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Recent Advances in PediatricsVol 14 (2004), Vol 13 (2003), Vol 12 (2002), Vol 11 (2001), Vol 10 (2000), Vol 9 (1999), Vol 8 (1998), Vol 7 (1997), Vol 6 (1996), Vol 5 (1995), Vol 4 (1994), Vol 3 (1993), Vol 2 (1992), Vol 1 (1991)
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Recent Advances in Pediatrics: Special VolumesSpecial Vol 15 (2004) Pediatric NephrologySpecial Vol 14 (2004) Criticare PediatricsSpecial Vol 13 (2004) Pediatric EndocrinologySpecial Vol 12 (2003) Neonatal EmergenciesSpecial Vol 11 (2002) Community PediatricsSpecial Vol 10 (2002) PulmonologySpecial Vol 9 (2001) NeurologySpecial Vol 8 (2000) Emergency PediatricsSpecial Vol 7 (1999) HematologySpecial Vol 6 (1998) Gastroenterology, Hepatology and NutritionSpecial Vol 5 (1997) Neonatology 2Special Vol 4 (1996) NeonatologySpecial Vol 3 (1999) Tropical Pediatrics 2Special Vol 2 (1998) Tropical PediatricsSpecial Vol 1 (1997) Nutrition, Growth and Development
Forthcoming RAP Volumes
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RAP 16: Miscellaneous Topical Issues in Pediatrics
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RAP Special Vol 16: Pediatric Cardiology
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RAP Special Vol 17: Adolescence
Other Available Titles
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The Short Textbook of Pediatrics, 10th (Silver Jubilee) edn, 2004
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Differential Diagnosis in Pediatrics, 4th edn, 2002
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Instructive Case Studies in Pediatrics, 4th edn, 2002
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Pediatric Drug Directory, 7th edn, 2001.
Honorary Director: Pediatric Education Network
Editor: The Short Textbook of Pediatrics, Textbook of Pediatric Emergencies, Pediatric Yearbook Series, Pediatric Today Monograph Series, Newer Horizons in Tropical Pediatrics, Towards MRCPCH Part II (Theory) Examination
Author: Differential Diagnosis in Pediatrics, Instructive Case Studies in Pediatrics, Pediatric Drug Directory, MCQs in Pediatrics, Infant Feeding, Speaking of Child Care: Everything You Wanted to Know, The Baby Book: The Parents’ Guide from Birth to Infancy
Coeditor: Asian Journal of Maternal and Child Health (Manila, Philippines)
Section Editor: Pediatrics Today (New Delhi, India)
Editorial Adviser: Asian Journal of Pediatric Practice (New Delhi, India)
Editorial Advisory
Board Member: Indian Journal of Pediatrics (New Delhi, India), Synopsis: A Current Survey of World Literature in Pediatrics (Detroit, USA), Indian Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (Jaipur, India), Maternal and Child Nutrition (Preston, UK)
Examiner: National Board of Examinations (NBE) for DNB, New Delhi, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh, Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences (SKIMS) and several universities
Pediatric Faculty Selection Expert: All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, Punjab Public Service Commission
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Recent Advances in Pediatrics—15
© 2005, Shamma-Bakshi Gupte, Executive Editor
All rights reserved. No part of this publication should be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means: electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the editor and the publisher.
This book has been published in good faith that the material provided by contributors is original. Every effort is made to ensure accuracy of material, but the publisher, printer and editor will not be held responsible for any inadvertent error(s). In case of any dispute, all legal matters are to be settled under Delhi jurisdiction only.
