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Principles and Practice of Psychiatric Nursing
TP Prema, KF Graicy
UNIT I:
CHAPTER 1:
Review of Psychiatric Nursing
INTRODUCTION
TRENDS IN INDIA
Current Trends
Future Directions
CHAPTER 2:
Mental Health and Mental Illness
INTRODUCTION
Indications for Good Mental Health
1.A positive attitude towards self:
2.Growth development and the ability for self-actualization
3.Integration
4.Autonomy and self-determination
5.Perception of reality
6.Environmental mastery and social competence
How to Spot Mentally Healthy People?
Characteristics of a Mentally Healthy Individual
Tips to have Good Mental Health
• In Order to have Good Mental Health one should have Good Physical Health
• Self-understanding
• Maintain Good Interpersonal Relationship with Others
• Have a Confidential Relationship with one Person—Selected Friend, Counselor or a Relative
• Have an Optimistic Outlook
• Avoid Unrealistic and High Expectations
• A Balance Schedule of Both Work and Play Leads a Happy Life
• Planning for the Future is a Part of Progressive means of Opportunity
Mental Illness
CHAPTER 3:
Principles of Psychiatric Nursing
INTRODUCTION
1. Accept the Patient Exactly as he is
2. Self-understanding is a Therapeutic Tool.
3. Be Consistent While Working with Patients with Behavior Problem
4. Reassurance to be given in an Acceptable and Realistic Manner
5. Patients Behavior can be Changed Through Emotional Experience not by Rational Interpretation
6. Avoid Unnecessary Increase in Patients Anxiety
7. Observe Objectively to Understand and Interpret the Patients Behavior
8. Maintain Realistic Nurse-Patients Relationship
9. Verbal and Physical Force must be Avoided if Possible
10. Nursing Care Centered on Patient as a Person, not on Control of Symptoms
11. Routines and Procedures Explained at Patients Level of Understanding
12. Positive Reinforcement to be used wherever is Possible.
13. Structured Activity Schedule as a part of Psychiatric Nursing
14. Many Procedures are Modified but Basic Principles Remain Unaltered.
CHAPTER 4:
History Taking and Mental Status Examination in Psychiatric Nursing
INTRODUCTION
A Scheme for History Taking
After Genogram
6. Personal history
7. Mental status examination:
Form and stream
Possession
Content
v. Mood
vi. Perception
vii. Cognitive functioning
Serial Substraction
Memory
Remote Memory
Intelligence
For illiterates
Comprehension
Arithmetic
Abstraction
UNIT II:
CHAPTER 5:
Causes and Classification of Mental Illness
INTRODUCTION
Genetic Theories
Neurochemical Theories
Neuroendocrinal Theories
Psychosocial Theories
Personality Theories
Neuro-Pathological Theories
PREDISPOSING FACTORS
PRECIPITATORY FACTORS
PERPETUATING FACTORS
CLASSIFICATION
TYPES OF PSYCHOSIS
Functional Psychosis
Mania Depressive Disorder
Neurosis
Children and Adolescent Behavioral Problems
Personality Disorder, Transient Situational Disorders
Mental Retardation
Classification according to ICD-10*
REFERENCE
CHAPTER 6:
Communication
INTRODUCTION
DEFINITION
COMMUNICATION MODEL
Referent
Source Encoder
Message
Channels
Receiver or Decoder
Feedback
LEVEL OF COMMUNICATION
Intrapersonal
Interpersonal
Public Communication
TYPES OF COMMUNICATION
Verbal Communication
Nonverbal Communication
Kinesics
Facial Expression
Sign Language
Paralanguage
Proximics
Touch
Cultural Artifacts
FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE COMMUNICATION
THERAPEUTIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUES
Using Silence
Acceptance
Giving Recognition: Acknowledging, Indicating Awareness
Giving Broad Opening
Offering General Leads: In Giving Encouragement to Continue
Placing the Event in Time or in the Sequence
Making Observation—Verbalizing what is Perceived?
