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Textbook of Oral Pathology Sanjay Saraf

CHAPTER 1:Physical and Chemical Injuries
- DENTOALVEOLAR INJURIES
  - Injuries to Hard Dental Tissue and Pulp
  - Injuries to the Periodontal Tissue
  - Injuries to Supporting Bone
  - Injuries to Gingiva or Oral Mucosa
  - Injuries Due to Orthodontic Treatment
    - Intraoral Trauma
    - Extraoral Trauma
- PHYSICAL ABUSE
- ORAL TRAUMA FROM SEXUAL PRACTICES
  - Clinical Features
- ANTRAL PSEUDOCYST
  - Clinical Features
  - Radiographic Features
  - Treatment
- SINUS MUCOCELES
  - Clinical Features
  - Radiographic Features
  - Treatment
- RETENTION CYST
- TOOTH MUTILATIONS
- MORSICATIO BUCCARUM/LINGUARUM
  - Clinical Features
  - Treatment
- HYDROGEN PEROXIDE
- SILVER NITRATE
- PHENOL
- ENDODONTIC MATERIALS
  - Root Canal Irrigants
- ASPIRIN
- FLAVORING AGENTS
- DENTRIFICES
- ETHANOL
- SPICES
- COTTON ROLLS
- SMOKER'S MELANOSIS
  - Clinical Features
  - Treatment
- AMALGAM TATTOO
  - Treatment
- BETEL CHEWER'S MUCOSA
  - Clinical Features
- ELECTRIC BURNS
  - Clinical Features
- THERMAL BURNS (Fig. 1.12)
- DRUG DISCOLORATION OF ORAL MUCOSA AND TEETH
  - Clinical Features
  - Clinical Features
  - Treatment
- CERVICOFACIAL EMPHYSEMA (CE)
  - Clinical Features
  - Management
- TRAUMATIC ULCERATIONS OF ORAL CAVITY
  - Treatment
- MYOSPHERULOSIS
  - Clinical Features
  - Treatment
CHAPTER 2:Healing and Repair
- INFLAMMATORY PHASE/EXUDATIVE PHASE (4–6 DAYS)
- PROLIFERATIVE PHASE (DAY 3–14)
  - Epithelialization
- MATURATIVE PHASE (DAY 7–1 YEAR)
- BONE HEALING
CHAPTER 3:Developmental Disorders of Oral and Paraoral Structures
- ENVIRONMENTAL ENAMEL HYPOPLASIA
- INTRINSIC STAINS
  - Dental Conditions
  - Dental Caries
  - Trauma
  - Infections
  - Nutritional Deficiencies and Other Disorders
  - Genetic Defects and Hereditary Disorders
- EXTRINSIC STAINS
- ANODONTIA
  - Partial Anodontia
  - Supernumerary Teeth
    - Clinical Features
- LOCALIZED ERUPTION DISTURBANCES
- FUSION AND GEMINATION (DOUBLE TEETH)
  - Gemination
    - Treatment
  - Bilateral Double Teeth
  - Triple and Quadruple Teeth
  - Dilaceration
    - Treatment
- ACCESSORY CUSPS (Figs 3.16 and 3.17)
  - Talons Cusp
    - Etiology
    - Radiographic Features
  - Dens Evaginatus (DE) (Leong's Premolar)
    - Etiology
    - Treatment
  - Cusp of Carebelli
  - Dens Invaginatus (Dens in Dente) (DI)
    - Treatment
- ECTOPIC ENAMEL
  - Enamel Pearls, Enamel Drops
  - Cervical Enamel Extensions
    - Treatment
  - Taurodontism
    - Treatment
- AMELOGENESIS IMPERFECTA
  - Witkop's Classification of Amelogenesis Imperfecta
  - Dentinogenesis Imperfecta
  - Dentin Dysplasia
  - Regional Odontodysplasia
- OROFACIAL CLEFTS
  - Epidemiology
  - Etiopathogenesis
  - Normal Embryology
  - Embryonic Basis of Orofacial Clefting
    - Genetic Factors
  - Single Gene Disorder
  - Role of Teratogens and Maternal Age
  - Variants of Orofacial Clefts
  - Noncleft Palatal Anomalies
    - Treatment
- DOUBLE LIP
  - Clinical Features
  - Treatment
- COMMISSURAL LIP PITS
  - Clinical Features
  - Treatment
- PARAMEDIAN LIP PITS (CONGENITAL FISTULAS OF THE LOWER LIP; CONGENITAL LIP PITS)
  - Clinical Features
- FORDYCE'S GRANULES
  - Clinical Features
  - Treatment
- LINGUAL VARICOSITIES
  - Clinical Features
  - Treatment
- EXOSTOSIS
  - Clinical Features
- TORUS PALATINUS
  - Clinical Features
  - Treatment
- MANDIBULAR TORUS
  - Clinical Features
  - Treatment
- LINEA ALBA
- ANKYLOGLOSSIA
- AGLOSSIA
- FISSURED TONGUE (SCROTAL TONGUE: LINGUA PLICATA)
- MACROGLOSSIA
- LINGUAL THYROID
  - Treatment
- DEVELOPMENTAL CYSTS
  - Median Mandibular Cyst
    - Clinical Features
    - Treatment
  - Median Palatine Cyst/Median Alveolar Cyst
    - Treatment
- GLOBULOMAXILLARY CYST
  - Radiographic Features
  - Treatment
- NASOLABIAL CYST (NASOALVEOLAR CYST)
  - Clinical Features
  - Radiographic Features
  - Pathogenesis
  - Treatment
- NASOPALATINE DUCT CYST
  - Clinical Features
  - Radiographic Features
  - Treatment
- GINGIVAL CYST AND MIDPALATAL RAPHE CYST OF INFANTS
  - Epstein's Pearls and Bohn's Nodules
  - Treatment
- ORAL LYMPHOEPITHELIAL CYST
  - Clinical Features
  - Treatment
- THYROGLOSSAL DUCT CYST
  - Clinical Features
  - Treatment
- BRANCHIAL CLEFT CYST (CERVICAL LYMPHOEPITHELIAL CYST)
- EPIDERMOID CYST OF SKIN
  - Clinical Features
- DERMOID CYST
  - Treatment
- RARE DEVELOPMENTAL ANOMALIES