9788180614934
Typeset at JPBMP typesetting unit
Contributors
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Anthony Abraham
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Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition
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Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, London, UK
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Ch 3: Rehydration in Acute Diarrheal Disease
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Robin C Abrams
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Consultant
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Department of Pediatrics
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Hospital for Sick Children
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Toronto, Canada
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Ch 3: Rehydration in Acute Diarrheal Disease
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Ruchi Agarwal
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Senior Resident
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Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
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Ludhiana, Punjab, India
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Ch 31: Prenatal Diagnosis
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Anju Aggarwal
-
Senior Lecturer
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Department of Pediatrics
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University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital
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New Delhi, India
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Ch 10: Acute Stroke in Children
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Kanika Arya
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Resident
-
Department of Pediatrics
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Christian Medical College
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Ludhiana, Punjab, India
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Ch 37: Dysmorphism
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Roosy Aulakh
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Resident
-
Department of Pediatrics
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Christian Medical College
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Ludhiana, Punjab, India
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Ch 22: Meconium Aspiration Syndrome
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Adhisivam B
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Senior Resident
-
Department of Pediatrics
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Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Pondicherry, India
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Ch 2: The Child with Bloody Diarrhea
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Akash A Bang
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Resident
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Department of Pediatrics
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Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sewagram Maharashtra, India
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Ch 19: Issues and Controversies in Childhood Tuberculosis
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Sandeep B Bavdekar
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Professor
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Department of Pediatrics
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Seth GS Medical College and KEM Hospital Parel, Mumbai Maharashtra, India
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Ch 7: Immunonutrition
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B Vishnu Bhat
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Professor
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Department of Pediatrics
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Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Pondicherry, India
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Ch 2: The Child with Bloody Diarrhea
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Ch 16: Septic Shock
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Ch 35: Fetal Therapy
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MS Bhatia
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Professor and Head
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Department of Psychiatry
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University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital
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Delhi, India
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Ch 29: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
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Ch 30: Childhood Hysteria
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Assistant Professor
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Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Dayanand Medical College
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Ludhiana, Punjab, India
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Ch 24: Adolescent Health Care: Informed Consent and Confidentiality
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Ch 26: Adolescent Depression
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Karunakara BP
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Assistant Professor
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Department of Pediatrics
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MS Ramaiah Medical College
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Bangalore,
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Karnataka, India
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Ch 12 : Sickle Cell Disease
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Ch 14: Hypothyroidism
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Ch 20: Neonatal Fluid and Electrolyte Therapy
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Ch 27: Immunocompromised Child
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S Chakravorty
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Specialist Registrar
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Pediatric Hematology
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Great Ormond Street Hospital
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London, UK
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Ch 13: Bone Marrow Transplantation in Children
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Pushpa Chaturvedi
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Professor and Head
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Department of Pediatrics
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Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Sewagram Maharashtra, India
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Ch 19: Issues and Controversies in Childhood Tuberculosis
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Ch 25: Adolescence Sexuality
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Akash Deep
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Clinical Fellow
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Pediatric Intensive Care Unit
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St Mary's Hospital London, UK
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Ch 8: Acute Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome
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Ch 9: Assisted Ventilation
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KE Elizabeth
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Consultant in Pediatrics, Nutrition and Genetics
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Associate Professor
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Dept. of Pediatrics, SAT Hospital
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Govt. Medical College
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Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
