Editors Asim Kurjak
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Medical School University of Zagreb Sveti Duh Hospital Zagreb, Croatia
Jose Bajo Arenas
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University Hospital Sta. Cristina
Madrid, Spain
5Contributors
Jitendar P Vij
Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd
EMCA House, 23/23B Ansari Road, Daryaganj
New Delhi 110 002, India
Phones: +91-11-23272143, +91-11-23272703, +91-11-23282021, +91-11-23245672
Fax: +91-11-23276490, +91-11-23245683 e-mail: jaypee@jaypeebrothers.com
Visit our website: www.jaypeebrothers.com
Branches
- 202 Batavia Chambers, 8 Kumara Krupa Road, Kumara Park East,Bangalore 560 001, Phones: +91-80-22285971, +91-80-22382956, +91-80-30614073Tele Fax: +91-80-22281761 e-mail: jaypeebc@bgl.vsnl.net.in
- 282 IIIrd Floor, Khaleel Shirazi Estate, Fountain PlazaPantheon Road, Chennai 600 008, Phones: +91-44-28262665, +91-44-28269897Fax: +91-44-28262331 e-mail: jpmedpub@md3.vsnl.net.in
- 4-2-1067/1-3, Ist Floor, Balaji Building, RamkoteCross Road, Hyderabad 500 095, Phones: +91-40-55610020, +91-40-24758498Fax: +91-40-24758499 e-mail: jpmedpub@rediffmail.com
- 1A Indian Mirror Street, Wellington SquareKolkata 700 013, Phone: +91-33-22451926 Fax: +91-33-22456075e-mail: jpbcal@cal.vsnl.net.in
- 106 Amit Industrial Estate, 61 Dr SS Rao Road, Near MGM HospitalParel, Mumbai 400 012, Phones: +91-22-24124863, +91-22-24104532, +91-22-30926896Fax: +91-22-24160828 e-mail: jpmedpub@bom7.vsnl.net.in
Donald School Textbook of Transvaginal Sonography
© 2005, Editors
All rights reserved. No part of this publication should be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means: electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the editors and the publisher.
First Edition: 2005
9788180614590
Typeset at JPBMP typesetting unit
Printed at Gopsons Papers Ltd., Sector 60, Noida
to
Biserka, Igor and Alan
—Asim Kurjak
Marina, Marinita and Juan
—Jose Bajo Arenas
- Alenka Aksamija
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Medical School University of Zagreb
- Sveti Duh Hospital
- Zagreb, Croatia
- Muna T Al-Abdulla
- Al-Amal Maternity Hospital
- Amman, Jordan
- Omar A Al-Omari
- Al-Amal Maternity Hospital
- Amman, Jordan
- Wiku Andonotopo
- Department of Health
- Ministry of Health Republic of Indonesia
- Jakarta, Indonesia
- Aris Antsaklis
- 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
- University of Athens
- Athens, Greece
- Jose Bajo Arenas
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- University Hospital Sta. Cristina
- Madrid, Spain
- Guillermo Azumendi
- Clinica Gutenberg
- Malaga, Spain
- Kazunori Baba
- Center for Maternal
- Fetal and Neonatal Medicine
- Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical School
- 1981, Kamoda, Kawagoe
- Saitama, Japan
- María J Barco
- University Clinic “Lozano Blesa”
- Zaragoza, Spain
- Santiago Bau
- International Ruber Hospital
- Madrid, Spain
- Z Belics
- I. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University
- Budapest, Hungary
- Branko Breyer
- Breyer Laboratory
- Zagreb, Croatia
- Yesin Bulbul Baytur
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
- Celal Bayar University
- School of Medicine
- Manisa, Turkey
- Raydeen Busse
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- John A Burns School of Medicine
- University of Hawaii
- Kapiolani Medical Center for Women and Children
- Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
- PS Casas
- Ultrasound Division and Foetal Medicine
- University Hospital of Canary Islands
- Sta Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
- M Clavijo
- Unit of Ultrasound and Foetal Medicine
- University Hospital of Canary Islands
- Tenerife, Spain
- Vincenzo D'Addario
- 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- University of Bari
- Bari, Italy
- G Daskalakis
- 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
- Fetal Medicine Unit
- Athens University
- Athens, Greece
- Deepika Deka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences
- L Di Cagno
- 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- University of Bari
- Bari, Italy
- T Fekete
- I. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Faculty of Medicine
- Semmelweis University
- Budapest, Hungary
- Mattia Gentile
- Department of Medical Genetics
- IRCCS “Saverio de Bellis”
- Castellana Grotte (Bari)
- Italy
- M Gómez-Frieiro
- Unit of Ultrasound and Foetal Medicine
- University Hospital of Canary Islands
- Tenerife, Spain
- Uwe Hasbargen
- Klinikum der Universität München
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe-Grosshadern
- München, Germany
- Ivo M Heer
- Klinikum der Universität München
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe-Grosshadern
- München, Germany
- P Hernández-Ponz
- Ultrasound Division and Foetal Medicine
- University Hospital of Canary Islands
- Sta Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
- Christoph Hübener
- Klinikum der Universität München
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe-Grosshadern
- München, Germany
- Takashi Ito
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Hakuai Hospital
- Yonago, Japan
- Sanja Kupesic
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Medical School University of Zagreb
- Sveti Duh Hospital
- Zagreb, Croatia
- Asim Kurjak
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Medical School University of Zagreb
- Sveti Duh Hospital
- Zagreb, Croatia
- Kazuo Maeda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Tottori University School of Medicine
- Yonago, Japan
- W Mahtani
- Unit of Ultrasound and Foetal Medicine
- University hospital of Canary
- Islands, Tenerife
- Spain
- Narendra Malhotra
- Malhotra Nursing and Maternity Home Pvt. Ltd.
