton beam radiotherapy 457
Pseudodendrites 146, 214
Pseudoexfolative glaucoma 345
Pseudoexfoliation syndrome 288, 345, 616
Pseudo-hypertelorbitism 94
Pseudo-hypopyon 459
Pseudomembrane 137, 137
Pseudomonal keratitis 206
Pseudomonas 144, 145, 170
Pseudopapilloedema 715
Pseudophakia 255311
Pseudophakic macular oedema 552
Pseudoptosis 16, 39
Pseudosquint 655
Pseudotumor cerebri 717
syndrome 744
Pseudoxanthoma elasticum 500, 505, 506
Psoriasis 185
Pterygium 229, 229
Ptosis 21, 39, 60, 111, 119, 128, 129, 683, 693, 703
aponeurosis disinsertion-type 20
bilateral 40, 750
congenital 39, 40
degrees of 63
involutional 40
lash 31
myogenic 39
PUK See Peripheral ulcerative keratitis
Punctal stenosis 21, 28, 75
Punctate inner choroidopathy 407, 410, 410, 500
Punctate keratitis 213
superficial 142, 149, 152, 220
Punctate keratopathy, superficial 140
Punctoplasty 22, 75, 78
Pupil 702
anisocoria 702
abnormally small 7023
abnormally large 702
block 304, 351, 357
close angle without 351
reverse 348
Purtscher's retinopathy 499
PVD See Posterior vitreous detachment
PVR See proliferative vitreoretinopathy
PXG See Pseudoexfolative glaucoma
PXS See Pseudoexfoliation syndrome
PXF See Pseudoexfoliation syndrome
Pyogenic granuloma 47, 50, 442, 442
Pyrimethamine 415
Q
Quadrantanopia
bitemporal superior 709, 711
superior homonymous 709, 710
Quinolone 145, 185, 774
antibiotic 181
R
RA See Rheumatoid arthritis
Racemose angioma 501, 501
Radiation therapy, primary 448
Ramsay Hunt syndrome 35, 36
Ranibizumab 349, 512, 517, 521, 527, 639
RAPD See Relative afferent pupillary defect
Raynaud's phenomenon 316, 343
RD See Retinal detachment
RDW See Retinal detachment warning
Reactive lymphoid hyperplasia 103, 121
Recurrent erosion syndrome 181, 183, 253
Red eye 4, 28, 144, 174, 362
causes of 4, 170
intermittent 21, 162
Reduced vision with normal examination 64951
Reflex watering 72
Refraction 258, 259, 261, 363, 714
Refractive error 3, 39, 316, 655, 659
Refractive history technique 261
Refsum's disease 559
Reis-Bückler's dystrophy 222, 223, 225
Renal failure 96, 470
Respiratory tract infection, upper 146, 170
Reticular degeneration 589
Reticular pseudodrusen 509
Retinal angiomatous proliferation 512
Retinal arterial embolus 705
Retinal arteriolar
emboli 499
macroaneurysm 493, 498, 540, 541
Retinal artery macroaneurysms 451
Retinal break 256, 295, 588, 601, 617
treatment of 490
Retinal capillary haemangioma 452, 452, 540
Retinal choroidal anastomosis 512
Retinal commotio 241, 617, 733
Retinal correspondence
abnormal 654
normal 654
Retinal corrugations, inner 602
Retinal cysts 594
Retinal degenerations, peripheral 588
Retinal deposits 501
Retinal detachment 2, 9, 241, 257, 299, 384, 457, 514, 582
chronic 497, 501
configuration of 595
rhegmatogenous 305, 415, 421, 594, 610
risk of 292
serous 384, 400, 610
surgery 612
symptoms of 418
tractional 452, 520, 526, 599, 600
warning 587
Retinal dialysis 595, 618, 618
Retinal drusen 509
Retinal dystrophies 612, 649, 650
Retinal emboli 535
Retinal folds, congenital 639
Retinal haemorrhage 470, 471, 498, 522, 617, 647
superficial 647
Retinal hyperfluorescence, outer 545
Retinal inflammation 498
Retinal ischaemia 394, 496
chronic 704
inferior 470
Retinal migraine 535, 723
Retinal necrosis
acute 218, 376, 417, 417
progressive outer 417, 424, 425
Retinal neovascularisation 384, 481, 496
Retinal nerve fibre layer 97, 318, 479
Retinal opacification 535
Retinal periphlebitis 393
Retinal pigmentation 557
Retinal tears 586, 594, 609
and lattice, treatment of 591
peripheral 618
