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Newer Diagnostic Imaging in Ophthalmology
K Bhujang Shetty, KS Kumar
CHAPTER 1:
Corneal Topography
INTRODUCTION
OPTICS OF THE NORMAL CORNEA
SURFACE LANDMARKS AND NOMENCLATURE
THE PROCEDURE
Interpolation and Extrapolation
Sagittal and Tangential Radii
Data Output and Analysis
The Scale (Absolute, Relative or Variable)
Fourier Analysis
Contact Lenses and Topography
Altimetric Values and Fluorescein Dye Assessment of Contact Lens Fitting
Keratoconus and Topography
Reflection-based Methods
Projection-based Methods
INTERPRETATION OF TOPOGRAPHIC INFORMATION
Understanding Maps
Quad Map
Types of Maps
Elevation Maps
Pachymetry Map
Anterior Chamber Maps
Difference Maps
Dual Maps
Keratoconus Indices on Obrscan
CHAPTER 2:
Specular Microscopy
INTRODUCTION
OPTICS OF SPECULAR MICROSCOPY
Clinical Specular Microscopy
NORMAL CELL DENSITY
Specular Grading of Donor Cornea
Clinical Importance
CHAPTER 3:
Ultrasound Biomicroscopy
INTRODUCTION
PRINCIPLE
DESIGN OF UBM
Scanner
Transducers
Instrumentation (Figs 3.1 and 3.2)
EXAMINATION TECHNIQUE
Measuring Ocular Structures
Normal Ocular Structure
CLINICAL APPLICATIONS
CHAPTER 4:
Three-Dimensional Ultrasonography
INTRODUCTION
PRINCIPLE
Pulse Echo System
Probe/Transducer
Gain
3D Instrumentation
PHYSICAL FUNDAMENTALS AND TERMINOLOGY
TECHNIQUE
Multiplanar Reformatting
Intensity Profiling
Volumetric Image
Ray Casting And Surface Rendering
Topography Mapping
Advantages
Disadvantages
INTRODUCTION
CHOROIDAL MELANOMA
A-scan Analysis
RETINOBLASTOMA
RETINAL DETACHMENT
MISCELLANEOUS
ORBITAL IMAGING
CHAPTER 5:
GDx VCC: Glaucoma Detection program
INTRODUCTION
METHODS OF RNFL ASSESSMENT
NEWER METHODS OF RNFL ASSESSMENT
GDx (Scanning Laser Polarimetry) (Fig. 5.2)
Principle
The Normative Database
Interpretation of Printout
Nerve Fiber Indicator (NFI)
Serial Analysis
Clinical Studies with GDx VCC
GDx, OCT or HRT—Which is Better?
CHAPTER 6:
Heidelberg Retina Tomograph
INTRODUCTION
OPTICS OF HRT
OPERATING THE INSTRUMENT
CLINICAL APPLICATIONS
LIMITATIONS
CLINICAL APPLICATIONS
CHAPTER 7:
Frequency Doubling Technology and Short Wavelength Automated Perimetry
INTRODUCTION
AUTOMATED PERIMETRY
FREQUENCY DOUBLING TECHNOLOGY PERIMETRY
Principle
Method of Testing
SHORT WAVELENGTH AUTOMATED PERIMETRY
Principle
Indications for SWAP
CHAPTER 8:
Digital Fundus Imaging
INTRODUCTION
OPTICS OF FUNDUS CAMERA
Illumination System
The Power System
Optical Component
DIGITAL FUNDUS CAMERAS
Digital Camera Resolution
Spatial Resolution
Color Resolution
Sensitivity
Image Delivery
Image Viewing
Image Storage
Fundus Camera Versions
Other Ways to Image the Fundus
Advantages of Digital Imaging
CHAPTER 9:
Angiography
INTRODUCTION
PHARMACOKINETICS
TECHNIQUE
INTERPRETATION
General Principles
Fluorescein Binding
Interpretation
NORMAL FLUORESCEIN ANGIOGRAPHY
ABNORMAL FLUORESCEIN ANGIOGRAPHY
Hypofluorescence
Hyperfluorescence
Abnormal Choroidal Vessels
Choroidal Leak
Staining
INTRODUCTION
PHARMACOKINETICS
TECHNIQUE
Photographic Equipment for ICG Angiography
Interpretation
TOXICITY AND COMPLICATIONS
COMPARISON TO FA
RECENT ADVANCES IN ICG ANGIOGRAPHY
CLINICAL APPLICATIONS
HIGH-SPEED ICG CHOROIDAL ANGIOGRAPHY
Angiographic Technique
CHAPTER 10:
Optical Coherence Tomography
INTRODUCTION
PRINCIPLE
INSTRUMENTATION
TOMOGRAPHIC IMAGING
ACQUIRING THE IMAGE
Interpretation of an OCT Image of Normal Macula
LIMITATIONS
CHAPTER 11:
Clinical Applications of Optical Coherence Tomography
INTRODUCTION
OCT IN CENTRAL SEROUS CHORIORETINOPATHY (CSCR)
OCT IN VITREORETINAL INTERFACE ABNORMALITIES
OCT IN EPIMACULAR MEMBRANE (EMM)
OCT IN NONDESCRIPT MACULAR LESIONS
OCT IN AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION (ARMD)
OCT IN RETINAL VENOUS OCCLUSIONS
CONCLUSIONS
CHAPTER 12:
Wavefront Technology
INTRODUCTION
Monochromatic Aberrations
Chromatic Aberrations
Methods and Instruments Measuring Optical Aberrations of the Eye
ABERROMETRIC MAPS
ZERNIKE'S POLYNOMIALS
DISTRIBUTION STUDIES
Which Aberrations have the Worst Impact on Vision?
CUSTOMIZED CORNEAL ABLATION
Laser Technology Requirements of Customized Corneal Ablation
CONCLUSION
INDEX
TOC
Index
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