  - Segmental Odontomaxillary Dysplasia (SOD)
    - Clinical Features
    - Treatment
  - Accessory Jaw and Mouth
  - Congenital Unilateral Fusion of Maxilla and Mandible
  - Hemihyperplasia
    - Clinical Features
    - Treatment
- PROGRESSIVE HEMIFACIAL ATROPHY (PARRY-ROMBERG SYNDROME)
- DEVELOPMENTAL DISTURBANCES OF THE CONDYLE AND CORONOID PROCESS OF THE MANDIBLE
  - Bifid Condyle
  - Coronoid Hyperplasia
    - Clinical Features
    - Treatment
  - Condylar Hyperplasia
    - Clinical Features
    - Treatment
  - Condylar Hypoplasia
    - Clinical Features
    - Treatment
CHAPTER 4:Bacterial, Viral, Mycotic and Protozoal Disorders
- SYPHILIS
  - Etiology
  - Epidemiology
  - Pathogenesis
  - Clinical Features
  - Laboratory Diagnosis of Syphilis
  - Treatment
- ACTINOMYCOSIS
  - Etiology
  - Epidemiology
  - Pathogenesis
  - Clinical Features
  - Treatment
- LEPROSY (HANSEN'S DISEASE)
  - Epidemiology
  - Etiology
  - Pathogenesis
  - Clinical Feature
    - Tuberculoid Leprosy
    - Lepromatous Leprosy
  - Diagnosis
- TUBERCULOSIS
  - Epidemiology
- TRANSMISSION OF TUBERCULOSIS
  - Clinical Features
- EXTRAPULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS
- TB AND HIV INFECTION
  - Treatment
- NOMA
  - Epidemiology
  - Clinical Features
  - Etiopathogenesis
  - Treatment
- GONORRHEA
  - Epidemiology
  - Pathogenesis
  - Clinical Features
  - Treatment
- DIPHTHERIA
  - Pathogenesis
  - Clinical Features
  - Treatment
- ERYSIPELAS
  - Clinical Features
  - Treatment
- IMPETIGO
  - Clinical Features
  - Treatment
- SCARLET FEVER
  - Clinical Features
  - Diagnosis
  - Treatment
- HERPES VIRUSES
- HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUSES
- HERPES SIMPLEX INFECTION
  - Epidemiology
  - Pathogenesis
- PRIMARY HSV-1 INFECTION
  - Clinical Features
    - Primary Intraoral Recurrent HSV-1 Infection
- GENITAL HSV INFECTION
  - Clinical Features
  - Immune Response to HSV Infection
  - Diagnosis
- VARICELLA ZOSTER VIRUS
- VARICELLA (CHICKENPOX)
  - Pathogenesis of VZV/or Varicella Infection
  - Clinical Features
  - Treatment
- HERPES ZOSTER (SHINGLES)
  - Etiopathogenesis
  - Clinical Features
    - Prodromal Phase
    - Skin Lesions
  - Complications
  - Treatment
- ENTEROVIRUSES
  - Treatment
- CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTION
  - Treatment
- MEASLES (RUBEOLA; MORBILLI)
  - Treatment
- MUMPS (EPIDEMIC PAROTITIS)
  - Pathogenesis
  - Clinical Features
  - Treatment
- RUBELLA (GERMAN MEASLES)
  - Pathogenesis
  - Clinical Features
- CONGENITAL RUBELLA
  - Treatment
- HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION
  - Epidemiology
  - Clinical Features
    - Acute Infection
    - Early Stage Disease
  - Treatment
- CANDIDOSIS
  - Pathogenesis
  - Host Factors
  - Exogenous Factors
  - Diagnosis
  - Treatment
- MUCORMYCOSIS (ZYGOMYCOIS, PHYCOMYCOSIS)
  - Pathogenesis
  - Clinical Features
  - Diagnosis
  - Treatment
- HISTOPLASMOSIS
  - Pathogenesis
  - Clinical Features
  - Diagnosis
  - Treatment
- BLASTOMYCOSIS
  - Pathogenesis
  - Clinical Features
  - Treatment
- PARACOCCIDIOIDOMYCOSIS (SOUTH AMERICAN BLASTOMYCOSIS)
  - Treatment
- ASPERGILLOSIS
  - Treatment
- COCCIDIOIDOMYCOSIS (SYNONYMS: SAN JOAQUIN VALLEY FEVER, VALLEY FEVER)
  - Clinical Features
  - Treatment
- CRYPTOCOCCUS
  - Clinical Features
  - Treatment
- MYIASIS
  - Etiology
  - Pathogenesis
  - Treatment
- LEISHMANIASIS
  - Mucosal Leishmaniasis
  - Treatment
- TOXOPLASMOSIS
  - Clinical Features
  - Treatment
- CYSTICERCOSIS
  - Treatment
- INFECTIOUS DISEASE DUE TO INFECTED PROTEINACOUS PARTICLE
  - Prion Disease (Human Transmissible Spongioform Encephalopathies)
CHAPTER 5:Oral Manifestations of Systemic Disorders
- HYPERTHYROIDISM AND THYROTOXICOSIS
- GRAVES' DISEASE
  - Etiopathogenesis
  - Clinical Features
  - Treatment
- HYPOTHYROIDISM (CRETINISM, MYXEDEMA)
  - Etiopathogenesis
  - Clinical Features
  - Laboratory Investigations
  - Treatment
- CUSHING'S SYNDROME
  - Etiopathogenesis
  - Clinical Features
  - Treatment
- PRIMARY ADRENOCORTICAL DEFICIENCY (ADDISON'S DISEASE)
  - Etiopathogenesis
    - Primary
    - Secondary
  - Clinical Features
  - Laboratory Findings
  - Treatment
- HYPERPARATHYROIDISM
  - Clinical Features
  - Treatment
- HYPOPARATHYROIDISM
  - Etiopathogenesis
  - Clinical Features
  - Treatment
- ACROMEGALY
  - Etiopathogenesis
  - Clinical Features
  - Treatment
