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Critical Care Update 2004 Vineet Nayyar

SECTION A: EDUCATION & TRAINING IN CRITICAL CARE
ONE:Critical Care Education in India: Well Begun is Half Done
- INTRODUCTION
- GOALS
- ENTRY REQUIREMENTS AND CURRICULUM
- TRAINING SITES AND INSTRUCTORS
- FINAL ASSESSMENT OF CANDIDATES
- LIMITATIONS TO CRITICAL CARE EDUCATION IN INDIA
- WELL BEGUN IS HALF DONE
TWO:Web-based Resources for Critical Care Education
- INTRODUCTION
- JOURNALS
- ONLINE BOOKS FOR THE INTENSIVIST
- CRITICAL CARE CASES
- MEDICAL LECTURES
- ONLINE MEDICAL EVENTS
  - Critical Care Conferences on the Internet
    - The First International Congress on Critical Care Medicine in Internet
- DISCUSSION GROUPS
- CRITICAL CARE WEBSITES
- MEDICAL SOFTWARE FOR THE INTENSIVIST
  - PC Based Software
- PDA
  - Medical Calculators
- PROTOCOLS AND GUIDELINES
- CRITICAL CARE SOCIETIES/ORGANIZATIONS
- FUTURE VISION
THREE:Simulation-based Education in Critical Care
- INTRODUCTION
- EDUCATION THEORY
- WHAT IS SIMULATION?
- WHY SIMULATION IN CRITICAL CARE?
- SIMULATION: TYPES AND VARIETY
  - High Level Simulator
  - Simulation-based Education
- JUSTIFICATION
- DRAWBACKS
- CONCLUSIONS
SECTION B: RENAL PROBLEMS IN ICU
FOUR:Acute Renal Failure—Failure of the Kidneys and of Definitions
- INTRODUCTION
- ARF—FAILURE OF DEFINITIONS
  - Definitions of ARF—Challenges
  - Definitions of ARF—Limitations
- ARF—FAILURE OF KIDNEYS
- RECENT DEVELOPMENTS—RIFLE CRITERIA
  - Validation of New Definitions
- CONCLUSIONS
FIVE:Renal Protective Strategies in Acute Renal Failure
- INTRODUCTION
- ACUTE TUBULAR NECROSIS PRESENTING AS ARF
- RADIOCONTRAST INDUCED ARF
  - Hydration
  - N-acetylcysteine
- NEPHROTOXIC DRUG INDUCED ARF
  - Management
- OTHER CAUSES OF ARF
  - Therapy
- CONCLUSION
SIX:Diuretics in Acute Renal Failure: Have Recent Studies Broken New Ground?
- INTRODUCTION
- RATIONALE FOR THE USE OF DIURETICS
- WHAT WAS THE PREVAILING VIEW IN THE LITERATURE OF THE PAST?
- WHAT DO THE RECENT STUDIES SHOW?
- DISCUSSION
- CONCLUSION
SEVEN:Does Aggressive Intermittent Hemodialysis Measure up to Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy (CRRT)?
- INTRODUCTION
- TECHNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS
  - Potential Advantages of CRRT over Intermittent Hemodialysis Techniques
  - Potential Disadvantages of CRRT Compared with IHD
- THERAPY COMPARISONS: WHAT ARE THE DATA?
- WHICH MODALITY SHOULD BE USED?
- SUMMARY
SECTION C: CARDIOVASCULAR PROBLEMS IN ICU
EIGHT:Cardiogenic Shock: Revisited
- INTRODUCTION
- CLINICAL PRESENTATION
- PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
- B-TYPE NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE—AN EMERGING TOOL
- INITIAL MANAGEMENT
- USE OF VASOACTIVE AGENTS
- REVASCULARIZATION AND MECHANICAL SUPPORT
- FUTURE DIRECTIONS
- ISSUES IN MANAGEMENT OF CARDIOGENIC SHOCK
- CONCLUSION
NINE:Is It Time to Bid Farewell to the Pulmonary Artery Catheter?
- INTRODUCTION
- HISTORICAL EVIDENCE IN SUPPORT OF PAC USE IN CRITICAL CARE
- HISTORICAL EVIDENCE AGAINST PAC USE IN CRITICAL CARE
- WHAT IS THE CURRENT BEST EVIDENCE FOR OR AGAINST PAC?
- HOW AND WHY DID WE GET TO THIS STAGE?
- AND WHERE DO WE GO FROM HERE?
- CONCLUDING REMARKS
TEN:Preventing Myocardial Ischemia in the ICU
- INTRODUCTION
- PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
