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Dr Agarwals’ Step by Step Oculoplastic Surgery
Amar Agarwal, Athiya Agarwal, Sunita Agarwal
CHAPTER 1:
Anatomy of the Lids
INTRODUCTION
SURFACE ANATOMY
EYEBROWS
EYELIDS
STRUCTURE OF THE EYELIDS
Skin
Subcutaneous Areolar Tissue
Layer of Striated Muscle
Orbicularis Oculi
Action
Levator Palpebrae Superioris
Submuscular Areolar Tissue
Fibrous Layer
Tarsal Plates
Orbital Septum
Layer of Nonstriated Muscle Fibers
Nerve Supply
CONJUNCTIVA
GLANDS OF EYELIDS
NERVES OF THE EYELID
ARTERIAL SUPPLY OF THE EYELIDS
VENOUS DRAINAGE
LYMPHATIC DRAINAGE
BELL's PHENOMENON
CHAPTER 2:
Diseases of the Lids
INFLAMMATORY CONDITIONS OF THE LIDS
Stye (Hordeolum Externum)
Treatment
Chalazion (Meibomian Cyst)
Treatment
Hordeolum Internum (Acute Meibomitis)
Tarsitis (Fig. 2.4)
Blepharitis
Clinical Features
Treatment
Herpes Zoster (Figs 2.6 and 2.7)
Clinical Features
Treatment
Dermatitis
Treatment
Molluscum Contagiosum (Fig. 2.10)
Warts (Verruca Vulgaris) (Fig. 2.11)
TUMORS OF THE LIDS
Epithelial Cutaneous Tumors
Benign Epithelial Tumors
Precancerous Lesions
Malignant Epithelial Tumors
Treatment
Epithelial Glandular Tumors
Sebaceous Gland Tumors
Mesenchymal Tumors
Tumors of Lymphoreticular System
Melanocytic Tumors
Benign Melanocytic Tumors
Dermal Malanocytic Tumors
Epidermal Melanocytic Tumors
Malignant Melanocytic Tumors
Prognostic Factors
Vascular Tumors
Cavernous Hemangiomas
Lymphangioma
Glomus Tumor
Angiosarcoma
Nerve Tissue Tumors
Neurofibromatosis (von Recklinghausen's Disease)
Plexiform Neurofibroma (Fig. 2.28)
Diffuse Neurofibroma
Metastatic Tumors
CONGENITAL ANOMALIES OF EYELID
Epicanthal Folds
Treatment
Telecanthus
Treatment
Blepharophimosis
Treatment
Euriblepharon
Colobomas of Lid
Ankyloblepharon
MISCELLANEOUS LID CONDITIONS
Xanthelasma (Fig. 2.33)
Essential Blepharospasm
Blepharochalasis (Fig. 2.34)
Exposure Keratitis
Micropigmentation of the Eyelids
FURTHER READING
CHAPTER 3:
Ptosis
INTRODUCTION
ANATOMY
CLASSIFICATION
Neurogenic Ptosis
Myogenic Ptosis
Aponeurotic Ptosis
Mechanical Ptosis
PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
TREATMENT
Aponeurotic Advancement
Tarsal Resection
Brow Sling
Blepharoplasty/Brow Elevation
Seventh Nerve Weakening
Orbital Volume Augmentation
Strabismus Surgery
COMPLICATIONS
SUMMARY
CHAPTER 4:
Ectropion
INTRODUCTION
PATHOGENESIS
PRESENTATION
PATIENT EVALUATION
TREATMENT
CONGENITAL ECTROPION
INVOLUTIONAL ECTROPION
Punctoplasty
Surgical Correction of Punctal Ectropion
Electrocautery7
Medial Spindle Procedure (Tarsoconjunctival Spindle Resection)
Surgical Correction of Medial Ectropion
Medial Canthal Ligament Plication
Smith Lazy-T Procedure11
Block Resection at the Medial Canthal Ligament
Surgical Correction of Generalized Ectropion
Lateral Tarsal Strip Procedure (LTS)
Smith Modification of the Kuhnt-Szymanowsky Procedure
Correction of Tarsal Ectropion
CICATRICIAL ECTROPION
Wedge Resection, Z-plasty, V-Y Plasty
Lateral Tarsal Strip Procedure for Cicatricial Ectropion
Skin Flaps or Grafts for Cicatricial Ectropion
PARALYTIC ECTROPION
Temporary Suture Tarsorrhaphy
Reversible Tarsorrhaphy
Lateral Tarsal Strip for Paralytic Ectropion
Permanent Tarsorrhaphy
MECHANICAL ECTROPION
Floppy Eyelid Syndrome
CHAPTER 5:
Entropion, Trichiasis and Distichiasis
INTRODUCTION
ENTROPION
Pathogenesis
Presentation
Patient Evaluation
Treatment
CONGENITAL ENTROPION
INVOLUTIONAL ENTROPION
Transconjunctival Entropion Repair
Eyelid Rotation Sutures11 (Quickert-Rathbun Sutures)
Wies Transverse Tarsotomy (Transverse Lid Split with Everting Sutures)
The Four-snip Operation (Allen's Modification of the Quickert Operation)13
Reinsertion of the Retractors
Stasior Modification of the Wheeler Procedure
CICATRICIAL ENTROPION
Surgical Correction Procedures
Wies Procedure
Tarsal Fracturing or Tarsal Hinge
Posterior Lamellar Graft 24, 25
Lid Split Procedure26
SPASTIC ENTROPION
TRICHIASIS AND DISTICHIASIS
Management
Electrolysis28
Cryotherapy
Wies Procedure and Lid Split Procedure
Rotation of the Terminal Tarsus30, 31
CHAPTER 6:
Blepharoplasty*
INTRODUCTION
UPPER BLEPHAROPLASTY
TRANSCONJUNCTIVAL LOWER BLEPHAROPLASTY
TRANSCUTANEOUS LOWER BLEPHAROPLASTY
CHAPTER 7:
Laser Assisted Blepharoplasty and Laser Resurfacing for the Treatment of Facial Rhytids
INTRODUCTION
LASER BLEPHAROPLASTY
Upper Lid Blepharoplasty
Lower Lid Blepharoplasty
Transconjunctival Blepharoplasty
LASER RESURFACING
CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 8:
Botulinum Toxin (Botox®): Functional and Cosmetic Uses*
INTRODUCTION
BOTULINUM TOXIN
FUNCTIONAL DISORDERS
Blepharospasm
Hemifacial Spasm
Treatment with Botox
COSMETIC USES
Technique
Glabella and Procerus Rhytids
Forehead Rhytids
Periocular Lines: Crow's Feet and Lateral Lower Lid
UPPER LIP
PLATYSMAL BANDS
CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 9:
Brow Lift Surgery
INTRODUCTION
ANATOMY (Fig. 9.1)
EYEBROW ESTHETICS
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
BROW LIFT SURGERY
Direct Brow Lift
Midforehead Lift
Pretrichal Brow Lift
Coronal Brow Lift
Endoscopic Forehead Lift (Figs 9.4 and 9.5)
FIXATION METHODS
COMPLICATIONS
SUMMARY
CHAPTER 10:
Facelift*
INTRODUCTION
PREPARATION
PLANNING THE INCISION
PROCEDURE
INDEX
TOC
Index
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