- HYPERPITUITARISM
- PITUITARY GIGANTISM
- HYPOPITUITARISM
  - Treatment
- DIABETES MELLITUS
  - Type I: Diabetes
  - Type 2: Diabetes
  - Other Types of DM
- DEFICIENCY OF VITAMIN B COMPLEX
- THIAMINE (VITAMIN B1) DEFICIENCY
  - Clinical Features
- RIBOFLAVIN (VITAMIN B2)
- NIACIN (VITAMIN B3)
- PYRIDOXINE (VITAMIN B6)
- VITAMIN B12 AND FOLIC ACID
- VITAMIN C
- BIOTIN
- PANTOTHENIC ACID
- CHOLINE
- VITAMIN A OR RETINOL
- VITAMIN E
- VITAMIN K
  - Oral Signs and Symptoms of Nutritional Deficiencies
- RICKETS
  - Treatment
- HYPOPHOSPHATASIA
  - Clinical Features
  - Treatment
- CROHN'S DISEASE
  - Etiopathogenesis
  - Clinical Features
  - Treatment
- MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDOSES
  - Clinical Features
  - Treatment
- NIEMANN-PICK DISEASE (NPD)
- GAUCHER'S DISEASE
- TAY-SACHS DISEASE
  - Treatment
- AMYLOIDOSIS
  - Systemic Type
    - Clinical Features
  - Localized Type
  - Treatment
- LIPOID PROTEINOSIS
  - Clinical Features
  - Treatment
- CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE (CVD)
  - Genetic
  - Environmental Factors
  - Stroke
- INFECTIVE ENDOCARDITIS
  - Bacterial Pneumonia
  - Rheumatoid Arthritis
  - Diabetes Mellitus
  - Pre-term Birth and Low Birth Weight
CHAPTER 6:Allergic and Inmunological Disorders
- MINOR APHTHOUS STOMATITIS
- MAJOR RECURRENT APHTHOUS STOMATITIS (MjRAS)
- HERPETIFORM ULCERATION (HU)
- PEDIATRIC OR NEONATAL BEHÇET'S DISEASE
- WEGENER'S GRANULOMATOSIS
- CONTACT STOMATITIS
- IRRITANT CONTACT STOMATITIS
CHAPTER 7:Dental Caries
- CHEMO-PARASITIC THEORY
- CURRENT CONCEPTS OF ETIOPATHOGENESIS OF DENTAL CARIES
- EARLY STAGE OF CARIES
  - White Spot Lesion
- HIDDEN OR OCCULT STAGE
  - Frank Cavitation
  - Arrested Caries
- EARLY CHILDHOOD CARIES
- CARIES IN DENTIN
- ROOT CARIES
- CARIES VACCINE
CHAPTER 8:Pulp and Periapical Disorders
- PULPITIS
  - Trauma
- PATHWAYS OF PULPAL INFECTION
  - Injury Response in Dentin-Pulp Complex
  - Repair Process in Dentin-Pulp Complex
- APICAL PERIODONTITIS
  - Acute Apical Periodontitis
    - Treatment
  - Chronic Apical Periodontitis (Periapical Granuloma)
    - Clinical Features
    - Treatment
- RADICULAR CYST
  - Clinical Features
  - Radiographic Features
- VARIANTS OF INFLAMMATORY CYSTS
  - Treatment
  - Clinical Features
- PERIAPICAL ABSCESS
  - Clinical Features
  - Treatment
CHAPTER 9:Spread of Oral Infections
- INTRODUCTION
  - Factors Influencing Spread of Infection from Foci
  - Oral Foci of Infection and its Implication on Other Systems
  - Microbiology of Odontogenic Infections
  - Progression of Dental Infection and its Spread to Surrounding Structures/Areas
  - Pathophysiology
  - Microbiology
    - Types: I Depending on Presence/Absence of Pus
    - Type II: Depending on organisms involved
- ACUTE OSTEOMYELITIS
  - Clinical Features
  - Treatment
- CHRONIC OSTEOMYELITIS
  - Radiological Features (Fig. 9.3)
  - Management
- INFANTILE OSTEOMYELITIS
- DIFFUSE SCLEROSING OSTEOMYELITIS
  - Radiographic Features
- CHRONIC TENDOPERIOSTITIS
- SAPHO SYNDROME
  - Treatment
- CONDENSING OSTETITIS (FOCAL SCLEROSING OSTEOMYELITIS)
  - Clinical Features
  - Treatment
- OSTEOMYELITIS WITH PROLIFERATIVE PERIOSTITIS (PERIOSTITIS OSSIFICANS, GARRE'S OSTEOMYELITIS)
  - Clinical Features
  - Treatment
- CELLULITIS (HOSPITAL GANGRENE/PHLEGMON)
  - Clinical Features (Fig. 9.4)
  - Treatment
- SOFT TISSUE ABSCESS (Fig. 9.5)
  - Pathophysiology
  - Clinical Features
  - Treatment
- SINUS AND FISTULA (Figs 9.6 and 9.7)
  - Pathophysiology
  - Treatment
- SPREAD OF ODONTOGENIC INFECTION TO VARIOUS FACIAL SPACES
  - Presentation and Localization of Dental Abscesses
- FACIAL SPACES OF CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
  - Buccal Space (Superficial Compartment)
  - Space of Body of Mandible
  - Mental Space (Fig. 9.8D)
  - Floor of Mouth
  - Masticator Space
  - Pterygomandibular Space
  - Parapharyngeal Space
  - Parotid Compartment
  - Paratonsillar Space
- LUDWIG'S ANGINA
  - Etiology
  - Clinical Features
  - Treatment of Space Infections in General
- MAXILLARY SINUSITIS
  - Clinical Features
  - Radiology
  - Treatment
- CAVERNOUS SINUS THROMBOSIS
  - Clinical Features
  - Treatment
- BRAIN ABSCESS
  - Clinical Features
  - Treatment
- MENINGITIS
  - Clinical Features
  - Treatment
- MEDIASTINITIS
  - Clinical Features
  - Treatment
- LOCAL DENTAL AND PARADENTAL CONDITIONS
  - Alveolar Osteitis (Dry socket)