Restating—Repeating the Main Idea
Reflecting: Directing back the Patient's Questions, Feeling and Ideas
Focusing …… Concentrating on a Single Point
Exploring … Dealing Further into a Subject or Idea
Giving Information
Seeking Clarification…
Presenting Reality
Voicing Doubt
Seeking Consensual Validation
Recognizing and Reflecting the Feeling (Verbal or nonverbal)
Summarizing
Encouraging Formulation of a Plan of Action
NONTHERAPEUTIC TECHNIQUES
False Reassuring
Refusing
Disapproving
Advising
Probing
Challenging
Introducing an Unrelated Topic
CHAPTER 7:
Therapeutic Nurse-Patient Relationship
INTRODUCTION
The Goals of Nurse-Patient Relationship
THERAPEUTIC USE OF SELF
PHASES OF RELATIONSHIP
The Preorientation or Preinteraction Phase
Orientation Phase
Working Phase
Termination Phase
QUALITIES AND SKILLS NECESSARY FOR THERAPEUTIC RELATIONSHIP
RESPONSIVE DIMENSIONS
Genuineness
Respect
Empathic Understanding
Concreteness
ACTION ORIENTED DIMENSION
Confrontation
Immediacy
Emotional Catharsis
Nurse Disclosure
Role Playing
THERAPEUTIC IMPASSES
Resistance
Transference
Counter Transference
Forms of counter transference displayed by nurses:
Boundary Violations
Possible boundary violation related to psychiatric nurses
OVERCOMING THERAPEUTIC IMPASSES
CHAPTER 8:
Process Recording and Nursing Care Plan
INTRODUCTION
Process Recording
Accountability
Legal Protection
Helps in Evaluation or Outcome of Nursing Care
It is a Record to Communicate to the Colleagues
It also helps to Communicate to Other Team Members
PROCESS RECORDING
Definition
Evaluation Tool
Diagnostic Tool
Teaching/Education
Therapeutic Tool
TIME LIMIT
PRE-REQUISITE FOR PROCESS RECORDING
During Acute Stage
During First Meeting with a Patient
WHEN SYMPTOMS ARE ABSENT/GETTING READY FOR DISCHARGE
VERBATIM 1
NURSING CARE PLAN
Medical Legal Record
DEFINITION
NURSING CARE PLAN: IT CAN BE USED AS
Performa Used in Nursing Care Plan
CHAPTER 9:
Treatment Modalities Used for Maladaptive Behaviors
INTRODUCTION
METHODS OF TREATMENT
Pharmacotherapy
Physical Therapies
Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)
Brief History
Purpose
Duration of Therapy
Mechanism of Action
Indications of ECT
Depressive illness
Schizophrenia
Mania
Postpartum psychosis
Schizo Affective Disorders
Contraindications of ECT
TYPES OF ECT
Preparation
Side Effect of ECT
Complications of ECT
NURSES ROLE
Before ECT
DURING ECT
After ECT
Effects of Light Therapy
Psychotherapy
Individual Psychotherapy
Insight Oriented Therapy
Task oriented therapy
Experience oriented
Group Psychotherapy
Therapy Groups
Supportive Groups
Advantages of Group Therapy: (Valoms Goals of Groups Therapy 1985)
Instillation of Hope
Universality
Imparting of Information
Altruism
Imitative Behavior
Interpersonal Learning
Catharsis
Preparation of Group Leader/Facilitator
NURSES RESPONSIBILITY
Family Therapy
Marital Therapy
Social Therapy
Types of Social Therapy
Milieu Therapy
2. Activity Therapy/Work/Occupational Therapy
DEFINITION
Occupational therapy is used in different way.
Advantages of Occupation Therapy
Here are few activities suggested for patients
Training Tips in Occupation Therapy for Patients
Art Therapy
Recreation Therapy
Dance Therapy
Music Therapy
Psychodrama
Complementary Modalities
The complimentary modalities
TECHNIQUES OF RELAXATION
Deep Breathing Exercises
Technique
Progressive Muscle Relaxation (PMR)
Other Relaxation Methods
Guided Imagery
Hypnotherapy
Massage and Touch
Therapeutic Touch (TT)
Pet Assisted Therapy
UNIT III:
CHAPTER 10:
