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Recent Advances in Surgery—9 Roshan Lall Gupta

1:Glimpses of Progress in Surgery
- ANTIVIRAL STRATEGY AGAINST AIDS
- HYDATID DISEASE OF BONE
- BILIOUS VOMITING IN THE NEWBORN
- EXTRAHEPATIC BILIARY ATRESIA (EHBA)
- VARICOCELE
- RETROGRADE EMBOLISATION OF VARICOCELE IN THE PAEDIATRIC AGE GROUP
- SURGERY FOR INGUINAL HERNIA
- OBTURATOR HERNIA
  - Imaging Methods
- VIDEO ASSISTED THYROIDECTOMY (VAT)
- MEDICAL ANTISHOCK TROUSERS
- HUMAN POLYMERISED HAEMOGLOBIN
- RADIOFREQUENCY ABLATION OF METASTATIC COLORECTAL TUMOURS IN THE LIVER
- BARRETT'S OESOPHAGUS
- OESOPHAGEAL CANCER: BEING ABLE TO SWALLOW DOES HAVE ITS PRICE
- ACUTE CHOLECYSTITIS: EARLY VERSUS DELAYED CHOLECYSTECTOMY
- CARCINOMA GALLBLADDER
- DIEULAFOY'S DISEASE
- ROLE OF LAPAROSCOPY IN PERFORATED PEPTIC ULCER
- LAPAROSCOPIC APPENDICECTOMY
- SHOULD WE REMOVE THE NORMAL LOOKING APPENDIX?
- NASOGASTRIC INTUBATION
- NIPPLE DISCHARGE
- EXTRAMAMMARY PAGET'S DISEASE
- INTERNATIONAL CONSENSUS ON MANAGEMENT OF NON-PALPABLE IMAGE DETECTED BREAST CANCER
  - Certain Accepted Basic Concepts
  - Imaging and Biopsy
  - Pathology and Prognostic Issues
  - Treatment Issues
- OCCULT BREAST CANCER
- LIVER TRANSPLANTATION
- SMALL BOWEL TRANSPLANTATION
- XENOTRANSPLANTATION
- HEART TRANSPLANTATION
- CELLULAR TRANSPLANTATION FOR THE FAILING HEART
- CONCLUSION
- EMBRYONIC STEM CELL RESEARCH PLUS REHABILITATION FOR SPINAL CORD INJURY: WHISPERS OF HOPE
- ARTIFICIAL ENDOCRINE PANCREAS
- PROGRESS IN CORONARY ARTERY SURGERY: “OFF PUMP” SURGERY
- DYNAMIC CARDIOPLASTY FOR A FAILING HEART
- DIAGNOSTIC ANGIOSCOPY
- NONSPECIFIC AORTOARTERITIS
- CHRONIC VENOUS DISEASE OF LOWER LIMB
- SCREENING FOR PROSTATE CANCER
- THERMO-EXPANDABLE INTRAPROSTATIC STENTS IN FRAIL PATIENTS
- LASER DEPILATION OF THE NATAL CLEFT FOR PILONIDAL DISEASE
- HAEMORRHOIDECTOMY WITH A CIRCULAR STAPLER
- SURGICAL CARE IN SPACE
  - Need for Restraint
  - Anaesthesia in Space
  - Future of Health Care in Space
- ROBOTICS IN SURGERY
- CYBERNETICS AND SURGERY
2:Evidence Based Surgery
- INTRODUCTION
- COCHRANE COLLABORATION
- SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS
- RANDOMISED CONTROLLED TRIALS
- GUIDELINES FOR CERTAIN SURGICAL PROBLEMS
  - IAP Guidelines in Acute Pancreatitis
  - The NCI Guidelines for Colorectal Surgery
    - Level of Evidence
    - Grade of Recommendation
- A PLEA FOR NEW GUIDELINES
  - Need for a Uniform Evidence Based Protocol for Postvasectomy Analysis
  - Need for a Uniform Guideline for Treatment of Penile Cancer
3:Hypospadias
- CLASSIFICATION OF HYPOSPADIAS