  - Biofibrinolytic Theory
  - Bacterial Theory
  - Clinical Features
  - Treatment
- IDIOPATHIC OSTEOSCLEROSIS
  - Clinical Features
CHAPTER 10:Cysts of Oral and Paraoral Structures
- DENTIGEROUS CYST (FOLLICULAR CYST)
- ERUPTION CYSTS
- PRIMORDIAL CYST
- ODONTOGENIC KERATOCYST (OKC)
- GINGIVAL CYST OF ADULT
- LATERAL PERIODONTAL CYST (LPC)
- BOTRYOID ODONTOGENIC CYST (BOC)
  - Treatment
- GLANDULAR ODONTOGENIC CYST (SIALO-ODONTOGENIC CYST)
  - Clinical Features
  - Treatment
- CALCIFYING ODONTOGENIC CYST (GORLIN'S CYST)
CHAPTER 11:Neoplasms of Oral Cavity
- SQUAMOUS PAPILLOMA
  - Clinical Features
  - Treatment
- FOCAL EPITHELIAL HYPERPLASIA—HECK'S DISEASE
  - Epidemiology
  - Clinical Features
  - Etiology
  - Treatment
- CONDYLOMA ACUMINATUM
  - Clinical Features
  - Treatment
- VERRUCA VULGARIS (COMMON WART)
  - Clinical Features
  - Treatment
- MOLLUSCUM CONTAGIOSUM
  - Clinical Features
  - Treatment
- VERRUCIFORM XANTHOMA
  - Clinical Features
  - Treatment
- EPHELIS (FRECKLES)
  - Epidemiology
  - Clinical Features
  - Treatment
- ACTINIC LENTIGO (LENTIGO SOLARIS; AGE SPOT, LIVER SPOT, SENILE LENTIGO)
  - Clinical Features
  - Treatment
- LENTIGO SIMPLEX (SIMPLE LENTIGO, EPHELIS, MELONOSIS, SOLITARY LABIAL LENTIGO, LABIAL MELANOTIC MACULE
  - Clinical Features
  - Treatment
- ORAL MELANOTIC MACULES
  - Treatment
- ORAL MELANOCANTHOMA
  - Clinical Features
  - Treatment
- MELANOCYTIC NEVI
- ACQUIRED MELANOCYTIC NEVI
  - Treatment
- BLUE NEVUS
  - Treatment
- CONGENITAL MELANOCYTIC NEVI
  - Treatment
- PIGMENTED NEVI OF ORAL MUCOSA
- KERATOCANTHOMA (KA)
  - Clinical Features
  - Etiopathogenesis
  - Differential Diagnosis
  - Treatment
- LEUKOPLAKIA
  - Etiology
  - Clinical Features
  - Dysplasia
- ERYTHROPLAKIA
- PROLIFERATIVE VERRUCOUS HYPERPLASIA
- NICOTINIC STOMATITIS (SMOKER'S PALATE)
  - Clinical Features
  - Treatment
- ORAL SUBMUCOUS FIBROSIS
  - Epidemiology
  - Etiopathogenesis
  - Pathogenesis
  - Clinical Features
  - Treatment and Prognosis
- SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA
  - Incidence
  - Prevalence
- TOBACCO
- BETEL QUID
- TOBACCO SMOKING
  - Mechanism of Tobacco Carcinogenesis
- ALCOHOL
- VIRUSES AND ORAL CANCER
  - DNA Viruses and Associated Cancers
  - Mechanism of Viral Oncogenesis
  - Occupation
  - Diet
  - Dental Factors
  - Radiation
  - Genetics
  - Risk Factors for Oral Cancers in Young Adults
- IMMUNE DEFENSE
- SYPHILIS
- CANDIDAL INFECTION
  - Clinical Features
  - Clinical Features
  - Pattern of Invasion
  - Vascular Invasion
    - Staging
  - Treatment
- VERRUCOUS CARCINOMA (VC)
  - Clinical Features
  - Treatment
- BASALOID SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA
  - Treatment
- SPINDLE CELL CARCINOMA
  - Clinical Features
- BASAL CELL CARCINOMA
  - Treatment
- MELANOMA
  - Etiopathogenesis
  - Clinical Characteristics
  - Treatment
- AMELOBLASTOMA
  - Histogenesis
  - Pathogenesis
  - Clinical Features
  - Radiographic Features
  - Treatment
- UNICYSTIC AMELOBLASTOMA
  - Clinical Features
  - Radiographic Feature
  - Treatment and Behavior
- PERIPHERAL AMELOBLASTOMA
- SQUAMOUS ODONTOGENIC TUMOR
  - Clinical Features
  - Treatment
- PRIMARY INTRAOSSEOUS SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA OF JAWS
  - Primary Intraosseous Carcinoma
  - Treatment
- MALIGNANT AMELOBLASTOMA AND AMELOBLASTIC CARCINOMA
  - Neoplasms Arising from Other Benign Lesions
- CLEAR CELL ODONTOGENIC TUMOR
  - Treatment
- CEOT (PINDBORG'S TUMOR)
  - Clinical Features
  - Radiographic Features
- VARIANTS OF CEOT
  - Clear Cell Calcifying Epithelial Odontogenic Variant (CCCEOT)
  - Other Rare Histopathological Variations of CEOT
  - Treatment
- ADENOMATOID ODONTOGENIC TUMOR
  - Clinical Features
  - Radiographic Features
    - Ultrastructural
  - Treatment
- MIXED ODONTOGENIC TUMORS
  - Ameloblastic Fibroma
  - Histogenesis
  - Clinical Features
  - Radiographic Features
  - Treatment
- RARE VARIANTS OF AMELOBLASTIC FIBROMA
  - Treatment
  - Radiographic Features
  - Treatment
- ODONTOAMELOBLASTOMA
  - Treatment
- DENTINOMA
- ODONTOMA
  - Clinical Features
  - Radiographic Features
  - Treatment
- TUMORS OF ODONTOGENIC ECTOMESENCHYME
  - Odontogenic Myxoma
  - Peripheral Odontogenic Fibroma
  - Clinical Features
  - Treatment
- CENTRAL ODONTOGENIC FIBROMA
  - Clinical Features
  - Radiographic Features
  - Treatment
- FIBROMA
  - Clinical Features
  - Treatment