Schizophrenia and Management
INTRODUCTION
DEFINITION
Epidemiology/Incidence
Etiology
Psychodynamic Factors
Family Factors
Social Factors
Precipitating Factors
Subtypes of schizophrenia
Simple Schizophrenia
Hebephrenia/Schizophrenia
Paranoid Schizophrenia
Catatonic Schizophrenia
Residual Schizophrenia
Undifferential Schizophrenia
Schizophrenic Like Disorder
Clinical Manifestation
Disturbance of thinking
Disturbances in Emotion
Disturbances in Behavior
Disturbances in Perception
Disturbance of Attention
Social Symptoms
Other symptoms—Mannerisms
Diagnosis
Management
Hospitalisation
Drugs
Nursing Care of Patients with Schizophrenia
1. Providing Therapeutic Environment
2. Develop Good Interpersonal Relationship with the Patients
4. Take Care of Physical Needs
Personal Hygiene
5. Nutrition and Elimination
6. Sleep
7. Prevention of self harming and harming to other.
8. Engage in Work
9. Improve his Self-esteem
10. Improve Socialization
11. Support During Convalescence
13. Discharge Planning and Health Education
CHAPTER 11:
Mood Disorders or Affective Disorders
INTRODUCTION
TYPES OF DISORDERS
1. Mania—Unipolar
2. Depression—Unipolar
3. Bipolar affective disorders (BPAD)
Etiology of Affective Disorders
Genetic Causes
Psychological Causes
Biochemical Causes
Endocrine Causes
Water and Electrolytes Causes
Hypomania
Acute Mania
Delirious Mania
Clinical Manifestations of Mania
Mixed Affective State
Manic Stupor
Diagnosis
Management
Nursing care of patients with Mania
GENERAL NURSING CARE
Maintaining Good Therapeutic Environment
Maintain Good Interpersonal Relationship (IPR)
Promote Compliance with Drug Therapy
Promote Safety and Protection
Meeting the Physical Needs of Patients
Work
Involve the Patients in Recreational and Spiritual Activities
Improve Self Esteem
Convalescence/Discharge Planning
Clinical Manifestations
General Appearance
Psychomotor Activities
Mood
Sleep is Disturbed
Retarded Depression
Depressive Stupur
Diagnosis
Management
NURSING CARE
Nursing Care of Patients with Depression
Maintain a Good Therapeutic Environment
Develop Good Interpersonal Relationship
Provide Safety and Protection
Prevent Suicide/Self-harming
Take Care of His Physical Needs
Physical Hygiene
Engage in Activities
Provide Recreation
Meet His Religious Needs
Improve Self-esteem
Convalescence
Discharge Planning and Health Education
CHAPTER 12:
Neurotic Disorder
INTRODUCTION
Etiology of Neurosis
Genetic Cause
Influence of Childhood
Psychoanalytic Theory
Faulty Learning
Environmental Causes
Life Events
DIFFERENT CONDITION IN NEUROSIS
Anxiety Disorders
Clinical Manifestations
Phobic Anxiety Disorders
Simple Phobia
Treatment
Social Phobia
Etiology
Treatment
AGORAPHOBIA
Etiology
Treatment
CONVERSION AND DISSOCIATE DISORDER/HYSTERIA
Etiology
Psychoanalytic Theory
Genetic
Stress as a Cause
Clinical Manifestations
Disorders of Movement
Disorders of Sensation
Disorders of Intelligence/Memory
Diagnosis
Management
CHAPTER 13:
Anxiety Neurosis
INTRODUCTION
DEFINITION
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ANXIETY AND FEAR
Fear
Causes of Anxiety
Symptoms of Anxiety
Physical Symptoms
Affective Symptoms
Behavioral Symptoms
Cognitive Symptoms
Levels of Anxiety
Mild Anxiety +
Moderate ++
Severe +++
Panic ++++
Adaptation Responses on a Continuum of Anxiety
Mild Anxiety
1. Mild to Moderate Anxiety
2. Moderate to Severe Disorders
3. Severe Anxiety
4. Panic Anxiety
Types of Anxiety
State Anxiety
Trait Anxiety
Acute Anxiety
Chronic Anxiety
Treatment
Nursing Management In Acute Stage of Anxiety
Nursing Care of Patient with Anxiety Attacks
Anxiety Disorders
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Panic Disorder
Diagnosis
Treatment
CHAPTER 14:
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
INTRODUCTION
OBSESSIVE COMPULSIVE DISORDER
Obsessions
Common Obsessions
Compulsions
Co-morbidity
COURSE OF ILLNESS IN ADULT
CAUSES OF OCD
Genetic
Neuropsychiatric
Immunologic
Treatment
Drug Therapy
Behavior Therapy
Psychotherapy
ECT
Psychosurgery
NURSES ROLE
Primary Prevention
Secondary Prevention
Tertiary Prevention
CHAPTER 15:
Personality Disorders
INTRODUCTION
Subdivisions of Personality Disorders
Specific personality disorders
Enduring personality changes, not attributable to brain damage and disease