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Ch 33: Sex Determination and Sex Chromosome Abnormalities
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Ch 34: Genetic Inheritance and Genetic Counseling
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Swati Gadewar
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Pediatrician, Department of Pediatrics
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University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Ch 1: Enteral Nutrition
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Suraj Gupte
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Director, Children's Health Center
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Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
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Ch 3: Rehydration in Acute Diarrheal Disease
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Karoly Horvath
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Director
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Pediatric Gastroenterology Training Program, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition
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University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Ch 1: Enteral Nutrition
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Tarun Jain
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Senior Resident, Department of Surgery
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University College of Medical Sciences
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and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital
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Delhi, India
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Ch 36: Down Syndrome: Surgical Aspects
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Bhuvneshwar Kapoor
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Professor and Head
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Postgraduate Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics
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Government Medical College
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Jammu, India
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Ch 11: Pharmacotherapy of Pediatric Hypertension
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Assistant Professor
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Department of Pediatrics
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Maulana Azad Medical College
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New Delhi, India
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Ch 32: Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis
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RK Kaushal
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Professor and Head
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Department of Pediatrics
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Indira Gandhi Medical College
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Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
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Ch 4: Chemotherapy of Intestinal Parasitosis
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Gibby Koshy
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Senior Resident
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Department of Pediatrics
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SAT Hospital
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Government Medical College
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Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
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Ch 34: Genetic Inheritance and Genetic Counseling
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PP Maiya
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Professor and Head
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Department of Pediatrics
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MS Ramaiah Medical College
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Bangalore
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Ch 12 : Sickle Cell Disease
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Ch 14: Hypothyroidism
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Ch 20: Neonatal Fluid and Electrolyte Therapy
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Ch 27: Immunocompromised Child
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John Matthai
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Pediatric Gastroenterologist and Professor of Pediatrics
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Department of Pediatrics
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PSG Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Peelamedu, Coimbatore Tamil Nadu, India
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Ch 5: Inflammatory Bowel Disease
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OP Mishra
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Reader
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Department of Pediatrics
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Institute of Medical Sciences
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Banaras Hindu University (BHU)
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Varanasi, UP, India
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Ch 15: Visceral Leishmaniasis
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Anup Mohta
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Associate Professor
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Department of Surgery
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University College of Medical Sciences
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and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital
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Delhi, India
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Ch 36: Down Syndrome : Surgical Aspects
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Ch 38: Ethical Issues in Pediatric Surgery
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Manish Narang
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Senior Resident
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Department of Pediatrics
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University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital
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New Delhi, India
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Ch 10: Acute Stroke in Children
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Narayanan P
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Senior Resident
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Department of Pediatrics
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Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate
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Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Pondicherry, India
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Ch 35: Fetal Therapy
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Sarah Paul
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Professor and Head
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Department of Pediatrics
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PSG Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Peelamedu, Coimbatore Tamil Nadu, India
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Ch 5: Inflammatory Bowel Disease
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Rajniti Prasad
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Lecturer, Department of Pediatrics
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Institute of Medical Sciences
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Banaras Hindu University (BHU)
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Varanasi, India
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Ch 15: Visceral Leishmaniasis
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Uma Raju (Col)
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Senior Adviser Pediatrics and Neonatology, Command Hospital