Retinal telangiectasia 494, 500, 540, 632
Retinal toxoplasmosis, punctate outer 414
Retinal transit time 472
Retinal U-tear 591
Retinal vascular
obstruction 559
occlusions 538
sclerosis 588
tortuosity 501
Retinal vasculitis 419, 610
Retinal vasospasm 705
Retinal vein occlusion 2, 470, 496, 496, 501, 523
Retinitis 374, 384, 399
active toxoplasma 414
cytomegalovirus 419, 419, 423
pigmentosa 396, 421, 465, 466, 485, 565, 557, 558
punctata albescens 557
Retinoblastoma 421, 459, 460, 628
bilateral 462
trilateral 462
unilateral 459
Retinocytoma 460
Retinoma 460
Retinopathy 168, 256
classification of 520
diabetic 268, 307
hypertensive 523, 538, 538
of prematurity 367, 612, 635, 635, 636, 639
progression of 521, 528
toxic 57881
Retinopexy 418, 490, 588
Retinopexy, laser 591
Retinoschisin 612
Retinoschisis, juvenile X-linked 612, 614
Retrobulbar block 273
Retrobulbar mass 95
Retrobulbar neuritis 414, 425, 730, 748
Retrobulbar pain 717
Rhabdomyosarcoma 125
Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment 305, 415, 419, 421, 594, 610
Rheumatoid arthritis 185, 188, 197, 428
Rhinitis 89
Rhinophyma 142
Rhinorrhoea 722
Rhinostomy 79, 80
Rhizopus species 109
Rieger's anomaly 644, 645
Rieger's syndrome 645
Rifampicin 395
Rigid contact lenses 244
Riley Day syndrome 188
Ring infiltrate 211, 211
Rinné's test 696
Rituximab 105, 122, 777
Rivaroxaban 301
RLH See Reactive lymphoid hyperplasia
RNFL See Retinal nerve fibre layer
Rod-cone dystrophies 485, 510
Romberg's test 697
ROP See Retinopathy of prematurity
Roth's spots 498
Rubella 35, 557
Rubeosis iridis 349, 496, 496
Rubeotic glaucoma 551
Ruptured globe 241, 619, 621
primary repair of 620
S
S. aureus See Staphylococcus aureus
S. epidermidis See Staphylococcus epidermidis
SAC See Seasonal allergic conjunctivitis
Saccular vessel dilatations 470, 519
Salmon-Patch appearance 444
Salmon-Patch haemorrhage 547
Salzmann's nodular degeneration 234, 235
Sampaolesi's line 319, 345
Sarcoid 111, 123, 202, 203, 380, 392, 393, 717
granuloma, cutaneous 52
Sarcoidosis 111, 188, 203, 382, 392, 393
SCC See Squamous cell carcinoma
Scheie stripe 348
Scheimpflug camera systems 177, 178
Schelmm's canal 341
Schirmer test 177
Schitic retina 596
Schnyder's dystrophy 225
Schwalbe's line 319, 320, 345, 645
Schwartz syndrome 421
Schwartz-Matsuo syndrome 357
Scirrhous metastatic breast carcinoma 94
Scleral buckling procedures 357
Scleral flap 329
design 329
Scleral show 19
Scleritis 142, 197, 396, 4279, 427, 452
anterior 427
mild anterior diffuse 427
necrotising anterior 440
posterior 401, 427, 428
Sclerokeratectomy, superficial 100
Sclerosing keratitis 153
Sclerostomy 330
Scoliosis 615
Scotoma 419
central 711, 712
Seasonal allergic conjunctivitis 151
Sebaceous cyst 45
Sebaceous gland carcinoma 56, 57
Seborrhoeic dermatitis 42, 140
Seborrhoeic keratosis 45
Secondary malignant disease 58
See-saw nystagmus 707
Seidel's test 176, 206, 241, 365
Selective laser trabeculoplasty 313, 326, 334, 334
Senile verruca 45
Sensory fusion 653
Sentinel lymph node biopsy 57
Sentinel vessels 446, 455
Septicaemia 44, 145
Serous retinal
detachment 384, 400, 610
elevation 519
Serpiginous choroidopathy 413, 413
Serpiginous-like choroiditis 394
Shafer's sign 586, 588, 617
Sharp needle blocks, complications of 273
Shield ulcers 152, 154
Short tau inversion recovery sequence 698
Shunt, ventriculoperitoneal 719
Sickle cell
disease 316
haemoglobin C disease 547
retinopathy 496, 500, 523, 547, 547
black sunburst in 547
stages I-III 548
Sickle trait 547
Silicone 40, 129, 358
bolsters 37
filled eye 357