Habit and impulsive disorders
Gender identify disorder
Disorders of sexual preference
Psychological and behavioral disorder associated with sexual development and orientation
Other disorders of adult personality
Elaboration of physical symptoms for psychological reasons
DIAGNOSTIC GUIDELINES OF DISORDERS
Paranoid Personality Disorder
Schizoid Personality Disorder
Dissocial Personality Disorder
Emotionally Unstable Personality Disorder
Histrionic Personality Disorder
Anankastic Personality Disorder
Anxious Personality Disorder
Dependent Personality Disorder
Enduring Personality change after Catastrophic Experience
Pathological Gambling
Pathological Fire Setting
Pathological Stealing (Kleptomania)
Gender Identify Disorder of Childhood is Characterized by
Fetishism
Exhibitionism
Voyeurism
Paedophilia
Sadomasochism
MANAGEMENT OF PERSONALITY DISORDER IN ADULTS
Assessment
Medical Treatment
Psychotherapy
Nursing Management
CHAPTER 16:
Mental Retardation or Learning Disability
INTRODUCTION
DEFINITION
MENTAL RETARDATION AND MENTAL ILLNESS
Epidemiology
Causes of Mental Retardation
Prenatal Causes of Mental Retardation
Genetic disorder
Chromosomal Disorder
Single Gene Disorder
Perinatal Causes of Mental Retardation
Postnatal Causes of Mental Retardation
Causes of Mental Retardation: (Table 16.1)
Degrees of Mental Retardation
Note
Diagnosis
COMMON HEALTH PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH MENTAL RETARDATION
Behavior Problems
Convulsions or Fits
Sensory Impairment
Other Developmental Disabilities
MYTHS AND MISCONCEPTIONS ABOUT MENTAL RETARDATION
NURSING CARE OF PATIENT WITH MENTAL RETARDATION
Providing Care
Assessment
Psychological Support
Training
BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION TECHNIQUES
Rewarding or Positive Reinforcement
Modeling
Shaping
Chaining
Physical Guidance
Vocational Training
Speech Therapy
Primary prevention
Health promotion
Specific protection
Secondary prevention (is halting disease progression)
Territory prevention (preventing complications and maximization of functions
Parental self-help group
TECHNIQUES OF SENSORY MOTOR STIMULATION FOR MENTALLY RETARDED CHILDREN
CHAPTER 17:
Child and Adolescent Behavior Problems
INTRODUCTION
CLASSIFICATION OF DISORDERS
EMOTIONAL DISORDERS
SEPARATION ANXIETY DISORDER
Phobic Anxiety Disorder of Childhood
Treatment
Social Anxiety Disorder of Childhood
Sibling Rivalry Syndrome
Treatment/Management
NON-ORGANIC ENURESIS
NON-ORGANIC ENCORPRESIS
FEEDING DISORDERS
ANOREXIA NERVOSA
Pica of Infancy and Childhood
Management
Stuttering (Stammering)
Management
Elective Mutism
Management
Masturbation
Sleep Disorders
Thumb Sucking and Nail Biting
Management
CONDUCT DISORDERS
Treatment
Oppositional Defiant Behavior
Management
Behavioral Disorder
Management
Pervasive Developmental Disorder (PDD)
Etiology
Management
Behavior Therapy
Pharmacotherapy
Dissociative (Conversion) Disorders (DD)
Management
Somatoform Disorders
Management
SDD (Specific Development Disorder)
Reading Backwardness
Reading Retardation
Difficulty in Learning Spelling
The Other Group go for Developmental Dysphases
Management
SCHIZOPHRENIA
Management
MOOD DISORDERS (MD)
MENTAL RETARDATION
NURSES ROLE IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY
CHAPTER 18:
Geriatric Nursing
INTRODUCTION
Changes in Anatomy
Changes in Physiology
Neurochemical Changes
Pathological Causes
Social Changes
PROBLEMS EXPECTED IN ELDERLY
GERIATRY AND PSYCHIATRY
Management
Prevention
Treatment
CHAPTER 19:
Alcohol and Drug Abuse
INTRODUCTION
DRUG
DRUG ABUSE
Tolerance and Crosstolerance are Generally Understood in Pharmacology
Dependency
Psychological Dependency
Physical Dependency
Withdrawal Symptoms
Acute Intoxication
Withdrawal State
Withdrawal State With Delirium
Delirium Tremors
Psychotic Disorders in Alcohol and Substance Abuse
Etiology of Substance Abuse
Alcohol Abuse and Management
Patterns of Consumption
CONSEQUENCES OR PROBLEMS OF EXCESSIVE USE OF ALCOHOL
Physical Problems
Miscellaneous
Social Problems
Management
During Acute Intoxication
Opiates Abuse and Management
Natural Alkaloids
Some Synthetic Preparation
Pure Synthetic Preparation
Complications
Management
Cocaine Abuse and Management
Modes of Abuse
Complication: When abused.
