JaypeeDigital | eBook Reader

Practical Orthopaedics Subhash Kakkad

1:Heart-Lung Resuscitation
- MODIFIED AFTER SAFAR
2:Shock
- DEFINITION
- SIGN AND SYMPTOMS
- CLASSIFICATION (Table 2.1)
- MANAGEMENT
  - Aims
  - Treatment
3:Classification of Fractures of Long Bones
- DEPENDING ON SEVERITY BY M.E. MULLER
  - Anatomic Location
  - Fracture Types (Fig. 3.3)
    - Example
    - Example
4:Classification of Soft Tissue Injuries
- GRADING OF SKIN INJURY
5:Plaster of Paris Casts
- SERIOUS COMPLICATIONS OF CASTS
6:Management of Patients in Traction
- PATIENT
  - Nursing Care
  - Medical Care
- THE TRACTION SUSPENSION SYSTEM
- RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION
- PHYSIOTHERAPY
- REMOVAL OF TRACTION
7:Limb's Traction
- INDICATIONS
- METHODS
- SKIN TRACTION
  - Adhesive Skin Traction
- SKELETAL TRACTION
- FIXED TRACTION
- SLIDING TRACTION
8:Spinal Tractions and Tractions in Fracture Dislocations
- NON-SKELETAL TRACTION HALTER
  - A Canvas or Chamois Leather Head Halter
    - Complication
  - Circle Head Halter
- SKULL TRACTION OR SKELETAL TRACTION
- INTRODUCTION
  - Aims and Treatment
9:Functional Bracing
- FUNCTIONAL BRACING
  - Contraindications
  - Material
- BRACING OF FRACTURE TIBIA
  - Plaster of Paris Technique
  - Using Thermoplastic Material
- BRACING FOR FRACTURES OF FEMUR
  - How to Apply Long Leg Cast Brace
  - Application
- BRACING HUMERUS
  - Application
10:Orthoses
- PROSTHESIS
- ORTHOSISM
- TECHNICAL ANALYSIS FORMS
11:Spinal Orthoses
- FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY OF SPINE
- ORTHOSIS FOR THORACIC AND LUMBAR SPINES
- FLEXIBLE—SUPPORTIVE SPINAL ORTHOSIS
- RIGID SPINAL ORTHOSIS
  - Fitting of Rigid Spinal Orthosis
    - Moulded Spinal Orthosis
    - Fabric Spinal Orthosis
  - Rigid Spinal Orthosis
- CORRECTIVE SPINAL ORTHOSIS
- ORTHOSIS FOR CERVICAL SPINE
- MINERVA JACKET
12:Lower Limb Orthosis
- FUNCTIONS OF ORTHOSIS
- WEIGHT-RELIEVING CALIPER (KAFO)
- NON-WEIGHT RELIEVINGCALIPER (KAFO)
  - Basic Design
- CONTROL OF ANKLE JOINT MOVEMENT (AFO)
13:Foot-wear
- THE NORMAL SHOE
- CHECKING FOR CORRECT FOOT-WEAR
- MODIFICATION
14:Short Lower Limb Compensation
- FACTORS FOR SHORT LOWER LIMB COMPENSATION
- CALCULATION
- TYPES OF RAISED
15:Walking Aids
- WALKING AIDS USE
- PARALLEL BARS
- WALKING FRAMES
- CRUTCHES
- WALKING STICKS
  - Choosing the Correct Stick
  - Adjustment
- TRIPOD AND QUADRUPED WALKING
  - Tripod
  - Quadruped Walking Aid
    - Indication
    - Adjustment
16:Tourniquets
- INTRODUCTION
17:Suture Materials
- BLACK SILK
- MERSILK
- SUTUPACK
- PROLENE
- VICRYL
- CHROMIC CATGUT
- PLAIN CATGUT
18:Basic Orthopaedic Techniques
- USE OF CHISELS, OSTEOTOMES AND GOUGES
- OSTEOTOMY
- DRILLING BONE
  - By Hand
    - Disadvantage
    - Technique
  - Power Drilling
    - Technique
    - Retrieval of a Broken off Drill Point
- MEASURING THE DEPTH OF A DRILL HOLE
- SAWING BONE
- USE OF STAPLES
  - Applications
- EPIPHYSIODESIS
19:Tendon Suturing
- INDICATIONS
- METHODS
- ATTACHING TENDON TO BONE
  - Applications
  - Three Basic Methods
20:Suture of Divided Nerve
- PRIMARY NERVE SUTURING
  - Pre-requisite
  - Techniques
- SECONDARY NERVE SUTURE
  - Technique
21:Minor Procedures
- ANTERIOR TRANSPOSITION OF ULNAR NERVE
  - Technique
- DECOMPRESSIONS
