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Anatomy and Physiology for Nurses Inderbir Singh

1:Learning the Language of Medicine
- THE SUBJECT OF ANATOMY
- MAIN SUBDIVISIONS OF THE HUMAN BODY
- SOME COMMONLY USED DESCRIPTIVE TERMS
- STRUCTURES CONSTITUTING THE HUMAN BODY
2:A Brief Introduction to Bones, Joints and Muscles
- THE SKELETON
- SOME FACTS ABOUT LONG BONES
- SOME FEATURES OF JOINTS
- CLASSIFICATION OF JOINTS
- SOME FACTS ABOUT MUSCLES
- SOME IMPORTANT MUSCLES OF THE BODY
3:A Brief Introduction to Organ Systems of the Body
- INTRODUCTION TO THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
- INTRODUCTION TO THE ALIMENTARY SYSTEM
- INTRODUCTION TO THE URINARY SYSTEM
- INTRODUCTION TO THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
  - Male Reproductive Organs
  - Female Reproductive Organs
- INTRODUCTION TO THE ENDOCRINE GLANDS
- THE LYMPHOID ORGANS
- INTRODUCTION TO THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
- INTRODUCTION TO THE NERVOUS SYSTEM
  - The Cranial Nerves
  - Spinal Nerves
- AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
4:Introduction to Body Functions
- SOME ESSENTIAL BODY FUNCTIONS
5:Essential Chemistry
6:Cell Structure
- CELL STRUCTURE
  - Basic Membrane Structure
  - THE CELL MEMBRANE
    - Role of Cell Membrane in Transport of Material into or Out of the Cell
- CELL ORGANELLES
- THE CYTOSKELETON
  - Centrioles
- PROJECTIONS FROM THE CELL SURFACE
- THE NUCLEUS
  - Nature and Significance of Chromatin
  - Nucleoli
- CHROMOSOMES
- CELL DIVISION
  - Mitosis
  - Meiosis
    - First Meiotic Division
    - Second Meiotic Division
- CHROMOSOMAL SEX AND SEX CHROMATIN
  - Abnormal Cell Growth and Tumours
7:Tissues of the Body: Epithelia and Glands
- CLASSIFICATION OF EPITHELIA
- GLANDS
8:General Connective Tissue
- INTRODUCTORY REMARKS
- FIBRES OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE
- CELLS OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE
- ADIPOSE TISSUE
  - Structure of Adipose Tissue
  - Distribution of Adipose Tissue
    - Functions of Adipose Tissue
- SUMMARY OF THE FUNCTIONS OF CONNECTIVE TISSUES
  - Mechanical Functions
  - Other Functions
9:Cartilage and Bone
- CARTILAGE
- HYALINE CARTILAGE
  - Distribution of Hyaline Cartilage
- BONE
- FORMATION OF BONE
  - Development of a Typical Long Bone
  - Metaphysis
- SOME DISORDERS OF BONE
  - Fractures
10:Muscle and Nervous Tissue
- MUSCLE
  - Introductory Remarks
- SKELETAL MUSCLE
- CARDIAC MUSCLE
- SMOOTH MUSCLE
  - Basic Facts about Smooth Muscle
- NERVOUS TISSUE
- GANGLIA
  - Introductory Remarks
- NEUROGLIA
11:Blood
- CELLULAR ELEMENTS OF BLOOD
- FORMATION OF BLOOD (HAEMOPOIESIS)
- CLINICAL CORRELATIONS OF BLOOD
- MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTE SYSTEM
12:Cardiovascular System
- THE HEART
- ARTERIES
  - Blood Vessels, Lymphatics and Nerves supplying Blood Vessels
- SOME PHYSIOLOGICAL AND CLINICAL CONSIDERATIONS
- MAIN ARTERIES OF THE BODY
- MAIN VEINS OF THE BODY
13:Lymphoid Tissues and Immunity
- LYMPH NODES
- THE SPLEEN
  - Circulation through the Spleen
    - White Pulp and Red Pulp
- THE THYMUS
- MUCOSA ASSOCIATED LYMPHOID TISSUE
  - Mucosa Associated Lymphoid Tissue in the Alimentary System
- DEFENCE MECHANISMS AND IMMUNITY
14:Skin and its Appendages
- THE SKIN