- PREOPERATIVE RISK STRATIFICATION
- PERIOPERATIVE PATIENT MANAGEMENT
- TYPE OF ANAESTHESIA
  - Epidural or General Anaesthesia
- POSTOPERATIVE CARE
- CONCLUSION
ELEVEN:Intravenous Magnesium in Cardiac Arrhythmias
- INTRODUCTION
- POSSIBLE MECHANISMS OF ANTIARRHYTHMIC EFFECTS
- ROLE OF MAGNESIUM IN SPECIFIC ARRHYTHMIAS
- ROLE OF MAGNESIUM IN OTHER CARDIOVASCULAR CONDITIONS
- MAGNESIUM AS THERAPY
  - Guidelines for Administration
- CONCLUSION
SECTION D: TRAUMA/NEUROCRITICAL CARE
TWELVE:Are We Ready for Hypertonic Saline in Brain Injury?
- INTRODUCTION
- MECHANISM OF ACTION
- EXPERIMENTAL USE OF HTS FOR RAISED ICP
- PHARMACOKINETICS AND SYSTEMIC EFFECTS IN HUMANS
- HEAD INJURY AND HYPOTENSION: RESUSCITATION WITH HTS
- HEAD INJURY AND HIGH ICP: CONTROL OF RAISED ICP WITH HTS
  - Comparison with Mannitol
- HTS AND OTHER NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS
- COMPLICATIONS OF HYPERTONIC SALINE INFUSION
- CONCLUSIONS
THIRTEEN:Should Intracranial Pressure be Routinely Monitored in Patients with Head Injury?
- INTRODUCTION
- ICP DATA AND CLINICAL DECISION MAKING
- CURRENT PRACTICES OF ICP MONITORING IN HEAD INJURY
- SHOULD ICP BE MONITORED IN ALL PATIENTS WITH TBI?
- RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE BRAIN TRAUMA FOUNDATION
  - The Cochrane Database Review
  - The Impact of the BTF Recommendations
- THE SCOPE FOR A RANDOMISED TRIAL
- FUTURE TRENDS
- SUMMARY
FOURTEEN:Decompressive Craniectomy for Severe Traumatic Brain Injury
- INTRODUCTION
- PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
- DECOMPRESSIVE CRANIECTOMY
- MERITS OF DEC
- SURGICAL PROCEDURE
- CONCERNS RELATED TO DEC
- FUTURE DIRECTIONS
FIFTEEN:Alternate Techniques for Diagnosing Brain Death
- INTRODUCTION
- THE DEFINITION OF BRAIN DEATH
- TRANSCRANIAL DOPPLER (TCD)
- EEG
- EVOKED POTENTIALS
- CEREBRAL ANGIOGRAPHY
- RADIONUCLIDE SCINTIGRAPHY
- MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING (MRI) AND CT ANGIOGRAPHY
- CONCLUSION
SECTION E: TOXICOLOGY
SIXTEEN:Role of Oximes in Human Organophosphate Poisoning—A Critical Look at the Evidence
- INTRODUCTION
- METHODOLOGY
- RESULTS
- DISCUSSION
- CONCLUSIONS
- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
SEVENTEEN:Aluminium Phosphide Poisoning—A Review
- INTRODUCTION
- CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
- KINETICS AND TOXICITY
- WHAT DO WE KNOW ABOUT THE MECHANISM OF ACTION
- RANGE OF TOXICITY
- CLINICAL AND PATHOLOGICAL MANIFESTATIONS
- MANAGEMENT
- PREVENTIVE MEASURES
EIGHTEEN:Rodenticides
- INTRODUCTION
- AN APPROACH TO IDENTIFICATION OF RAT POISON
- PRELIMINARY CARE
- CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS OF COMMON RODENTICIDES
- SPECIFIC ANTIDOTES AND MANAGEMENT
- CONCLUSIONS
- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
NINETEEN:Yellow Oleander Poisoning
- INTRODUCTION
  - Epidemiology
  - Biology
- MECHANISMS OF TOXICITY
  - Cardenolides in General
  - Effects of Yellow Oleander Cardenolides
- PHARMACOKINETICS AND PHARMACODYNAMICS
  - Pharmacokinetics
  - Pharmacodynamics
- CLINICAL FEATURES
  - Electrocardiography
- OUTCOMES
- RANGE OF TOXICITY
- INVESTIGATIONS
  - Biochemistry
  - Digoxin Assay
- MANAGEMENT
  - Monitoring
  - Reversing Bradycardia
- SPECIFIC THERAPY
- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

INDEX

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Chapter Notes