  - Sheath of Extensor Pollicis Brevis and Abductor Pollicis Longus (De-Quervain’ Syndrome)
  - Carpal Tunnel at Wrist
    - Technqiue
    - Position of hand
- INCISION-DRAINAGE
- ACUTE (SUPPURATIVE) ARTHRITIS
22:Bone Screws
- ANATOMY
  - Screw Head (Fig. 22.2)
  - Shaft
- RUN-OUT
  - Thread
  - Tip: Four Common Types (Fig. 22.3)
- FULLY AND PARTIALLY-THREADED SCREWS
- PARTIALLY-THREAD CORTICAL SCREW
- CANCELLOUS SCREW
- CANNULATED SCREWS
  - Large Used
  - Small Used
- HERBERT SCREW (Fig. 22.4)
- SCREW INSERTION
- PILOT HOLE
- DRILL SLEEVE (DRILL GUIDE)
- DRILLING DEPTH
- LENGTH MEASUREMENT
- COUNTER SINK
- TAPPING
- WASHERS
- INSERTION OF SCREW
- SCREW REMOVAL
- SCREW FAILURE
- LAG SCREW (Fig. 22.5)
23:Bone Plates
- CLASSIFCATION
- NEUTRILIZATION PLATE (Fig. 23.1)
  - Clinical Application
- COMPRESSION PLATE
- BUTTRESS PLATE (Fig. 23.4)
- CONDYLAR PLATE (Fig. 23.5)
- PRINCIPLES OF PLATE FIXATION
- PLATE REMOVAL
24:Medullary Nailing
- INTRODUCTION
- BONE REACTION
- INTRA-MEDULLARY NAILING (FOR FEMUR AND TIBIA)
  - Indications
  - Instrumentation
- TECHNIQUE—FEMUR FOR CLOSED METHOD
- INTERLOCKING NAIL FOR FEMUR
- TIBIAL NAILING
25:The DHS/DCS System
- INTRODUCTION
- INSTRUMENTATIONS (Fig. 25.1)
- DCS
- DCS
  - Indication
- UPPER FEMUR
- LOWER END OF FEMUR
  - Operative Technique
    - Removal of Implant
26:The Angled Blade Plate System
- INTRODUCTION
  - Indications
  - Implant
    - Single Angle
    - Double Angle
- INSTRUMENTATION
  - Condylar Plate Instrument Set
  - Condylar Plating
- CONDYLAR PLATE IN OSTEOTOMIES
27:Fracture of Lower Humerus
- FRACTURE ANALYSIS AND PLANNING
- EXTRA-ARTICULAR FRACTURES
  - Avulsion Fractures of Epicondyles
    - Plan
  - Bending Fractures
- ARTICULAR FRACTURES
28:Fracture of Pelvis
- MANAGEMENT
  - Depends on
    - Pelvic Stability
    - Principles
- PLANNING OF TREATMENT
- TECHNIQUE OF STABILIZATION
  - External Fixation
    - Indication
  - Schanz Screw Placement
- FRAME CONSTRUCTION
- INTERNAL FIXATION
  - Posterior Injury Complex
  - Internal Fixation
29:Fracture of Acetabulum
- INTRODUCTION
  - Assessment
- ACETABULAR ARCHITECTURE
  - Classification
  - Decision Making and Principles
- ANALYSIS OF INJURY PATTERNS
- NON-OPERATIVE TREATMENT
  - Indications
    - Methodology of Non-operative Treatment
  - Surgical Management
- SURGICAL APPROACH
30:External Fixation
- TYPES OF FRAME
- CHOICE OF FRAME
- BIOMECHANICS
  - Mechanics of Bone Pin Interface
  - Mechanics of Bone-Fixator Composite
- BASIC REQUIREMENT (Fig. 30.1)
- OPERATIVE TECHNIQUE
31:Hand Bones Fracture Frame
- INTRODUCTION
- SAFE ZONES FOR WIRE PENETRATION
  - Phalanges (Fig. 31.24)
- METACARPALS (Fig. 31.27)
  - Radius and Ulna (Fig. 31.28)
  - Thumb (Fig. 31.29)
- FRAME CONSTRUCTION
32:Therapies
- HYDROTHERAPY (POOL THERAPY)
- ELECTROTHERAPY
- PARAFFIN WAX
- INFRA-RED RADIATIONS
33:Guidelines for Evaluation of Permanent Physical Impairment
- KESSLER'S METHOD
- UPPER LIMB
- ARM—COMPONENT
- HAND COMPONENT
- AT A GLANCE:
- LOWER LIMB
- SPINE (TRUNK)
- TRAUMATIC LESIONS
  - Cervical
- NON-TRAUMATIC LESIONS
- AMPUTEES
- NEUROLOGICAL CONDITIONS
  - Guidelines
- BURNS
- FACIAL INJURIES
- POLIOMYELITIS
- LEPROSY
  - Example 1:
  - Example 2:
    - Hand Component
    - Hand Component
- ARTHRITIS
  - Example
- CARDIOPULMONARY DISEASE
  - Basic Guidelines

INDEX

TOC
Index

×

Chapter Notes