- HISTORICAL REVIEW OF HYPOSPADIAS REPAIR
  - Historical Description
- PRESENT DAY CONCEPT OF HYPOSPADIAS REPAIR
- MEATAL ADVANCEMENT AND GLANULOPLASTY (MAGPI)
  - Procedure (Figs 3.2A to D)
- TUBULARISATION OF THE INCISED URETHRAL PLATE (SNODGRASS)17
  - Procedure (Figs 3.3A to D)
- A DORSAL FREE GRAFT ON AN INCISED URETHRAL PLATE
  - Procedure (Figs 3.4A to E)
- THE ONLAY TRANSVERSE PREPUTIAL SKIN PATCH
  - Procedure (Figs 3.5A to H)
  - Formation of Neourethra
- TRANSVERSE PREPUTIAL SKIN TUBE
  - Procedure (Figs 3.7A to F)
- THE TWO STAGE REPAIR OF HYPOSPADIAS
  - First Stage
  - Second Stage
    - Procedure
- GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS
4:Neonatal Intestinal Obstruction
- CAUSES
- STOMACH
  - Symptoms and Signs
  - Management
- DUODENAL OBSTRUCTIONS
  - Clinical Features and Diagnosis
  - Management
- JEJUNOILEAL ATRESIA AND STENOSIS
  - Clinical Features and Diagnosis
- MALROTATION OF THE INTESTINE
  - Clinical Presentation and Diagnosis
- MECONIUM ILEUS
- MECONIUM PERITONITIS
- MECONIUM PLUG SYNDROME
- COLONIC ATRESIA
- HIRSCHSPRUNG'S DISEASE (HD)
- ANORECTAL MALFORMATIONS (ARM)
  - Diagnostic Studies
  - Surgical Management
5:Recent Advances in the Treatment of Cleft Lip and Palate
- CLEFT LIP
- THE MODIFIED TAJIMA PROCEDURE (Fig. 5.6)
- CLEFT PALATE
- ORTHOGNATHIC SURGERY
6:Treatment Options in the Management of Cancer of the Buccal Mucosa
- PRETREATMENT WORK UP
- STAGING IN ORAL CANCER
  - Treatment for T1 and T2 Lesions
  - Surgery for T3 and T4 Lesions
- MANDIBLE AND BUCCAL MUCOSA CANCER
- MARGINAL MANDIBULECTOMY
- EXTENT OF LYMPH NODE DISSECTION
- CHOICE OF RECONSTRUCTION
- ADJUVANT TREATMENT
- QUALITY OF LIFE ISSUES
7:Preoperative Nutritional Assessment of the Surgical Patient—Methods and Relevance
- TRADITIONAL NUTRITIONAL ASSESSMENT INDICES
- CLINICAL OUTCOME OF NUTRITIONAL ASSESSMENT
- MULTIVARIABLE EQUATIONS AS NUTRITIONAL ASSESSMENT TOOLS
- NEWER TECHNOLOGIES IN MEASUREMENT OF BODY COMPOSITION
- CONCLUSION
8:Advances in Minimal Access Surgery
- ENDOHERNIA SURGERY
  - Groin Hernia
- VENTRAL HERNIA REPAIR
- HIATUS HERNIA
- ENDOSURGERY OF THE NECK
- RETROPERITONEOSCOPY
- THORACOSCOPY AND VIDEO ASSISTED THORACIC SURGERY
- LAPAROSCOPIC BILIARY PROCEDURES
- LAPAROSCOPIC SOLID ORGAN SURGERY
- LAPAROENDOSCOPIC SURGERY IN ONCOLOGY
- AXILLOSCOPY
- HAND ASSISTED LAPAROSCOPIC SURGERY
- MICROLAPAROSCOPY
- RECENT ADVANCES IN INSTRUMENTATION
9:Surgical Management of Thyrotoxicosis—Current Scenario: 2003
- MODALITY OF INITIAL THERAPY
- SURGERY AS THE INITIAL OR PRIMARY TREATMENT
- SURGERY AS SECONDARY TREATMENT