Management
Sedative and Hypnotics Abuse and Management
Intoxication and Effects
Complication
Inhalants and Volatile Solvent
Intoxication Effects
Complication
Management
Hallucinogens Abuse and Management
1. Lysergic Acid Diethlamide (LSD)
Effect and Intoxication
Management
Hallucinogenic Mushroom Abuse and Management
Use of Cannabis and Management
Use of Cannabis
Complication
Management
NURSES RESPONSIBILITIES IN ALCOHOL AND SUBSTANCE ABUSE
Prevention of Occurring
Nursing Management During the Acute Stage of Alcohol and Drug Abuse
Nursing Management of Transient Stages
Nursing Responsibility to Prevent Relapse
CHAPTER 20:
Organic Mental Disorders
INTRODUCTION
ORGANIC MENTAL DISORDER
Classification
Clinical Features
Causes of Delirium (Acute Organic Syndrome)
Nursing Care
Clinical Manifestation
Treatment
Nursing Management
1. Assessment
2. Maintaining peak physical health
3. Structuring the environment
4. Promote communication and socialization
5. Promoting independent functioning
6. Providing physical need of the patient
Nutrition
Sleep
Elimination
ORGANIC AMNESTIC SYNDROME
Causes of Amnestic Syndrome
Management
Other Psychiatric Syndromes due to Focal Brain Damage
Primary Cerebral Diseases
Systemic Diseases
Drugs
Management
UNIT IV:
CHAPTER 21:
Admission and Discharge Procedure
INTRODUCTION
TYPES OF ADMISSION IN PSYCHIATRIC HOSPITALS
I. Admission as FVB (Free Voluntary Board)
Patient Brought by Family Members
Patient himself/herself comes to the hospital
II. Reception Order
DISCHARGE PROCEDURES IN PSYCHIATRIC HOSPITAL
FVB (Free Voluntary Board)
DISCHARGE PROCEDURE FOR RECEPTION ORDER
Role of a Nurse During Admission
Discharge
CHAPTER 22:
Legal Aspects of Psychiatric Nursing
INTRODUCTION
NURSE AS A PROVIDER
Malpractice
Litigation
LEGAL RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE NURSE
Substituted Consent
Confidentiality
NURSE AS AN EMPLOYEE
NURSE AS A CITIZEN
PSYCHIATRY AND CRIMINAL RESPONSIBILITY
Criminal Responsibility
Mg Naughten Rule
Irresistible Impulse Act
Durham Rule 1954
Civil Responsibility
Management of Property and Affairs of Insane
Marriage—Under Hindu Marriage Act (1955)
Testamentary Capacity
Election or Right for Vote
RIGHTS OF PSYCHIATRIC PATIENTS
CHAPTER 23:
Indian Lunacy Act 1912 and Mental Health Act 1987
INTRODUCTION
NURSES RESPONSIBILITY
CHAPTER 24:
Records and Reports
INTRODUCTION
DEFINITION
PURPOSES
PRINCIPLES OF RECORDS KEEPING
TYPES OF RECORDS
Nursing Unit Records
Patient Records
Medical Records
Nurses Records
Assignment Records
Time Record
Census Record
Inventory Records
Nursing Office Records
Nursing Hours
Personnel Records
Attendance Records
DEFINITION
PURPOSES OF REPORTS
PRINCIPLES
TYPES OF REPORTS
Nursing Unit Reports
Oral Reports
Written Reports
Taped Reports
Automated Intershift Nursing Reports
Nursing Office Reports
Monthly Reports
Annual Reports
Varieties of Reports
Hence Records and Report are Vital to the Profession
UNIT V:
CHAPTER 25:
Psychiatric Emergencies
INTRODUCTION
COMMON PSYCHOGENIC EMERGENCIES
COMMON ORGANIC PSYCHIATRIC EMERGENCIES
Suicide or Suicidal Threat
Epidemiology
Etiologic Factors Related to Suicide
Biologic Factors
Psychogenic Factors
Sociologic Factors
MYTHS ABOUT SUICIDE
FACTS ABOUT SUICIDE
RISK FACTORS FOR SUICIDE
Five Levels of Suicidal Behavior
Management/Nursing Care
Violent Behavior
Signs and Signals of Impending Attack