- GIANT CELL FIBROMA
  - Clinical Features
  - Treatment
- EPULIS FISSURATUM (INFLAMMATORY FIBROUS HYPERPLASIA, DENTURE EPULIS, DENTURE INJURY TUMOR)
  - Clinical Features
  - Treatment
- INFLAMMATORY PAPILLARY HYPERPLASIA
  - Clinical Features
  - Treatment
- FIBROUS HISTIOCYTOMA
  - Treatment
- PYOGENIC GRANULOMA
  - Clinical Features
  - Treatment
- PERIPHERAL GIANT CELL GRANULOMA
  - Clinical Features
  - Treatment
- PERIPHERAL OSSIFYING FIBROMA
  - Clinical Features
  - Treatment
- ORAL FOCAL MUCINOSIS
  - Clinical Features
  - Treatment
- LIPOMA
  - Clinical Features
  - Treatment
- CONGENITAL EPULIS
  - Clinical Features
  - Treatment
- GRANULAR CELL TUMOR
  - Clinical Features
  - Treatment
- FIBROMATOSIS
  - Treatment
- HEMANGIOMA AND VASCULAR MALFORMATIONS
  - Clinical Features
- COMPLICATION OF HEMANGIOMAS
  - Treatment
- STURGE-WEBER SYNDROME (ENCEPHALOTRIGEMINAL ANGIOMATOSIS)
  - Clinical Features
  - Treatment
- NASOPHARYNGEAL ANGIOFIBROMA
  - Clinical Features
  - Treatment
- HEMANGIOPERICYTOMA
  - Clinical Features
  - Treatment
- LYMPHANGIOMA
  - Treatment
- TRAUMATIC NEUROMA
  - Pathognesis
  - Clinical Features
  - Treatment
- PALISADED ENCAPSULATED NEUROMA (SOLITARY CIRCUMSCRIBED NEUROMA)
  - Clinical Features
  - Treatment
- NEUROFIBROMA
  - Clinical Features
- NEURILEMMOMA (SCHWANNOMA)
  - Clinical Features
- VARIANT OF SCHWANNOMA
  - Treatment
- NEUROFIBROMATOSIS
  - Clinical Features
- DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA FOR NF-I
  - Treatment
- MULTIPLE ENDOCRINE NEOPLASIA (MEN)
- CARNEY COMPLEX
  - Treatment
- MELANOTIC NEUROECTODERMAL TUMOR OF INFANCY (MNIT)
  - Clinical Features
- LABORATORY VALUES
  - Treatment
- LEIOMYOMAS
  - Clinical Features
  - Treatment
- RHABDOMYOMA
  - Clinical Features
  - Treatment
- FIBROSARCOMA
  - Clinical Features
  - Treatment
- MALIGNANT FIBROUS HISTIOCYTOMA
  - Clinical Features
  - Treatment
- KAPOSI'S SARCOMA
  - Classic/Chronic Kaposi's Sarcoma
    - Endemic Type of Kaposi's Sarcoma
  - Transplantation Associated Kaposi's Sarcoma
  - AIDS-Related Kaposi's Sarcoma
  - Treatment
- ANGIOSARCOMA
  - Clinical Features
  - Treatment
- SYNOVIAL SARCOMA
  - Clinical Features
  - Treatment
- OLFACTORY NEUROBLASTOMA (ESTHESIONEUROBLASTOMA, ESTHESIONEUROEPITHELIOMA, NEUROENDOCRINE CARCINOMA)
  - Clinical Features
  - Treatment
- LIPOSARCOMA
  - Clinical Features
  - De-Differentiated Liposarcoma
  - Pleomorphic Liposarcoma
  - Treatment
- LEIOMYOSARCOMA
  - Clinical Features
  - Treatment
- RHABDOMYOSARCOMA
  - Clinical Features
- PLEOMORPHIC RMS
  - Treatment
CHAPTER 12:Disorders of Periodontium
- CLASSIFICATION OF PERIODONTAL DISEASES AND CONDITIONS
- GINGIVAL DISEASES
  - Dental Plaque-Induced Gingival Diseases
  - Nonplaque-Induced Gingival Lesions
- PERIODONTITIS
- HISTOPATHOLOGIC STAGING OF GINGIVITIS
- ACUTE GINGIVAL INFECTIONS
- NECROTIZING ULCERATIVE GINGIVITIS (Fig. 12.7)
  - Clinical Course and Distribution
- PERICORONITIS
- GINGIVAL ENLARGEMENTS
- INFLAMMATORY ENLARGEMENT
- ACUTE INFLAMMATORY ENLARGEMENT
  - Gingival Abscess
    - Etiology
  - Periodontal Abscess (Lateral or Parietal Abscess)
    - Etiology
- CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY GINGIVAL ENLARGEMENT
  - Etiology
- IDIOPATHIC GINGIVAL ENLARGEMENT (Figs 12.9 and 12.10)
- DRUG-INDUCED GINGIVAL ENLARGEMENTS (Figs 12.10 to 12.13)
- ENLARGEMENTS CAUSED BY SYSTEMIC DISEASE
  - Leukemia-Associated Gingival Enlargement
- GRANULOMATOUS DISEASE
- CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS (Figs 12.14 to 12.17)
- NECROTIZING ULCERATIVE PERIODONTITIS (NUP)
  - Non-AIDS-Associated NUP
  - AIDS-Associated NUP
    - Etiology
- REFRACTORY PERIODONTITIS
  - Etiology
- AGGRESSIVE PERIODONTITIS (Figs 12.18 to 12.23)
CHAPTER 13:Disorders of Salivary Glands
- PLEOMORPHIC ADENOMA
  - Clinical Features
  - Treatment
- MALIGNANT PLEOMORPHIC ADENOMA (MALIGNANT MIXED TUMORS)
  - Carcinoma Ex-Pleomorphic Adenoma
    - Clinical Features
  - Treatment
  - Carcinosarcomas
    - Clinical Features
    - Treatment
  - Metastasizing Mixed Tumor
- MONOMORPHIC ADENOMA
- BASAL CELL ADENOMA
  - Clinical Features
- CANALICULAR ADENOMA
  - Clinical Features
  - Treatment
- WARTHIN'S TUMOR
  - Clinical Features
  - Treatment
- MYOEPITHELIOMA
  - Clinical Features
  - Treatment
- DUCTAL PAPILLOMAS
  - Treatment
- SEBACEOUS CELL LESIONS
- ONCOCYTOMA
  - Clinical Features
  - Treatment
