Editor-in-Chief
A Parthasarathy MD, DCH, FIAP
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Co-editors
MR Lokeshwar MD, DCH
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Nitin K Shah MD, DCH
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Partha's Immunization Digest
© 2005, A Parthasarathy, MR Lokeshwar, Nitin K Shah
All rights reserved. No part of this publication should be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means: electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the editors and the publisher.
First Edition : 2005
9788180612848
Typeset at JPBMP typesetting unit
Printed at Replika Press Pvt. Ltd.
5Foreword
‘The Internet Era’ has revolutionized the Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) on immunization of both parents as well as doctors. Day in and day out, new information keeps on pouring in. So much so that the medical practitioner is in a dilemma as to which vaccine to prefer and how to schedule it.
Numerous guide books published on behalf of the Indian Academy of Pediatrics and by private authors are available. A worthy addition to the existing collection, has now come in the form of this manual entitled Partha's Immunization Digest. The authors have taken pains to collect available useful literature on immunization both from Indian and foreign sources and present the resume in a reader-friendly, yet concise and informative manner.
I compliment them for their laudable efforts and hope the new manual will be welcome by all those concerned with infant, child and adolescent immunization.
MKC Nair
National President 2004
Indian Academy of Pediatrics
7Preface
Immunization has been regarded as the greatest success story of the 20th century. With effective immunization of newborns, infants, children and adolescents, global eradication of smallpox was achieved in 1978. Similarly, poliomyelitis has since been eradicated in developed countries; controlled in many and is in the process of elimination in developing countries, at the global scenario. Nevertheless emerging and re-emerging infections are still posing a challenge to the mankind.
Advances in molecular biology and genetic engineering have revitalized the concept of immunization. Novel vaccine delivery systems have been developed. Autodes-truct/self-locking syringes have promoted the “Needle smart” message. Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) on immunization of doctors and parents have been enriched through continuing medical education (CME) of vaccine updates and parent health education, and through the vigorous media advertisements of the vaccine manufacturers. Due to these awareness campaigns, demand generation has increased. Newer vaccines are being licensed in India, after their efficacy having been established at the global level.
In addition to the vaccines administered in the National Immunization schedule, it has become necessary to recommend additional vaccines at different age groups. Apart from newborn, infant and childhood immunization practices, immunization of adolescents has also become a campaign by itself. In this manual, attempt has been made to present ‘State-of-the-art information’ concerning issues related to vaccines and immunization. Existing ‘State-of-the-art tables’ and text of international and national authors have been included with necessary modifications with due acknowledgement. Hope the new venture will be welcome by practicing pediatricians and family physicians. Your comments and suggestions are most welcome to improve the quality of future editions.
A Parthasarathy
MR Lokeshwar
Nitin K Shah
9Acknowledgements
Our grateful thanks to
- Mrs Anuradha and Mr Kiran, Miss M Meenakshi, Miss D Lakshmi, Anu Vision Media, Chennai for typesetting the manuscript at a record time.
- Dr M Indrashekhar Rao, Dr Arun Kumar, Dr Manisha Mohan, Dr Hena Mohan, Dr Archana Kher, Dr Neelu Shah, Dr Avinash Desai, Dr Vinit Sharma, Dr Niranjan Shendurnikar and Dr Mukesh Agrawal for allowing us to utilize their text for bibliographic references at appropriate chapters.
- The Indian Academy of Pediatrics, the American Academy of Pediatrics and Annales Nestle for per-mission to reproduce excerpts from their publications.
- Mr PV Chandrasekar and Mr KA Shankarnarayan, Mr A Sri Ramulu for their help from time to time.
- Mrs Nirmala Parthasarathy and Mrs Kavitha Balaji for secretarial assistance.
- Mr Mukherjee, Branch Manager, M/s Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd, Chennai and his team for author coordination and assistance.
- Shri JP Vij, Chairman and Managing Director, Mr Tarun Duneja, General Manager (Publishing), M/s Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd, New Delhi for the excellent layout and job completion in a record time.