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Pune, Maharashtra, India
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Ch 21: Magnesium and the Neonate
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Sreedhar Raju S
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Senior Resident
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Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate
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Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Pondicherry, India
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Ch 16: Septic Shock
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Resident, Department of Pediatrics
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Indira Gandhi Medical College
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Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India
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Ch 4: Chemotherapy of Intestinal Parasitosis
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Mukti Sharma (Lt Col)
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Classified Specialist Pediatrics and Pediatric Cardiology
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Command Hospital
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Lucknow Cantt, UP, India
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Ch 21: Magnesium and the Neonate
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Rashmi Sharma
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Demonstrator
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Postgraduate Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics
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Government Medical College
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Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
-
Ch 11: Pharmacotherapy of Pediatric Hypertension
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Surjit Singh
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Additional Professor
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Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics/Advanced Pediatric Center
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Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER)
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Chandigarh, India
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Ch 28: Kawasaki Disease: Diagnostic Perspectives
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Tejinder Singh
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Professor
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Department of Pediatrics
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Christian Medical College
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Ludhiana, Punjab, India
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Ch 22: Meconium Aspiration Syndrome
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Ch 37: Dysmorphism
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Utpal Kant Singh
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Professor and Head
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Department of Pediatrics
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Nalanda Medical College
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Patna, Bihar, India
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Ch 15: Visceral Leishmaniasis
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Praveen C Sobti
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Associate Professor
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Department of Pediatrics
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Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, India
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Ch 24: Adolescent Health Care: Informed Consent and Confidentiality
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Ch 26: Adolescent Depression
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Ch 31: Prenatal Diagnosis
-
Inderpreet Sohi
-
Reader
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Department of Pediatrics
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Christian Medical College
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Ludhiana, Punjab, India
-
Ch 22: Meconium Aspiration Syndrome
-
Ch 37: Dysmorphism
-
Shruti Srivastava
-
Senior Resident
-
Department of Psychiatry
-
University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital
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Delhi, India
-
Ch 29: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
-
Ch 30: Childhood Hysteria
-
Jyoti Suvarna
-
Associate Professor
-
Department of Pediatrics
-
Seth GS Medical College and KEM Hospital Parel, Mumbai Maharashtra, India
-
Ch 7: Immunonutrition
-
Ashima Taneja
-
Assistant Professor
-
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Dayanand Medical College and Hospital
-
Ludhiana, India
-
Ch 24: Adolescent Health Care: Informed Consent and Confidentiality
-
Ch 26: Adolescent Depression
-
Ch 31: Prenatal Diagnosis
-
Consultant Pediatrician
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208, Sector 1-A Gandhidham Gujarat, India
-
Ch 17: Polio Eradication: Current Scenario and End Game Strategies
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BR Thapa
-
Additional Professor and Head
-
Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition
-
Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER)
-
Chandigarh, India
-
Ch 6: Acute Liver Failure
-
Satish K Tiwari
-
Associate Professor
-
Department of Pediatrics
-
Medical College
-
Amravati, Maharashtra, India
-
Ch 19: Issues and Controversies in Childhood Tuberculosis
-
Ch 25: Adolescence Sexuality
-
Vipin M Vashishtha
-
Consultant Pediatrician
-
Shakti Chowk
-
Bijnor, UP, India
-
Ch 17: Polio Eradication: Current Scenario and End Game Strategies
-
Ch 18: Influenza Vaccination Today
-
V Vatwani (Brig)
-
Professor and Head
-
Department of Pediatrics
-
Dr DY Patil Medical College
-
Pimpri, Pune,
-
Maharashtra, India
-
Ch 23: Adolescent Health: An Overview
-
Anuj Walia
-
Senior Resident
-
Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition
-
Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER)
-
Chandigarh
This 15th Annual volume of the noted international series, RecentAdvances in Pediatrics, first launched in 1991 and now concurrently in its 15th Special Volume (RAP Special Vol 15: PediatricNephrology), aims at covering topical issues in pediatrics. The 38 state-of-the-art chapters contributed by as many as 51 distinguished contributors drawn from within India and abroad, attempt to review the depth and breadth of knowledge in the field of pediatrics with special reference to its applicability in the Indian subcontinent.
Each and every chapter is remarkable by its excellence, providing a stimulating, mature, informed and, not infrequently, provocative update. Such an approach is understandably befitting when the goal is not only to inform but also to motivate discussion, interaction, research and innovation.
In keeping with the professed policy of the series, multidisciplinary approach with an eye on future continues to occupy pride of place in this volume too.
We wish to record our indebtedness to our distinguished contributors for reposing trust and confidence in our editorship. Nevertheless, we offer our apology to some authors whose contributions could not be included in this volume for reasons beyond our control.
Our thanks are due to the Advisory Editorial Board for providing inputs and advice in various editorial matters, and to the peer reviewers for providing speedy assessment of the submitted chapters.
Our daughter, Novy, a prefinal MBBS student in the Government Medical College, Jammu, and son, Manu, a 5th semester student of BE in the MBS College of Engineering and Technology, Jammu, were gracious enough to volunteer all sorts of assistance in taking the project to its logical conclusion,
Last but not the least, our gratitudes are due to the Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd and their dedicated staff for the skillful production qualities of the volume.
Suraj Gupte
Academic Editor
Shamma-Bakshi Gupte
Executive Editor