- MUCOEPIDERMOID CARCINOMA
  - Clinical Features
  - Treatment
- ACINIC CELL CARCINOMA (ACC)
  - Clinical Features
  - Treatment
- ADENOID CYSTIC CARCINOMA (CYLINDROMA)
  - Clinical Features
  - Treatment
- PRIMARY SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA
  - Clinical Features
  - Treatment
- ADENOCARCINOMA
  - Clinical Features
  - Treatment
- CLEAR CELL CARCINOMA
  - Treatment
- EPITHELIAL-MYOEPITHELIAL CARCINOMA
  - Treatment
- UNDIFFERENTIATED CARCINOMA
  - Treatment
- MUCOCELES
  - Clinical Features
  - Etiopathogenesis
  - Treatment
- XEROSTOMIA
  - Causes of Xerostomia
  - Clinical Features
  - Management
    - Topical Therapies
    - Systemic Therapies
- CHELITIS GLANDULARIS
  - Clinical Features
  - Treatment
- NECROTIZING SIALOMETAPLASIA
  - Clinical Features
- ADENOMATOID HYPERPLASIA OF THE MINOR SALIVARY GLANDS
  - Clinical Features
  - Treatment
- SIALOLITHIASIS
  - Clinical Features
  - Treatment
- SIALADENITIS
  - Clinical Features
    - Treatment
- SIALORRHEA
  - Treatment
- SJÖGREN'S SYNDROME
  - Etiopathogenesis
  - Clinical Features
  - Treatment
CHAPTER 14:Hematological Disorders
- INTRODUCTION
- IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA
  - Etiopathogenesis
    - Causes of Iron Deficiency
  - Clinical Features
  - Blood Picture
  - Biochemical Findings
  - Treatment
- MEGALOBLASTIC ANEMIA
  - Requirements and Stores
  - Etiopathogenesis
  - Clinical Features
  - Blood Picture
  - Biochemical Findings
  - Bone Marrow
- PERNICIOUS ANEMIA
  - Etiopathogenesis
  - Clinical Features
  - Blood Picture
  - Treatment
- SICKLE CELL ANEMIA
  - Etiopathogenesis
  - Clinical Features
  - Laboratory Findings
  - Treatment
- β-THALASSEMIA
  - β-Thalassemia Major
    - Clinical Features
    - Blood Picture
  - Thalassemia Minor
    - Blood Picture
- α-THALASSEMIA
- APLASTIC ANEMIA
- ACQUIRED
  - Classification of Aplastic Anemia
  - Drugs
  - Radiation
  - Infections
  - Immunological Diseases
  - Pregnancy
  - Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria
  - Congenital Disorders
  - Clinical Features
  - Laboratory Studies
  - Treatment
  - Secondary Polycythemia (Erythrocytosis)
  - Clinical Features
  - Blood Picture
  - Laboratory Findings
  - Treatment
  - Clinical Features
- CYCLIC NEUTROPENIA
  - Treatment
  - Etiology
- ACUTE LEUKEMIA
  - Clinical Features
  - Laboratory Investigations
  - Blood Picture
- CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA
  - Clinical Features
  - Blood Picture
- CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKEMIA
  - Blood Picture
  - Bone Marrow
  - Treatment of Leukemias
- HISTIOCYTOSIS
  - Epidemiology
  - Etiopathogenesis
  - Histiocytosis X-localized: Eosinophilic Granuloma
  - Histiocytosis X-disseminated: Chronic Form (Hand-Schüller-Christian Syndrome)
  - Histiocytosis X-disseminated: Acute or Subacute Form (Letterer-Siwe Disease)
  - Treatment
- HEMORRHAGIC DISORDERS DUE TO CAPILLARY DEFECTS
  - Non-thrombocytopenic Purpura
    - Acquired
    - Congenital
- HEMORRHAGIC DISORDERS DUE TO PLATELET ABNORMALITIES
  - Thrombocytopenic Purpura
  - Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura
  - Pathogenesis
  - Blood Picture
  - Secondary Thrombocytopenia
  - Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura
  - Neonatal and Inherited Thrombocytopenia
  - Neonatal and Congenital Thrombocytopenia
- QUALITATIVE PLATELET DISORDERS
  - Congenital
  - Platelet Procoagulant Activity Defects
- CONGENITAL COAGULATION DISORDERS
- ACQUIRED COAGULATION DEFECTS
  - Hemophilia
  - Clinical Features
  - Treatment of Bleeding and Coagulation Disorders
- HODGKIN'S DISEASE (HD)
- CYTOPATHOLOGY
  - Non-neoplastic Cells
  - Neoplastic Cells (Neoplastic Mononuclear Cells)
  - Reed-Sternberg (RS) Cells (Neoplastic Multinucleate Cells) (Fig. 14.14)
  - Immunohistochemistry
    - Blood Picture
    - Treatment
  - Etiology
  - Risk Factors Associated with NHL
  - Clinical Features
  - Treatment
  - Treatment
- MYCOSIS FUNGOIDES/SÉZARY SYNDROME
  - Treatment
  - Etiopathogenesis
  - Clinical Manifestations
  - Infectious Mononucleosis in Older Adults
  - Treatment
  - Clinical Features
  - Radiographic Features
  - Treatment
  - Clinical Features
  - Radiographic Features
  - Treatment
CHAPTER 15:Dermatological Disorders
- LICHEN PLANUS VARIANTS
- LICHENOID DRUG ERUPTIONS
- PEMPHIGUS VULGARIS
  - Clinical Features
