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Atlas of Surgery of the Facial Nerve
Bachi T Hathiram, DS Grewal
CHAPTER 1:
Anatomy of the Facial Nerve
SUPRANUCLEAR PATHWAY
INFRANUCLEAR PATHWAY
Labyrinthine Segment
Second Part or Tympanic Segment (Fig. 1.3)
Second Turn of the Facial Canal or Second Genu
Vertical/mastoid Segment
Stylomastoid Foramen
Extratemporal Facial Nerve
Branches of the Facial Nerve (Fig. 1.5)
Intracranial
Branches of Facial Nerve in the Neck and Face
Branches that form the Parotid Plexus
Surgical Landmarks of the Facial Nerve
Landmarks for Extratemporal Part
Landmarks in the Mastoid and the Middle Ear
Landmarks in the Middle Cranial Fossa
Anatomical Variations and Anomalies Involving the Facial Nerve and its Canal
Congenital Bony Dehiscence
Variation of the Course of the Facial Nerve
Anatomic Variation in the Extratemporal Course of the Facial Nerve
Anatomic Variations of Chorda Tympani
Abnormal Veins and Arteries along the Facial Nerve
Facial Nerve Sheath
Blood Supply of the Facial Nerve
CHAPTER 2:
Neurophysiology of the Facial Nerve and Nerve Regeneration
DEGREES OF NERVE INJURY
NERVE REGENERATION
Growth Factors
Hormones
CHAPTER 3:
Causes of Facial Palsy
BIRTH
TRAUMA
INFECTIONS
NEOPLASTIC
NEUROLOGICAL
MISCELLaNEOUS
CHAPTER 4:
Testing of the Facial Nerve
INTRODUCTION
Facial Nerve Testing Includes
Topognostic Tests
Prognostic Tests
Diagnostic Assessment
Intraoperative Monitoring
Topognostic Tests
Lacrimal Flow Assessment
Salivary Flow Test
Stapedial Reflex
Taste Sensation (Anterior two-thirds of the Tongue)
Electrodiagnostic Tests
Electromyography (EMG)
Nerve Conduction Time (Latency)
Nerve Excitability Test (NET)
Maximal Stimulation Test (MST)
Electroneuronography (ENoG)
Magnetic Stimulation
Other Tests
Clinical Application of Electrodiagnostic Tests in Facial Nerve Palsy
Intraoperative Facial Nerve Monitoring
FACIAL NERVE IMAGING MODALITIES
Intratemporal Evaluation of the Facial Nerve
Extratemporal Evaluation of the Facial Nerve
FACIAL NERVE INJURY/RECOVERY CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM
Sunderland's classification of nerve injury describes five degrees of injury (1977):
CHAPTER 5:
Bell's Palsy
INTRODUCTION
Historical Aspects
Etiology
Vascular Ischemia Theory
Viral Theory
Hereditary Theory
Clinical Features
Histological Aspects
Management of Bell's Palsy
Medical Management
Surgical Treatment
Anatomical Factors
Surgical Factors
CHAPTER 6:
Facial Palsy in Infection
CHAPTER 7:
Facial Nerve in Temporal Bone Fractures
INTRODUCTION
Pathology
Longitudinal Fractures
Transverse Fractures (Fig. 7.5)
Mixed Fractures (Figs 7.6 and 7.7)
Clinical Features
Management
CHAPTER 8:
Iatrogenic Injury of the Facial Nerve during Surgery of CSOM
INTRODUCTION
Tests for Facial Nerve Function
Management of Iatrogenic Facial Palsy
Methods to Restore Functional Continuity of the Facial Nerve
Type of Nerve Injuries
Technique of Nerve Repair
Location of Site of Nerve Injury
Prevention of Iatrogenic Injury
Making the Surgeon Competent
To Identify Important Landmarks
CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 9:
Facial Nerve in the Parotid Gland
CHAPTER 10:
Hemifacial Spasms
ETIOLOGY
TREATMENT
Drug Treatment
Botulinum Toxin Injection
Operative Procedures
Facial Nerve Needling
Partial Neurectomy
Vascular Decompression of Facial Nerve
Other Procedures
CHAPTER 11:
Syndromes Associated with Facial Palsy
CHAPTER 12:
Tumors Causing Facial Palsy
INTRODUCTION
CLASSIFICATION
Clinical Presentation
Intrinsic Lesions of the Facial Nerve
Facial Nerve Schwannomas (Neuroma)
Facial Nerve Hemangioma
EXTRINSIC LESIONS OF THE FACIAL NERVE
Lesions of the Facial Nucleus and Supranuclear Connections
Lesions of the CPA
RARE TUMORS
Neurofibromatosis Type 2 (NF 2)
LESIONS OF THE TEMPORAL BONE
Cholesteatoma
Congenital Cholesteatoma
Acquired Cholesteatoma
Cholesterol Granuloma
Malignant Otitis Externa
Wegener's Granulomatosis
Tumors of the Temporal Bone
Glomus Jugulare Tumors
Carcinoid
Tumors of the Temporal Bone
Squamous Carcinoma
Tumors of the Temporal Bone
Lesions of the Parotid
Tumors of the Parotid
Surgical Approaches for Facial Nerve Palsy
Facial Nerve Rehabilitation
CONCLUSIONS
CHAPTER 13:
Plastic-surgical Repair of the Paralyzed Face
INTRODUCTION
ANATOMY
Intratemporal Facial Nerve
Extratemporal Facial Nerve
ETIOLOGY AND CLASSIFICATION
EVALUATION
LOCATION OF THE LESION
CHOICE OF PROCEDURE
TREATMENT
Aims
Dynamic Reconstruction
Static Methods of Reconstruction
SUMMARY
CHAPTER 14:
Facio-hypoglossal Jump Anastomoses for Reanimation of the Paralyzed Face
INTRODUCTION
Surgical Technique
Physiotherapy
Personal Experience
Results
Comments
CHAPTER 15:
Anesthesia for Otologic Surgery
INTRODUCTION
ANESTHETIC AIMS FOR MIDDLE EAR SURGERIES
Thorough Preoperative Preparation
Induced Hypotension
Mechanical Methods
Physiological Methods
Pharmacological Methods
Prevention of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting
Smooth Calm Awakening and Extubation
Analgesia
Intraoperative Facial Nerve Monitoring
SUMMARY
INDEX
TOC
Index
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