Jaypee Brothers
In Current Chapter
In All Chapters
X
Clear
X
GO
Normal
Sepia
Dark
Default Style
Font Style 1
Font Style 2
Font Style 3
Less
Normal
More
Clinical Examination Methods in Orthopaedics (Supplement to Textbook of Orthopaedics)
John Ebnezar
1:
Examination of a Bony Swelling
HISTORY
PHYSICAL EXAMINATION OF A BONY LESION
OTHER EXAMINATIONS
2:
Examination of Shoulder Joint
HISTORY
PHYSICAL EXAMINATION OF THE SHOULDER JOINT
PALPATION
Other Ways to Test Rotations
TESTS FOR SHOULDER JOINT
OTHER EXAMINATION
3:
Examination of Elbow Joint
HISTORY
INSPECTION
Flexion
Extension
MEASUREMENTS
Limb Length Measurements
Wasting of Muscles
Deformity Estimation
SPECIAL TESTS
Golfer's Elbow Test (Reverse Cozen's Test)
OTHER EXAMINATIONS
IMPORTANT ELBOW DISORDERS
4:
Examination of Wrist Joint
HISTORY
PHYSICAL EXAMINATION OF WRIST JOINT
RANGE OF MOVEMENTS
Measurements
SPECIAL TESTS FOR IMPORTANT WRIST DISORDERS
Finkelstein's Test
Carpal Lift Test
5:
Examination of Hip Joint
HISTORY
HOW DOES THE PATIENT WITH HIP DISORDERS PRESENT?
IMPORTANT PRESENTING SIGNS
OTHER RELEVANT POINTS
CLINICAL EXAMINATION
PREPARATION FOR THE EXAMINATION
Examination in Walking (Gait)
Method of Examination
Hip Gait Disorders
EXAMINATION IN STANDING POSITION
IMPORTANT TESTS IN STANDING POSITION
EXAMINATION IN THE LYING DOWN POSITION
STEP I (ROUTINE EXAMINATION)
STEP II (DEFORMITY ESTIMATION)
Fixed Abduction Deformity
Effects
Estimations of the Angle of Fixed Abduction
Fixed Medial or Lateral Rotational Deformities
STEP III (MEASUREMENTS OF THE LIMB LENGTH)
Apparent Length of the Whole Limb
Technique of Measuring (Fig. 5.8) the Apparent Length (in Supine Position)
Actual or Real or True Length of a Limb
Why should the joints be in identical positions to measure the real length?
Technique to Measure the Actual Leg Length
Supratrochanteric Shortening
Causes
Causes
Method of Estimation
STEP IV (EXAMINATION OF THE MOVEMENTS OF THE HIP JOINT)
Flexion
Extension
Adduction
Abduction
Muscles
Internal Rotation
Muscles
External Rotation
Muscles
Methods of Examination
TESTS FOR HIP STABILITY
IN STANDING POSITION
Trendelenburg Test
Test (Figs 5.18A and B)
Causes
IN LYING DOWN POSITION
Telescopy Test
Other Tests
Measurement of Muscle Wasting
6:
Examination of Knee Joint
PROBLEMS RELATED TO KNEE
CLINICAL EXAMINATIONS
HISTORY
Restriction of movements
PHYSICAL EXAMINATION OF THE KNEE
LIMITS OF THE SWELLING
PALPATION
Patella
Q-ANGLE (QUADRICEPS ANGLE)
TESTS PECULIAR TO KNEE
TESTS FOR COLLATERALS
Abduction or Valgus Stress Test (*see Fig. 19.6A, page 221)
Adduction Stress or Varus Stress Test
TESTS FOR CRUCIATES
Anterior Drawer's Test (*see Fig. 19.9C, page 223)
Posterior Drawer's Test
TESTS FOR MENISCI
Apleys’ Compression and Distraction Tests (*see Fig. 19.17D and F)
Lachman Test (*see Fig. 19.10)
EXAMINATION OF MOVEMENTS
Muscles
Procedure to Record Flexion (see Fig. 6.3B)
EXTENSION
EXAMINATION OF THE POPLITEAL FOSSA
OTHER EXAMINATIONS
COMMON KNEE JOINT DISORDERS
7:
Examination of Sacroiliac Joint
PHYSICAL EXAMINATION OF SACROILIAC JOINT
CLINICAL TESTS FOR SI JOINT
GAPPING TEST (SACROILIAC STRETCH TEST)
SQUISH TEST
ILIAC COMPRESSION TEST
GAENSELEN’S TEST (Fig. 7.2)
KNEE TO SHOULDER TEST (Fig. 7.3)
SACRAL APEX TEST
TESTS TO DIFFERENTIATE PAIN DUE TO HIP JOINT AND SPINE
ERICHSEN’S TEST
PASSIVE SLRT AND BRAGGARD’S SIGN
8:
Examination of Spine
GENERAL EXAMINATION
EXAMINATION OF THE SPINE
METHODS OF EXAMINATION
Spondylolisthesis
OTHER EXAMINATIONS
RANGE OF MOVEMENTS
Flexion
Lateral Flexion
Rotations
Other sites
EXAMINATION OF SPINE FOR LOW BACK PAIN
TRUE BACK PAIN
NERVE ROOT PAIN
Tests to Detect Low Disc Prolapse (L4-L5)
Tests to Detect High Disc Prolapse (L1-L2-L3)
Motor Testing
Sensation
Back Pain due to Spinal Pathology
Chest Expansion
IMPORTANT SPINE CONDITIONS
INDEX
TOC
Index
×
Chapter Notes
Save
Clear