  - Etiopathogenesis
  - Treatment
- PEMPHIGUS FOLIACEUS
- ENDEMIC PEMPHIGUS FOLIACEUS (EPF), FOGO SELVOGEM (WILDFIRE)
- PEMPHIGUS ERYTHEMATOSUS
- PEMPHIGUS VEGETANS
- PARANEOPLASTIC PEMPHIGUS
  - Treatment
- BULLOUS PEMPHIGOID
  - Pathogenesis
  - Clinical Features
  - Treatment
- CICATRICIAL PEMPHIGOID (BENIGN MUCOSAL PEMPHIGOID)
  - Clinical Features
  - Treatment
- PSORIASIS
  - Etiopathogenesis
  - Clinical Features
  - Treatment
- GEOGRAPHIC TONGUE
  - Treatment
- DERMATITIS HERPETIFORM
  - Etiopathogenesis
  - Clinical Features
  - Treatment
- ERYTHEMA MULTIFORME
  - Clinical Features
  - Erythema Multiforme Minor (EM Minor)
  - Erythema Multiforme Major
  - Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS)
  - Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis
    - Etiopathogenesis
  - Treatment
- EPIDERMOLYSIS BULLOSA
  - EB Simplex
  - Etiopathogenesis
  - Junctional Type EB
  - Etiopathogenesis
  - Dermolytic (Dystrophic) EB
  - Treatment
- SCLERODERMA
  - Etiopathogenesis
    - Localized Scleroderma (Morphea)
    - Systemic Scleroderma
  - Treatment
- LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS
  - Drug Induced Lupus
  - Treatment
- ACANTHOSIS NIGRICANS
  - Clinical Features
  - Treatment
- HEREDITARY BENIGN INTRAEPITHELIAL DYSKERATOSIS (SALLMANN-WITKOP SYNDROME)
  - Clinical Features
  - Treatment
- PACHYONYCHIA CONGENITA
  - Clinical Features
  - Treatment
- DARRIER'S DISEASE (KERATOSIS FOLLICULARIS) (DARIER-WHITE DISEASE)
  - Clinical Features
  - Treatment
- DYSKERATOSIS CONGENITA
  - Clinical Features
  - Treatment
- HEREDITARY HEMORRHAGIC TELANGIECTASIA (HHT)
  - Clinical Features
  - Treatment
- EHLERS-DANLOS SYNDROMES
  - Classic Type
  - Treatment
- INCONTINENTIA PIGMENTI (IP)
  - Treatment
- ECTODERMAL DYSPLASIA
  - Etiopathogenesis
  - Clinical Features
  - Treatment
- WHITE SPONGE NEVUS
  - Clinical Features
  - Etiopathogenesis
- LINEAR IGA DISEASE
- IF
  - Treatment
CHAPTER 16:Disorders of Bone and Joints of Oral and Maxillofacial Regions
- FIBROUS DYSPLASIA
  - Clinical Features
  - Radiographic Features
  - Laboratory Findings
  - Treatment
  - Malignant Potential of Fibrous Dysplasia
- PERIAPICAL CEMENTO-OSSEOUS DYSPLASIA (PCOD) OR PERIAPICAL CEMENTAL DYSPLASIA (CEMENTOMA)
  - Clinical Features
  - Radiographic Features
  - Treatment
- FLORID CEMENTO-OSSEOUS DYSPLASIA (FLCOD)
  - Clinical Features
  - Radiographic Features
  - Treatment
- FOCAL CEMENTO-OSSEOUS DYSPLASIA (FCOD)
  - Clinical Features
  - Radiographic Features
  - Treatment
- FAMILIAL GIGANTIFORM CEMENTOMA
  - Clinical Features
  - Radiographic Features
  - Treatment
- OSSIFYING FIBROMA
  - Clinical Features
  - Radiographic Features
  - Treatment
- PSAMMOMATOID ACTIVE OSSIFYING FIBROMA
  - Clinical Features
  - Radiographic Features
  - Treatment
- CHERUBISM
  - Clinical Features
  - Radiographic Features
  - Treatment
- OSTEOMA
  - Clinical Features
  - Radiographic Features
  - Treatment
- OSTEOID OSTEOMA
  - Clinical Features
  - Radiographic Features
  - Treatment
- OSTEOBLASTOMA
  - Clinical Features
  - Radiographic Features
  - Treatment
- CEMENTOBLASTOMA
  - Clinical Features
  - Radiographic Features
  - Treatment
- ENDOCHONDROMA/CHONDROMA
  - Clinical Features
  - Radiographic Features
  - Treatment
- CHONDROMYXOID FIBROMA (CMF)
  - Clinical Features
  - Radiographic Features
  - Treatment
- GENETIC
  - Clinical Features
  - Radiographic Features
  - Treatment
- CHONDROSARCOMA
  - Clinical Features
  - Radiographic Features
    - Variants
- MESENCHYMAL CHONDROSARCOMA
  - Treatment
- EWING'S SARCOMA
  - Clinical Features
  - Radiographic Features
  - Treatment
- METASTATIC NEOPLASMS TO JAWS
  - Clinical Features
  - Treatment
- OSTEOGENESIS IMPERFECTA
  - Clinical Features
  - Radiographic Features
  - Treatment
- OSTEOPETROSIS
  - Treatment
- PAGET'S DISEASE OF BONE
  - Epidemiology
  - Etiopathogenesis
  - Pathogenesis
  - Clinical Features
  - Radiographic Features
  - Treatment
  - Complication
- GIANT CELL GRANULOMA
  - Clinical Features
  - Radiographic Features
  - Treatment
- GIANT CELL TUMOR (OSTEOCLASTOMA)
  - Clinical Features
  - Radiographic Features
  - Diagnosis and Management
- CLEIDOCRANIAL DYSPLASIA
  - Etiopathogenesis
  - Treatment
- MASSIVE OSTEOLYSIS (VANISHING BONE DISEASE, PHANTOM BONE DISEASE; GORHAM DISEASE, GRAHAM-STOUT SYNDROME)
  - Clinical Features
  - Radiographic Features