- Agra, India
- OY Marco
- Ultrasound Division and Foetal Medicine
- University Hospital of Canary Islands
- Sta Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
- L Martínez-Cortés
- Ultrasound Division and Foetal Medicine
- University Hospital of Canary Islands
- Sta Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
- I Martínez-Wallin
- Ultrasound Division and Foetal Medicine
- University Hospital of Canary Islands
- Sta Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
- Anita Matai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences
- New Delhi, India
- Luis T Mercé
- International Ruber Hospital
- Madrid, Spain
- Takashi Murakami
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
- Sendai, Japan
- Tomoko Ogura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Taijukai-Kaisei General Hospital
- Kunihiro Okamura
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
- Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
- Sendai, Japan
- Zoltan Papp
- Ist Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University
- Budapest, Hungary
- Ma Angela Pascual
- Gynecological Ultrasound Unit
- Obstetrical and Gynecological Department
- Institut Universitari Dexeus
- Barcelona, Spain
- T Perez-Medina
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- University Hospital Sta. Cristina
- Madrid, Spain
- KyongHon Pooh
- Department of Neurosurgery
- Kagawa National Children's Hospital
- Zentsuji, Japan
- Ritsuko K Pooh
- Department of Obstetrics and Maternal Fetal Medicine
- Center for Maternal,
- Fetal and Neonatal Medicine
- Kagawa National Children's Hospital
- Zentsuji, Japan
- Mladen Predanic
- Maternal-Fetal Medicine Division
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Weill Medical College of Cornell University
- New York, USA
- Matija Prka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Medical School University of Zagreb
- Sveti Duh Hospital
- Zagreb, Croatia
- Rosa Sabatel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- University of Granada, Spain
- Maher G Sarraf
- Director of Al-Amal Maternity Hospital
- Head of Ultrasound and Fetal Well-Being Department
- Amman, Jordan
- Cihat Sen
- Department of Perinatology
- Obstetrics and Gynecology
- University of Istanbul
- Cerrahpasa Medical School
- Istanbul, Turkey
- M Serizawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- West Shizuoka Medical Center
- Hamamatsu, Japan
- Kuldeep Singh
- Dr Kuldeep's Ultrasound and Color Doppler Clinic
- New Delhi, India
- A Souka
- 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
- University of Athens
- Athens, Greece
- Antonio Stanziano
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- University of Bari
- Bari, Italy
- JM Troyano Luque
- Unit of Ultrasound and Foetal Medicine
- University hospital of Canary Islands
- Tenerife, Spain
- Masaji Utsu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Seirei Mikatahara Hospital
- Hamamatsu, Japan
- Gino Varga
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Medical School University of Zagreb
- Sveti Duh Hospital
- Zagreb, Croatia
- Nenad Vecek
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Medical School University of Zagreb
- Sveti Duh Hospital
- Zagreb, Croatia
- Gennaro Volpe
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Hospital Di Venere
- Paolo Volpe
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Hospital Di Venere
- Bari, Italy
- Nobuhiro Yamamoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Seirei Mikatahara Hospital
- Hamamatsu, Japan
- Ivica Zalud
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- John A Burns School of Medicine
- University of Hawaii
- Kapiolani Medical Center for Women and Children
- Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
In recent years, there have been dramatic technical advances in diagnostic ultrasound. The advent of color Doppler, power Doppler and, more recently, three-dimensional imaging has very dramatically developed into a revolution of new ways of doing and seeing things. These developments now occur at such a rapid pace that unless we keep up with the developing technology, we will inevitably and inexorably fall behind. In order to stay with the leading edge of diagnostic ultrasound, one has to keep pace with what colleagues are doing around the world. This book, written by the lecturers of the Ian Donald Inter-University School of Medical Ultrasound, represents the current knowledge on one of the newest achievements in obstetric and gynecologic ultrasonography, transvaginal sonography.
In recent years, the sophisticated ultrasound imaging technique of transvaginal ultrasound has become available for both obstetricians and gynecologist. Today, many types of transvaginal probe exist which are designed with adequate shape and high frequency of ultrasound such as 5.0, 6.0, 6.5 or 7.5 MHz. Accordingly high quality of 2D and 3D images of the uterus, ovaries or the early conceptus in the uterus can be obtained through the vaginal fornix, even though with some limitations like a narrow view field of the image.
The most exciting recent developments are color Doppler and transvaginal sonography. The combination of these two modalities in the same vaginal probe provides for superb simultaneous visualization of structural and flow information and offers new insight into dynamic studies of blood flow within the female pelvis. Most of these exciting developments are illustrated in this book.
The authors contributing to Textbook of Transvaginal Sonography have all been selected for their special expertise in their own chosen fields, their access to outstanding visual material and their ability to explain the significance of it in an effective and lucid way. Finally, particular emphasis is being placed on achieving a very high quality reproduction in the printing process itself in order to do full justice to the wide variety of visual images presented.
The Textbook contains 550 original (black & white and color) ultrasound pictures, as well as diagrams and photographs of babies after delivery. The book is divided into 5 sections with total of 40 chapters covering general aspects, obstetrics, gynecology and infertility, Doppler sonography and 3D and 4D transvaginal sonography. This major new work in ultrasound diagnosis also comprises an outstanding collection of images produced by the most sophisticated techniques and equipment currently available. We do believe that this book will be of great value to gynecologists, obstetricians and specialists in infertility as well as to diagnostic radiologists.
We are grateful to all contributors and to the publisher and secretary Mrs Jadranka Cerovec with whom we have worked so pleasantly.
Asim Kurjak
Jose Bajo Arenas