hydrogel plano lens 184
sheet 127
stents 62
Silver wiring 538, 548
Sinonasal disease 75
chronic 108
Sinonasal inflammation 110
Sinus
discharging 128
disease 96, 108, 110, 688, 734
suspected 96
infection 685, 721
Sixth nerve palsy 6889
Sjögren's syndrome 113, 123, 185, 188
SJS See Stevens-Johnson syndrome
SJS-TEN See Stevens-Johnson syndrome-toxic epidermal necrolysis spectrum
Skin
grafting 25, 55, 67
inflammation 108
lesions 219, 376, 398
necrosis 69, 469
rash 469
SLE See systemic lupus erythematosus
Sleep apnoea syndrome 717
SLM See Soft lens matter
SLT See Selective laser trabeculoplasty
Small incision lenticule extraction 249
SMILE See Small incision lenticule extraction
Snowballs 373, 381, 381, 384
Snowbank 373, 381, 382
Society for Study of Vascular Anomalies 117
SOF See Superior orbital fissure
Soft lens matter 282, 290
Simcoe aspiration of 283
Soft tissue
anomaly 63
inflammation 105
Soft toric contact lens 267
Solar retinopathy 574, 574
optical coherence tomography of 575
Solitary choroidal granulomata 394
Solitary granulomata 166
Sore throat 170, 253
Sorsby's macular dystrophy 500, 501, 510, 569
Spastic entropion 28
Specular microscopy 179, 227
Spinal abnormalities 675
Spiral field, Goldmann field test 749
Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia 612
Spring catarrh 1524
Squamous cell carcinoma 35, 45, 53, 55, 438
conjunctival 424
invasive 439
large 56
Squamous papilloma 45, 45
Squint See Strabismus
Standardisation of Uveitis Nomenclature 373
classification 374
Staphylococcal meibomian gland infection, acute 42
Staphylococcus 144, 204
aureus 641
epidermidis 430
Staphyloma 259
gross posterior pole 260
posterior 298
Stargardt's disease 505, 505, 509, 561, 568, 568
Stargardt's macular dystrophy 482, 483
Statpac 2 glaucoma change probability analysis 324
Steele-Richardson-Olszewski syndrome 750
Stem cell transplants, limbal 169
Stereotactic radiosurgery 457, 747
Sternal clefting 118
Steroid See corticosteroids
Steroid pressure response 351
Steroid-sparing agents 105, 112, 387
Stevens-Johnson syndrome 28, 32, 159, 159, 160, 162, 185
Stevens-Johnson syndrome-toxic epidermal necrolysis spectrum 159161
Stickler's syndrome 612, 613
STIR See Short tau inversion recovery sequence
Stocker's line 229, 236
Strabismic amblyopia 659, 660
Strabismus 39, 102, 65391
3rd nerve palsy 6824
4th nerve palsy 68597
6th nerve palsy 688, 689
accommodation and convergence
disorders 669, 670
weakness 669
alphabet patterns 673, 674
anatomy and physiology 653, 654
Brown's syndrome 67880
Duane's syndrome 6757
esotropia 6614
exotropia 6657
history and examination 6558
incomitant 671, 672
mechanical 657
microtropia 668
neurogenic 672
optometry and general practice guidelines 690, 691
surgery 105, 106, 662
recession 663
resection 664
thyroid eye disease 681
Strawberry naevi 47, 48, 117
Streptococcus 44, 365
spp 144
viridans 641
Stroke 700, 703, 753
Stromal corneal dystrophies, predominantly 223
Stromal disease 214, 373
Stromal rejection 239
Sturge-Weber syndrome 47, 49, 120, 453, 750
Subarachnoid haemorrhage 721
Subconjunctival haemorrhage 126, 127, 135, 164, 164, 201
Subconjunctival triamcinolone acetonide 154
Subcutaneous emphysema 126
Subhyaloid haemorrhage 421, 720
Subretinal abscess 394
Subretinal choroidal neovascularisation 451, 499
Subretinal fibrosis 407, 480
Subretinal fluid 401, 452, 463, 554, 591, 618
Subretinal haemorrhage 450, 451, 618
Subretinal neovascularisation 490, 498, 512
Subtarsal foreign body 73, 180
Sub-Tenon's anaesthetic block 271, 271, 272, 490
puntal eversion 21
