Mother and Child Care Utpal Kant Singh, Rajiniti Prasad, Ranjeet Kumar, Shivani Suman
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IntroductionCHAPTER 1

 
A child is the greatest treasure of mankind. His health, well-being, safety and future is in the hands of his parents from birth until he is on his own. How the child grows as a person will depend on the lessons you teach, the values you hold and the way you live. It is a huge responsibility to any parent to bring up a child. The trip is wonderful and can be fun and exciting. It can also be tough at times. Your child should be a perfect human being. You should teach him kindness and the value of serving others.
Many newborns, if allowed to lie undisturbed on their mother's abdomen, exhibit a precise sequence of movements that culminate in their reaching and suckling the nipple. Workers have found that this “breast crawl” is an innate mechanism enabling infants to locate their food source. The close contact of babies with mother may lead to modulations in arousal and associated CNS-hormonal activity. The frequent handling of babies may cause stress-induced activation of pituitary-adrenal system which in turn, leads to increased plasma cortisol and adrenocorticotropic hormone. The maternal deprivation has an impact on physiological functions such as stress hormone response and immunological responsiveness. The tactile contact of babies seems to increase vagal activity. The increase in infant's vagal activity may lead to an increase in food absorption hormones such as insulin and may account in part, for enhanced weight gain.
Breastfeeding hospital initiative has a definite positive impact on health care practices and breastfeeding. Furthermore, there is reduction in neonatal and infant mortality rates. Hence mothers have to be followed up after discharge regarding exclusive breastfeeding practices in family environment.