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A Handbook of Physiotherapy
BK Choudhury, AK Bose
CHAPTER 1:
Electrotherapy
ELECTRIC CURRENT
Electromotive Force (EMF) (E)
Resistance (R)
Magnitude of Current (I)
RELATIONSHIP AMONG MAGNITUDE OF CURRENT FLOW, VOLTAGE AND RESISTANCE
RESISTANCE IN SERIES
RESISTANCE IN PARALLEL
ELECTRICAL POWER
FREQUENCY
TYPES OF CURRENTS
CLASSIFICATION OF CURRENTS
CHAPTER 2:
Low Frequency Currents Used in Physiotherapy
FARADIC TYPE CURRENT
PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF FARADIC CURRENT
Stimulation of Sensory Nerves
Stimulation of Motor Nerves
Effects on Muscle Contraction
Indications for the Use of Faradic Type of Current
Facilitation of Muscle Contraction
Muscle Re-education
Training of a New Muscle Action
Neuropraxia of Motor Nerve
Severed Nerve
Effect on Vascular Supply
Prevention of and Loosening of Adhesion
INTERRUPTED DIRECT CURRENT (GALVANIC CURRENT)
PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF INTERRUPTED DC
Sensory Nerve Stimulation
Motor Nerve Stimulation
INDICATIONS OF INTERRUPTED DC
Technique of Treatment of Interrupted DC
Methods of Application
IONTOPHORESIS
CHAPTER 3:
Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS)
ELECTRODIAGNOSIS AND STRENGTH DURATION CURVE
STRENGTH DURATION CURVE (SD CURVE)
Procedure
Observation
CHAPTER 4:
Interferential Therapy (IFT)
CHAPTER 5:
Thermotherapy
SHORT WAVE DIATHERMY (S.W.D) (Fig. 5.5)
METHODS OF APPLICATION (Arrangement of Electrodes)
Condensor/Capacitor Field Method (Fig. 5.2)
Cable Method
Technique of SWD Application
Testing the Machine
Preparation of Patient
Procedure
Physiological Effects
Temperature
Metabolism
Circulation
On Nerves
Muscle Tissue
Destruction of Tissues
Increased Activity of Sweat Gland
On Blood Pressure
Therapeutic Effects
Effects on Inflammatory Process
Effects on Bacterial Infection
Effect on Traumatic Conditions
Relief of Pain
Effect on Muscle Tissues
Contraindications of SWD
Dangers of SWD
MICROWAVE DIATHERMY
Production
PHYSIOLOGICAL AND THERAPEUTIC EFFECTS
PARAFFIN WAX BATH THERAPY
Bath unit
Treatment
Effects
Contraindication
ELECTRIC HEATING PAD
CHAPTER 6:
Ultrasound Therapy
PHYSICAL CHARACTER OF US THERAPY
Reflection of Ultrasound
Transmission of Ultrasound
Attenuation of Ultrasound
Effects of Ultrasound on Tissues (Physiological)
Thermal Effect
Mechanical Effect (Non-Thermal Effect)
Biological Effect
Therapeutic Uses of Ultrasound
Contraindications
Technique of Application
Direct Method
Water Bath Method
Bag Method
PULSED ULTRASOUND
CHAPTER 7:
Electromagnetic Spectrums and EMG Biofeedback
INTRODUCTION
PRODUCTION
Non-luminous Generators
Luminous Generators
Technique of IRR Application
Therapeutic Uses
Contraindications
GENERATORS
Kromayer Lamp
High Pressure Mercury Vapor Generator
Physiological Effect
Indication or Uses
Contraindication
Dangers of UVR
Production of LASER
Method of Application
Effects of LASER
Indications
Contraindications
Electromyography Biofeedback
Advantages
Disadvantages
CHAPTER 8:
Cryotherapy and Hydrotherapy
CHAPTER 9:
Exercise Therapy
AIMS OF THERAPEUTIC EXERCISE
What is Therapeutic Exercise?
SOME KEY TERMS USED IN EXERCISE THERAPY
TYPES OF THERAPEUTIC EXERCISE
Strengthening Exercises
General Principle of Strengthening Exercises
Types of Contraction
Static Contraction or Isometric Contraction
Dynamic Exercises or Isotonic Contraction
RANGE OF MUSCLE CONTRACTION
PROGRESSIVE RESISTED EXERCISE (PRE)
RELAXATION EXERCISE
General Principle of Relaxation Exercise
Contrast Method or Jacobson's Relaxation
Reciprocal Method or Mitchell's Exercise
Suggestion Method
Other Forms of Relaxation Exercises
Indication of relaxation exercises
COORDINATION EXERCISES
Components
General Principles
FRANKELS' EXERCISE (Fig 9.1)
Principles
Indication
MOBILIZATION EXERCISE
Principle
Indications
Contraindication
ENDURANCE EXERCISE
Endurance Training
BALANCING EXERCISE
GAIT TRAINING
Gait Training
PROPRIOCEPTIVE NEUROMUSCULAR FACILITATION (PNF)
CHAPTER 10:
Massage Therapy
CHAPTER 11:
Manipulation, Suspension and Traction
DANGERS
Physiological Effects
Modes of Traction
Parameters for Traction
Contraindications of Tractions
Cervical Traction
Lumbar Traction
CHAPTER 12:
Orthosis and Braces
ORTHOSIS
Regional Orthosis
Cervical Orthosis (CO)
Thoracolumbar Orthosis (TLO)
Lumbosacral Orthosis (LSO)
Corsets (Belts)
Braces
Upper Limb Orthosis
Therapeutic Shoes
CHAPTER 13:
Mobility Aids
INDEPENDENT MOBILITY AIDS
Parallel Bars
Walking Frames
Rollators
Walking Cane, Sticks, Tripads and Quadripads
Crutches
DEPENDENT MOBILITY AIDS
CHAPTER 14:
Physiotherapy in Some Common Conditions
Bibliography
INDEX
TOC
Index
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