Sudiferous cysts 46, 47
Sulfasalazine 163
Sulfite-oxidase deficiency 288
Sulphur hexafluoride 596
SUN See Standardisation of Uveitis Nomenclature
SUNCT syndrome 722
Sunset glow fundus 401
Superior ophthalmic vein, enlarged 103
Superior orbital fissure 111, 116, 124
syndrome 112, 116, 128
Superotemporal quadrant 98
dermoid 98
masses 123
Suppurative keratitis 209
Suprachoroidal haemorrhage 256, 257, 299
Supranuclear palsy 750
Supranuclear palsy, progressive 750
Supraumbilical raphe 118
Surgical retina 585623
diabetic vitreoretinal surgery 599, 600
optometry and general practice guidelines 622, 623
Susac's disease 499
Symblepharon 137, 162
Sympathetic dysfunction 702
Sympathetic ophthalmia 242, 384, 400, 402, 402, 403
Synechiae, peripheral anterior 226, 312, 349, 379, 646
Synechiolysis, posterior 288
Synkinetic lid movement 19
Syphilis 203, 376, 396, 418, 572
congenital 202, 396, 572
serology 377, 731
Syringe and probe 85
Systemic gummata 396, 572
Systemic lupus erythematosus 185, 384, 428
T
T sign (Tenon's space) 429
Taco technique 282
Tacrolimus 153, 155, 389
Takayasu's disease 743
Tear
break up time 140, 174, 176, 189
drainage 37, 176
Tear film 42, 71, 140, 704
abnormality 60, 253
deficiency 72, 73, 89
quality 188
quantity 189
stability 188
TED See Thyroid eye disease
Telangiectasia 139, 142, 470, 501
angiography 470
eyelid 139
facial 142
juxtafoveal 544
parafoveal 544
Telecanthus 63, 94
Temporal artery 704
anatomy and biopsy 728, 727, 728
Temporal arteritis See giant cell arteritis
TEN See Toxic epidermal necrolysis
Tensilon testing 683
Tension headache 720
Teprotumumab 105
Terrien's marginal degeneration 198, 201, 233
Terson's syndrome 609
Tetracycline 141, 204, 574, 717
Thiel-Behnke corneal dystrophy 222, 225
Thioridazine 563, 580
retinopathy 563
toxicity 581
Third nerve palsy 6824
Thrombophilia 529
Thrombosis, family history of 529
Thyroid
dysfunction, symptoms of 165
function tests 97, 103, 165, 747
stimulating immunoglobulin 103
Thyroid eye disease 18, 94, 102, 104, 115, 657, 681, 730
inactive 103
moderately severe 103
orbital 1026
strabismus 681
Timolol 313, 354
Tissue
glue 169, 197
Tissue plasminogen activator 377
Tinnitus, pulsatile 717
Tobacco dust 586, 587, 594
Tocilizumab 105, 729
Tolosa-Hunt syndrome 111, 116
Topcon videokeratoscope 179
Topical anaesthesia 177, 270
advantages 270
disadvantages 270
technique 271
Topical ciclosporin 141, 148, 190
Topical steroids 129, 145, 148, 154, 161
Toric intraocular lenses 263, 264
Torsional diplopia 685, 687
Toxic conjunctivitis 158
Toxic epidermal necrolysis spectrum 159
Toxic optic neuropathy 425, 736
Toxic retinopathy 57881
Toxocara cani 628, 634
Toxocariasis 628, 634, 634, 634
Toxoplasma 384, 414, 418, 428, 578
chorioretinitis 376, 392, 414, 422, 423
retinitis 415
acquired 415
retinochoroiditis 423
transmission to fetus, risk of 416
Toxoplasmosis See toxoplasma
TPA See Tissue plasminogen activator
Trabecular meshwork 319, 320, 335
Trabeculectomy 294, 327, 328, 332
post-operative complications 333
Trabeculodysgenesis, isolated 362
Trachoma 31, 150
Tractional retinal detachment 452, 520, 526, 599, 600
Transient homonymous hemianopia 744
Transient visual loss 693, 704
causes of 705, 723, 744
Transpupillary thermotherapy 457
Trans-scleral cyclodiode laser treatment 336, 336
Transverse lid sutures 28
Treponema pallidum 396, 572
Triamcinolone 43, 154, 294, 387
Triamcinolone, intravitreal 386
Trichiasis 28, 32, 32, 33, 89
Trigeminal nerve 6
Trigeminal neuralgia 721
TSI See Thyroid stimulating immunoglobulin
Tuberculosis 107, 394, 395, 425