- PREOPERATIVE TREATMENT
- INTRAOPERATIVE CONSIDERATIONS: NERVES AND PARATHYROIDS
- INTRAOPERATIVE CONSIDERATIONS: EXTENT OF RESECTION
- POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS
- ASSOCIATED CARCINOMA
- EYE CHANGES
10:Hypercalcaemia
- DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF HYPERCALCAEMIA
- CAUSES OF HYPERCALCAEMIA
- EVALUATION AND TREATMENT OF HYPERCALCAEMIA
  - Hypercalcaemic Crisis
  - Emergency Treatment
    - Hydration
    - Drug Therapy
- PRIMARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM
11:Gastrointestinal Anastomosis
- TYPES OF ANASTOMOSIS
- IDEAL ANASTOMOSIS
- ANATOMICAL CONSIDERATIONS
  - Anatomy of the Oesophagus
  - Anatomy of the Stomach
  - Anatomy of the Small Bowel
  - Anatomy of the Large Bowel
- PHYSIOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS
- PRINCIPLES OF SURGERY
- ANASTOMOTIC TECHNIQUES
- HEALING IN THE ALIMENTARY TRACT
- FACTORS AFFECTING HEALING OF BOWEL ANASTOMOSIS
  - Local Factors
- SPECIFIC TECHNIQUES
  - Oesophagus
  - Stomach
  - Small Bowel
  - Colon and Rectum
- STAPLED VERSUS HANDSEWN ANASTOMOSIS
  - Use of Omentum
- MANAGEMENT OF ANASTOMOTIC LEAKAGE
  - Oesophago-gastric Anastomosis
  - Colorectal Anastomosis
- MINIMAL ACCESS SURGERY AND BOWEL ANASTOMOSIS
- STAPLERS FOR GASTROINTESTINAL ANASTOMOSIS
  - Historical
  - Early Development of Mechanical Stapling Devices
- PRINCIPLES
- STAPLE CONFIGURATION
- TYPES OF INSTRUMENTS
- STAPLERS FOR USE IN MINIMALLY INVASIVE SURGERY
- TECHNIQUE OF STAPLING
- GUIDELINES FOR BOWEL STAPLING
- GENERAL CONTRAINDICATIONS FOR STAPLING
- PRECAUTIONS AND SAFEGUARDS
- COMPLICATIONS
- CONCLUSIONS
- ACKNOWLEDGEMENT OF ADAPTATIONS
12:Management of Pancreatico-Duodenal Injuries
- INTRODUCTION
- INCIDENCE AND MECHANISM OF INJURY
- MAGNITUDE OF THE PROBLEM
- DIAGNOSIS
- MANAGEMENT OF PANCREATIC AND/OR DUODENAL INJURIES
13:Acute Pancreatitis
14:Intra-abdominal Sepsis
- CAUSES OF INTRA-ABDOMINAL SEPSIS
  - Surgical Causes
  - Medical Causes
- BACTERIOLOGY
- PATHOLOGY
- CLINICAL FEATURES
- LABORATORY STUDIES
- IMAGING STUDIES
  - Ultrasonogram, CT Scan and MRI
  - Other Imaging Investigations
- LOCAL TREATMENT
- ROLE OF SURGERY
- GENERAL TREATMENT
- CERTAIN NEWER ASPECTS OF SEPSIS
- PROGNOSIS
15:Recent Advances in Pancreatic Cancer
- INTRODUCTION
- ADVANCES IN IMAGING: THE ROLE OF ENDOSONOGRAPHY (EUS)
- ADVANCES IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
- SURGERY FOR CANCER HEAD OF PANCREAS
- PYLORUS-PRESERVING PANCREATODUODENECTOMY
- WHIPPLE PROCEDURE AND PYLORUS- PRESERVING PROCEDURE: IS ANY ONE SUPERIOR?