Management
Excitement
Nursing Management
Panic Attacks
Management
Stuporose Psychotic Patient
Management and Nursing Care
Hysterical Patient
Management
Transient Situational Disturbances
Management
ORGANIC PSYCHIATRIC EMERGENCY
Delirium Tremors (DT)
Management
Epileptic Furor
Management
Drug Withdrawal
Management
Acute Drug Induced Extrapyramidal Symptoms
Management
Drug Toxicity/Lithium Toxicity
Management
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
Management
Neuromalignant Syndrome (NMS)
Management
Treatment
CHAPTER 26:
Rehabilitation in Psychiatric Nursing
INTRODUCTION
DEFINITIONS
Psychosocial Rehabilitation Involves Series of Steps
Rehabilitation As A Process has two Distinct Phases
REHABILITATION IS THE EFFORT OF MULTIDISCIPLINARY TEAM
Principles of Psychiatric Rehabilitation
METHODS OF REHABILITATION
In Patient Rehabilitation
a. Therapeutic Community
b. Habit Training
c. Social Skill Training
d. Occupational Therapy
e. Recreational Therapy
Community Rehabilitation
Partial Hospitalization
Half-way Home
Foster Homes
Quarter-Way Home
Acceptance of the Cured Patient by the Family
Acceptance of the Cured Patient by the Community
Re-employment
Follow up to be Done to Evaluate the Success or Failure of the Individual Program and to know the Patient Functioning and Satisfaction
ROLE OF PSYCHIATRIC NURSE IN, IN-PATIENT PSYCHIATRIC REHABILITATION
CHAPTER 27:
Pharmacotherapy—Nurses Role
NURSES RESPONSIBILITY DURING DRUG THERAPY IN PSYCHIATRY
Measurement of Circulating Drug Concentration
Drug Interaction
Drug Withdrawal
Classification of Drugs Used in Psychiatry
Antipsychotics
Typical Antipsychotics
Dose and Administration
NURSES RESPONSIBILITY
Antidepressants
TRICILIC ANTIDEPRESSANTS
Monoiamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs)
Selective Serotinin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRI)
Antidepressant Medications
NURSES ROLE WHILE PATIENT IS ON ANTIDEPRESSANTS
Mood Stabilizers
Side Effects
Mild to Moderate Intoxication (Lithium level-1.5.2 mgI/U)
Moderate to Severe (Lithium level 2.0- 2.5 mEq/L)
Severe Lithium Toxicity
Management of Lithium Toxicity
NURSES RESPONSIBILITY WHEN PATIENTS ARE ON MOOD STABILIZING DRUGS
If the Patient's Were on Lithium
Benzodiazepines
NURSES ROLE
Most Commonly Used Drugs
Anti-Parkinson Drugs
Psychostimulants
UNIT VI:
CHAPTER 28:
Common Problems in Psychiatric Nursing and Interventions
CHAPTER 29:
Community Psychiatric Nursing
INTRODUCTION TO COMMUNITY MENTAL HEALTH—NURSES ROLE
GOALS OF COMMUNITY MENTAL HEALTH ARISING
Primary Prevention
Secondary Prevention
Tertiary Prevention
THE PRINCIPLES OF COMMUNITY MENTAL HEALTH NURSING
The Search for Recognized and Unrecognized Needs
The Prevention of Disequalitarian in Mental Health
The Facilitation Of Mental Health Enhancing Activities
Therapeutic Approaches to Mental Health Care
Influencing Policies Affecting Mental Health
COMMUNITY MENTAL HEALTH IN INDIA
NMHP 1982
Recommendations of the Central Council of Health and Family Welfare Regarding NMHP
DISTRICT MENTAL HEALTH PROGRAM (DMHP)
Aims of DMHP
The Activities At CMH Unit Sakalwara
Mental Health Manpower Development
Involvement Of Families And Communities
Glossary
INTRODUCTION TO COMMON TERMINOLOGIES AND MEANINGS USED IN PSYCHIATRY—PSYCHIATRIC NURSING
INDEX
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