choroidal granuloma 394
Tuberous sclerosis 751
Tumour
choroidal 421
choroidal melanoma 455
conjunctival 437
fundus, differential diagnosis of 449
iris 446
lacrimal 75 88, 123
optic nerve 740
retinoblastoma 459
rhabdomyosarcoma 125
solitary fibrous 125
Tutoplast graft 366
U
Uhthoff's phenomenon 704, 732
Ulcers
dendritic 213
shield 154
skin 162
United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study 521
Upper lid
entropion 31
floppy 26
lowering 38
mass 39
overshoot of 19
retraction 14
show 19
skin crease height 18
sulcus 129
Urinary reducing sugars 629
Urrets-Zavalia syndrome 702
Usher's syndrome 558
U-tear 594
Uveal effusion syndrome 610, 611
Uveitic glaucoma 334, 336, 351, 377
Uveitis 50, 73, 373435
acute anterior 3758, 422, 435
signs 375
symptoms 375
anterior 374, 435
chronic 371
anterior 299, 37981
idiopathic anterior 379
complications of 376
herpetic 376
history and examination 373, 374
HIV 4235
immune-mediated 423
in children 422
in pregnancy 423
intermediate 3813
Masquerade syndromes 421
nomenclature classification, standardization of 374
optometry and general practice guidelines 435
phacoanaphylactic 402
posterior 38491
risk of 422
sarcoidosis 392, 393
steroid treatment 385
sympathetic ophthalmia 402, 403
syphilis 396, 397
classification 396
systemic features 396
toxoplasmosis 4146
V
Valacyclovir 37
Valsalva manoeuvre 94, 117, 301
Valsalva retinopathy 471, 498
Valvular murmur 535
Varicella-zoster
keratitis 214
retinitis 424, 425
virus 384
Vascular filling defect 470
Vascular imaging 609
Vascular lesions
eyelid 47
orbital 120
Vascular occlusion 399, 414, 538
Vascular tortuosity 550
Vascular tumours of conjunctiva 442
Vasculitic disease 197
Vasculitis 373, 419, 473, 496, 744
Vasospasm 535, 542, 723
Vasovagal syncope 469
Venous malformation of orbit 118, 119
Ventriculoperitoneal shunt 719
Verkazia 153
Vernal keratoconjunctivitis 151, 152
severe 152
Vernal plaques 152, 154
Vernal shield ulcer 152, 153
Vertebrobasilar dissection 744
Vertebrobasilar ischaemia 705
Vertebrobasilar territory 744
photodynamic therapy 452, 454
Vertigo 696, 707
Viral conjunctivitis 135, 170
Viral keratoconjunctivitis 144, 170
Viscoat 293, 305
Viscotears 319, 489
Vision
blue 277, 292
causes of double 7, 8
gradual blurring of 3
hill of 323
painful loss of 1
Vismodegib 55
Visual acuity
eye chart conversion 782
Visual disorientation 744
Visual field
extra things in 9
interpreting 3234, 70813
Visual field defect 3234, 70813
altitudinal 711
anatomy 708
central scotoma 711
differential diagnosis of 70813
driving and 760
hemianopia 70911
Humphrey 3234
neurological 70813
normal pressure glaucoma 343
orbital trauma 126
panretinal photocoagulation and 521
primary open-angle glaucoma 325
progressive 3234
quadrantanopia 70910
retinitis pigmentosa 559
thyroid eye disease 103
vigabactrin 713
Visual loss
acute painless 2
cortical 425
functional 323, 651, 717
gradual 3
painful 1
transient 693, 704
subacute, causes of 730
unexplained 713
visual field defects 70813
Visual maturation, delayed 649
Visual pathways 708
Vitelliform 577
lesions 502, 512, 554
Vitiligo 400
Vitrectomy 333, 356, 357
anterior 299
diabetic 599
general risks of 600, 602
Vitreomacular traction 479, 481, 604
syndrome 604, 604
Vitreoretinal interface, biometry 258
Vitreous 258, 295
cells 373, 380,
anterior 375, 385
floaters 608, 622
haemorrhage 355, 359, 386, 394, 526, 599, 609
diabetic 599
recurrent 599, 600
loss 294, 304
tap 293, 431, 433
Vitritis 366, 417, 421
Visual field loss 103, 126, 324
VKC See Vernal keratoconjunctivitis
Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome 384, 400, 400, 401 422, 429
von Hippel-Lindau syndrome 452, 467, 751
Vortex corneal dystrophy 235
Vortex keratopathy 235, 237
VZV See Varicella zoster virus
W
Waardenburg-Jonkers dystrophy 222
Wallerian degeneration 699
Wall-eyed bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia 657, 732
Watery eye 718, 84
Wavefront scanning technology 179
WEBINO See Wall-eyed bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia
Wegener's granulomatosis 111
Weight loss 448, 453, 529, 718
Weill-Marchesani syndrome 288, 368
Weiss ring 586, 586
WESDR See Wisconsin epidemiologic study of diabetic retinopathy
West African Crystalline Maculopathy 501
White cataract surgery 292
White dot syndromes 404, 405, 412
Whitnall's ligament 14
Whitnall's tubercle 13, 14
Wilms’ tumour 643
suppressor gene 643
Wisconsin epidemiologic study of diabetic retinopathy 521
Wyburn-Mason syndrome 752
X
X-linked chorioretinal degeneration 563
Xanthelasma 49, 51, 225
Xanthogranuloma, juvenile 50
X-linked recessive 236, 466, 612
Y
YAG laser iridotomy 369
Z
Zeaxanthin 483, 510
Zeiss, gland of 42
Zonular dehiscence 288, 290, 305
×
Chapter Notes

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TRIAGE1

Ronald Kam
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Fig. 1.1: Common causes of painful loss of vision occurring over seconds to hours. Conditions in red boxes require immediate treatment.
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Fig. 1.2: Common causes of painless vision loss occurring over seconds to hours. Conditions in red boxes require immediate treatment.Abbreviations: AION, anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy; AMD, age-related macular degeneration; CRAO, central retinal artery occlusion; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid; CVA, cerebrovascular accident; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate; HM, hand motions; NPL, no perception of light; PL, perception of light; RVO, retinal vein occlusion.
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Fig. 1.3: Causes of gradual blurring of vision. Conditions in red boxes require immediate treatment.Abbreviations: AMD, age-related macular degeneration; CNS, central nervous system; CVA, cerebrovascular accident.
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Fig. 1.4: Causes of red eye. Conditions in red boxes require immediate treatment.
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Fig. 1.5: Causes of eye discomfort or foreign body sensation. Intraocular foreign body requires urgent management.
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Fig. 1.6: Conditions causing severe or constant eye pain without eye inflammation. Conditions in red boxes require immediate treatment.Abbreviations: VA, visual acuity; V1, first division of trigeminal nerve.
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Fig. 1.7: Causes of double vision. Conditions in red boxes require immediate treatment.
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Fig. 1.8: Life-threatening causes of diplopia.Abbreviations: ANCA, anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody; CRP, C-reactive protein; ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate; GBS, Guillain–Barré syndrome; ICP, intracranial pressure; MFS, Miller Fisher syndrome; RAPD, relative afferent pupil defect.
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Fig. 1.9: Extra things appearing in the visual field.
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