- COMPLICATIONS OF PANCREATODUODENECTOMY
- SUMMARY
16:Recent Advances in Surgery for Rectal Cancer
- INTRODUCTION
- SPHINCTER SAVING RESECTIONS (SSR)
- LOW ANTERIOR RESECTION (AR)
  - Indications
  - Technique
- COLO-ENDOANAL ANASTOMOSIS
- SURGICAL AND ONCOLOGICAL SAFETY OF SSR
- STAPLER IN SURGERY FOR RECTAL CANCER
  - Technique of Use of Staplers
- SURGICAL AND ONCOLOGIC SAFETY OF STAPLERS
  - Staplers: Functional Results and Morbidity
- LAPAROSCOPIC SURGERY FOR RECTAL CANCER
- TOTAL ANORECTAL RECONSTRUCTION
17:Sphincter Saving Surgery for Cancer Lower Rectum with Special Emphasis on Abdominosacral Resection
- ANTERIOR RESECTION (AR)
- ABDOMINOANAL PULL THROUGH RESECTION (AAPTR)
- ABDOMINOTRANSSPHINCTERIC RESECTION
- ABDOMINOSACRAL RESECTION (ASR)
- SUMMARY
18:Recent Advances in Perianal Suppuration
- CLASSIFICATION OF ANORECTAL ABSCESS
- CURRENT TERMINOLOGY AND CLASSIFICATION OF ANAL FISTULA
  - Parks Classification System (Table 18.1)
- DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURE FOR A FISTULA IN ANO
- DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
- RADIOLOGIC STUDY OF FISTULA IN ANO
- ANAL MANOMETRY
- SURGICAL TREATMENT OF ACUTE PERIRECTAL ABSCESS
- FISTULOTOMY AT THE TIME OF ANORECTAL ABSCESS DRAINAGE
- TUBERCULOUS ANAL SEPSIS
- MANAGEMENT OF FISTULA IN ANO
- COMPLICATIONS AFTER FISTULOTOMY
  - Recurrence
  - Other Complications
- USE OF SETON FOR SURGERY FOR FISTULA IN ANO
  - Draining Seton
  - Cutting Seton
- KSHARSOOTRA (MEDICATED SETON) TREATMENT FOR FISTULA IN ANO
- REPAIR OF FISTULA IN ANO USING FIBRIN ADHESIVE
- SPHINCTER-PRESERVING TECHNIQUES FOR ANAL FISTULAS
- ENDORECTAL AND ADVANCEMENT FLAP
- SPECIAL SITUATIONS
19:Portal Hypertension
- INTRODUCTION
- ANATOMICAL CONSIDERATIONS
  - Classification of PHT
  - Aetiology of PHT
- CLINICAL PRESENTATIONS
- INVESTIGATIONS
- MANAGEMENT OF PORTAL HYPERTENSION
- EVOLUTION OF THERAPY IN PHT
- PREVENTION OF FIRST VARICEAL BLEED
- VASOPRESSIN AND ITS ANALOGUES
- HORMONES
- ENDOSCOPIC THERAPIES
- ENDOSCOPIC VARICEAL LIGATION (EVL)
- TYPES OF SURGERY
- RECOMMENDATIONS FOR MANAGEMENT OF PHT
  - Management Protocol for Acute Variceal Bleeding (Flow chart 19.1)
    - Prerequisite for Emergency Endoscopy
  - Elective Long-term Management
    - Recommendations for Choice of Elective Surgery
20:Orthotopic Bladder Substitution
- INTRODUCTION
- USE OF ABSORBABLE STAPLES
  - Quality of Life Issues
  - Laparoscopic Orthotopic Neobladder Reconstruction
21:Quality Management in Surgery: Order of the Day
- INTRODUCTION
- DEFINITION OF QUALITY OF CARE
- QUALITY ASSESSMENT
- QUALITY ASSURANCE
- QUALITY ASSURANCE AND COMPLICATIONS
  - Outcome Report Card (ORC)
  - Peer Review
- CONTINUOUS QUALITY IMPROVEMENT AND TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT
- CLINICAL GOVERNANCE
- QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN CLINICAL PRACTICE
- QUALITY MANAGEMENT AND MEDICAL CURRICULUM
- BLUEPRINT FOR QUALITY OF SURGICAL CARE IN INDIA

INDEX

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