  - The Epidermis
  - The Dermis
- APPENDAGES OF THE SKIN
15:The Respiratory System
- SOME PHYSIOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS
  - External and Internal Respiration
- SOME CLINICAL CONDITIONS
16:The Alimentary Canal
- GROSS ANATOMY OF ALIMENTARY CANAL
- HISTOLOGY OF ALIMENTARY CANAL
  - Distinguishing Features of Duodenum, Jejunum, and Ileum
    - Functioning of the Small Intestine
  - The Colon
17:Liver and Pancreas
- THE LIVER
  - Functions of the Liver
    - Functions of Bile
    - Some Disorders of the Liver
- EXTRAHEPATIC BILIARY APPARATUS
- THE PANCREAS
  - Ducts of the Pancreas
  - Histology of the Pancreas
18:Nutrition, Digestion and Metabolism
- NUTRITION
- DIGESTION
- METABOLISM
19:Urinary System
- THE KIDNEYS
- KIDNEY FUNCTION
  - Some Diseases of the Kidneys
- THE URETERS
- THE URINARY BLADDER
- THE URETHRA
20:Male Reproductive Organs
21:Female Reproductive Organs
- THE OVARIES
- THE UTERINE TUBES
- THE UTERUS
- THE VAGINA
- THE MAMMARY GLANDS
  - Some Diseases of Female Reproductive Organs
22:The Endocrine System
- THE HYPOPHYSIS CEREBRI
- THE PINEAL GLAND
- THE THYROID GLAND
  - Elementary Histology
    - The Follicular Cells
    - The C-Cells (Parafollicular Cells)
- THE PARATHYROID GLANDS
- THE SUPRARENAL GLANDS
  - The Suprarenal Cortex
    - Layers of the Cortex
    - Hormones produced by the Suprarenal Cortex
  - The Suprarenal Medulla
- CLINICAL CORRELATIONS OF ENDOCRINE ORGANS
  - THYROID GLAND
    - Hyperparathyroidism
    - Hypoparathyroidism
23:The Nervous System
- GROSS ANATOMY OF THE BRAINSTEM
- GROSS ANATOMY OF THE CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES
- SOME IMPORTANT TRACTS
- SOME IMPORTANT MASSES OF GREY MATTER
- THE VENTRICLES OF THE BRAIN
  - Cerebrospinal Fluid
24:The Eye and Ear
- THE EYEBALL
  - The Visual Pathway
    - Refractive Errors
    - Other Disorders
- THE EAR AND SOME RELATED STRUCTURES
APPENDICES: Further Learning Through Pictures
- THE CLAVICLE
- THE SCAPULA 1
- THE SCAPULA 2
- THE HUMERUS
- THE RADIUS
- THE ULNA
- BONES OF THE WRIST AND HAND
- THE PELVIS
- THE HIP BONE – 1
- THE HIP BONE – 2
- THE FEMUR
- THE TIBIA
- THE FIBULA
- BONES OF THE FOOT
- TYPICAL THORACIC VERTEBRAE
- CERVICAL VERTEBRAE
- LUMBAR VERTEBRAE
- THE SACRUM
- THE STERNUM AND RIBS
- CRANIAL FOSSAE
- THE MANDIBLE
- THE THORACIC AORTA
- THE CORONARY ARTERIES
- VEINS OF THE HEART
- BRANCHES OF ARCH OF AORTA
- SUPERIOR VENA CAVA
- ABDOMINAL AORTA
- COMMON ILIAC ARTERIES AND VEINS
- INFERIOR VENA CAVA
- INTERNAL ILIAC ARTERY
- AXILLARY ARTERY AND ITS BRANCHES
- ANASTOMOSES AROUND THE SCAPULA
- ARTERIES OF THE ARM AND ANASTOMOSES AROUND THE ELBOW
- ARTERIES AND NERVES OF PALM
- FEMORAL ARTERY, VEIN AND NERVE
- SOME ARTERIES IN THE NECK
- INTRACRANIAL VENOUS SINUSES
- SOME VEINS OF THE HEAD AND NECK
- THE BRACHIAL PLEXUS
- MEDIAN NERVE
- ULNAR NERVE
- RADIAL NERVE
- THE SCIATIC NERVE
- DEEP PERONEAL NERVE
- SUPERFICIAL PERONEAL NERVE
- TIBIAL NERVE
- MEDIAL PLANTAR NERVE
- LATERAL PLANTAR NERVE
- SOME NERVES OF THE HEAD
- MANDIBULAR, GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL AND HYPOGLOSSAL NERVES
- VAGUS, ACCESSORY AND PHRENIC NERVES

INDEX

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Index

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Chapter Notes