  - Treatment
- ANEURYSMAL BONE CYST (ABC)
  - Clinical Features
  - Radiographic Features
  - Treatment
- STAFNE BONE CYST (LINGUAL MANDIBULAR SALIVARY GLAND DEPRESSION, LATENT BONE CYST, STATIC BONE CYST, STATIC BONE DEFECT)
  - Clinical Features
  - Radiographic Features
  - Treatment
- TRAUMATIC BONE CYST (SIMPLE BONE CYST, HEMORRHAGE BONE CYST, SOLITARY BONE CYST, IDIOPATHIC BONE CAVITY, UNICAMERAL BONE CYST)
  - Clinical Features
  - Radiographic Features
  - Treatment
- FOCAL OSTEOPOROTIC BONE MARROW DEFECT
- RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
  - Clinical Features
  - Radiographic Features
  - Laboratory Findings
  - Treatment
  - Variants of Arthritis Affecting Temporomandibular Joint
- SYNOVIAL CHONDROMATOSIS
  - Clinical Features
  - Treatment
- OSTEOARTHRITIS
  - Pathology
  - Osteoarthritis (OA) in Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ)
  - Clinical Features
  - Treatment
- TEMPOROMANDIBULAR DISORDER
- ALDERMAN'S CLASSIFICATION OF TMD
  - Extracapsular
  - Intracapsular
  - Clinical Features
  - Treatment
- ANKYLOSIS OF TMJ
  - Clinical Features
  - Treatment
CHAPTER 17:Disorders of Nervous System
- TRIGEMINAL NEURALGIA
  - Clinical Features
  - Treatment
- BELL'S PALSY
  - Treatment
- GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL NEURALGIA
  - Clinical Features
  - Treatment
- FREY'S SYNDROME (AURICULOTEMPORAL SYNDROME, GUSTATORY SWEATING AND FLUSHING)
  - Clinical Features
  - Treatment
- MIGRAINE
  - Clinical Features
    - Migraine without Aura (Common Migraines)
    - Migraine with Aura (Classic Migraine)
- COMPLICATED MIGRAINE
  - Pathogenesis of Migraine
  - Treatment of Migraine
- CLUSTER HEADACHE (CH)
- ATYPICAL FACIAL PAIN
  - Clinical Features
  - Treatment
- MYASTHENIA GRAVIS
CHAPTER 18:Regressive Alterations Of the Teeth
- AGING OF ORAL TISSUES AND POST-DEVELOPMENTAL LOSS OF TEETH
- AGE CHANGES IN ENAMEL
- AGE CHANGES IN DENTIN
- AGE CHANGES IN PULP
- EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL RESORPTION
  - Clinical Features
  - Treatment
- CEMENTOSIS
- TOOTH WEAR
CHAPTER 19:Biopsy and Exfoliative Cytology
- INTRODUCTION
- LIMITATION
- FINE NEEDLE ASPIRATION CYTOLOGY
- BIOPSY
- LIMITATIONS OF HISTOPATHOLOGY
CHAPTER 20:Diagnostic Pathology
- INTRODUCTION
- IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL (IHC) TECHNIQUES IN DIAGNOSTIC PATHOLOGY
  - Procedure
    - Biotin-Avidin Procedure
  - Immunohistochemical Application in Oral Malignant Tumors (Table 20.1)
- MOLECULAR METHODS IN SURGICAL PATHOLOGY
  - Hybridization Method
CHAPTER 21:Forensic Odontology
- INTRODUCTION
- WHY DENTAL EVIDENCE?
- IMPORTANT TERMS IN MEDICOLEGAL PROCEDURES
- IDENTIFICATION OF DECEASED
- TOOTH AND BITE MARKS ANALYSIS
  - Steps of Analysis
  - Limitations of Tooth and Bite Mark Analysis
- MANAGEMENT OF DENTAL RECORDS AND TESTIMONY PREPARATION
- MULTIPLE APPLICATIONS OF FORENSIC ODONTOLOGY IN OTHER DISCIPLINES
- MISCELLANEOUS
- CONCLUSION
Glossary
Features of Syndromes and Conditions Affecting Oral and Extra Oral Structures
Histological Typing of Oral and Paraoral Lesions
- HISTOLOGICAL TYPING OF SALIVARY GLAND TUMORS
- HISTOLOGICAL TYPING OF ODONTOGENIC TUMORS
Bibliography and Suggested Reading
- CHAPTER 1: PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL INJURIES
- CHAPTER 2: HEALING AND REPAIR
- CHAPTER 3: DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS OF ORAL AND PARAORAL STRUCTURES
- CHAPTER 4: BACTERIAL, VIRAL, MYCOTIC AND PROTOZOAL DISORDERS
- CHAPTER 5: ORAL MANIFESTATIONS OF SYSTEMIC DISORDERS
- CHAPTER 6: ALLERGIC AND IMMUNOLOGIC DISORDERS
- CHAPTER 7: DENTAL CARIES
- CHAPTER 8: PULP AND PERIAPICAL DISORDERS
- CHAPTER 9: SPREAD OF ORAL INFECTIONS
- CHAPTER 10: CYSTS OF ORAL AND PARAORAL STRUCTURES
- CHAPTER 11: NEOPLASMS OF ORAL CAVITY
- CHAPTER 12: DISORDERS OF PERIODONTIUM
- CHAPTER 13: DISORDERS OF SALIVARY GLANDS
- CHAPTER 14: HEMATOLOGICAL DISORDERS
- CHAPTER 15: DERMATOLOGICAL DISORDERS
- CHAPTER 16: DISORDERS OF BONE AND JOINTS OF ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL REGIONS
- CHAPTER 17: DISORDERS OF NERVOUS SYSTEM
- CHAPTER 18: REGRESSIVE ALTERATIONS OF TEETH
- CHAPTER 19: BIOPSY AND EXFOLIATIVE CYTOLOGY
- CHAPTER 20: DIAGNOSTIC PATHOLOGY
- CHAPTER 21: FORENSIC ODONTOLOGY

INDEX

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Index

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Chapter Notes