JaypeeDigital | eBook Reader

Applied Neonatology R Arvind

PART I: GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS
1:Introduction
- INTRODUCTION
- NOMENCLATURE
- MEASURES OF OUTCOME
2: Neonatal Unit
- INTRODUCTION
- NEONATAL INTENSIVE CARE UNIT (NICU)
- SPECIAL CARE NEONATAL UNIT (SCNU)
- MOTHER BASED NEONATAL CARE UNIT (MNCU)
- IDEAL ENVIRONMENT OF NEONATAL UNIT
- STAFF
- EQUIPMENTS
- LABORATORY
- DISCHARGE AND DISCHARGE SUMMARIES
- LEVELS OF NEONATAL CARE
3: Neonatal Nursing
- NEONATAL NURSING
- DEVELOPMENTAL CARE
- PAIN MANAGEMENT IN THE NEONATE
- SKIN CARE
  - Developmental Variations in Premature Skin
- SKIN CARE PRACTICES
- VENOUS ACCESS
  - Peripheral Access
  - Central Venous Access
- COLLECTION OF BLOOD SAMPLES
- IATROGENIC COMPLICATIONS
- EQUIPMENT EVALUATION
- MEDICINE ADMINISTRATION
4: Neonatal Transport
- INTRODUCTION
  - Hospital Administrator
  - Medical Director
- TRANSPORT TEAM
- TRANSPORT ENVIRONMENT
- TRANSPORT
- POST TRANSPORT RESPONSIBILITIES
PART II: FETAL CHILD
5:Prenatal Diagnosis
- INTRODUCTION
- PRENATAL DIAGNOSIS IN FIRST TRIMESTER
  - Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS) (Fig. 5.1)
  - Early Amniocentesis (Fig. 5.2)
    - Complications
- PRENATAL DIAGNOSIS IN THE SECOND AND THIRD TRIMESTERS
- PRENATAL CYTOGENETICS
  - Molecular or Biochemical Genetic Studies
- DIRECT MUTATION ANALYSIS
- INDIRECT MUTATION ANALYSIS
  - Linkage
  - Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism
6: Fetal Assessment
- INTRODUCTION
- ULTRASONOGRAPHY
- FETAL SIZE AND GROWTH
- ASSESSMENT OF THE FETAL WELL-BEING
- FETAL SCALP BLOOD SAMPLE
- MATERNAL ALPHA-FETO PROTEIN (AFP)
- AMNIOTIC FLUID ANALYSIS
7: Fetal Therapy
- INTRODUCTION
- SURGICAL THERAPY
  - Percutaneous
- ENDOSCOPIC APPROACH
- OPEN SURGICAL APPROACHES
- MEDICAL THERAPY
- GENETIC THERAPIES
- CONCLUSION
8: Maternal Disorders and Fetal Outcome
- INTRODUCTION
- PREGNANCY INDUCED HYPERTENSION (Table 8.1)
  - Management of Pregnancy Induced Hypertension (Table 8.2)
- POLYHYDRAMNIOS
- OLIGOHYDRAMNIOS
- NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF THE MOTHER
- CHRONIC SYSTEMIC DISORDER
- MISCELLANEOUS DISORDERS
9: The Effect of Maternal Drugs on the Developing Fetus
- INTRODUCTION
- POTENTIAL EMBRYO AND FETOTOXICITY OF SELECTED PRESCRIBED AND SELF-ADMINISTERED DRUGS
10: Fetal Ultrasonography
- ASSESSMENT OF FETAL AGE, GROWTH AND MATURITY
- DETERMINING FETAL AGE
- FETAL ANATOMY
- FETAL ASPHYXIA
  - Fetal Biophysical Profile
  - Doppler Assessment of Blood Velocities in Umbilical and Fetal Vessels
- SUMMARY
PART III: NORMAL NEWBORN
11:Resuscitation of the Newborn
- INTRODUCTION
- PHYSIOLOGY OF THE ONSET OF RESPIRATION
- FIRST BREATH
  - Stimuli for Breathing
- PULMONARY ADAPTATION
- METABOLIC ADAPTATION
  - Pulmonary Ventilation
- PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF ASPHYXIA (Fig. 11.1)
  - Acute Asphyxia
  - Chronic Partial Hypoxia
- CAUSES OF ASPHYXIA
- FETAL HYPOXIA
- HIGH-RISK PREGNANCY
- RESUSCITATION
- DELIVERY
- APGAR SCORING
  - One Minute Apgar
  - Apgar Score Beyond 1 Minute
    - Classification of Asphyxiated Newborn
- MODALITIES OF INTERVENTION
  - No Further Action
  - Suctioning
  - Facial Oxygen
  - Bag and Mask
    - Indications for Bag and Mask (Fig. 11.4)
  - Intubation (Fig. 11.5)
  - External Cardiac Massage
    - Conditions not Responding to Resuscitation Procedure
- USE OF DRUGS
  - Routes of Administration
  - Drugs and Dosages
- MANAGEMENT OF BIRTH ASPHYXIA
- INFANT CARE IN THE FIRST HOUR OF RESUSCITATION
  - Evaluation Circulatory Status
    - Investigations
- CARE OF THE SEVERELY ASPHYXIATED INFANT
  - Correction of Assisted Ventilation to Changes in Pulmonary Function
  - Cardiovascular Effects
  - Hematology
  - Glucose
  - Central Nervous System
  - Renal Failure
  - Gastrointestinal Tract
  - Pulmonary Hemorrhage
    - Criteria of Brain Death
- ASPHYXIA PALLIDA (Table 11.7)
- SUBSEQUENT CARE
- SPECIAL SITUATIONS
  - Meconium Aspiration
  - Low Birth Weight Infant
  - Multiple Births
  - Hydrops
12: Care of the Newborn
- GENERAL CARE OF THE NEWBORN
- NEWBORN SCREENING PROGRAMS
- IMMUNIZATION
  - Supplements
- COMMON NEONATAL PROBLEMS
13: Examination of the Newborn
- INTRODUCTION
- HISTORY TAKING
- GESTATIONAL AGE ASSESSMENT
- GENERAL PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
- REGIONAL PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
- EXAMINATION OF THE CRANIAL NERVES (Table 13.5)
- HIP JOINT EXAMINATION
- REFLEXES
- SKIN OF THE NEWBORN
14: Temperature Control
- INTRODUCTION
- MAINTENANCE OF NORMAL TEMPERATURE
  - Transition in the Delivery Suite
- PHYSIOLOGY OF NEONATAL THERMAL RESPONSE
- ASSESSMENT OF TEMPERATURE OF NEONATE
  - Temperature Control in Very Low Birth Weight Infants
- THERMONEUTRAL ENVIRONMENT
  - Thermoneutral Temperature Ranges
  - Flexible Plastic Blankets
- HYPOTHERMIA AND ITS EFFECTS
- NEONATAL COLD INJURY
- HYPERTHERMIA
15: Nutrition
- INTRODUCTION
- NUTRITIONAL CAPABILITIES OF THE NEWBORN INFANT
- NUTRIENT REQUIREMENTS FOR TERM AND PRETERM INFANTS
- ENERGY SOURCES
- PARENTERAL NUTRITION
- ENTERAL NUTRITION
- HUMAN MILK IN TERM INFANTS
  - Physiology of Breast Feeding
  - Advantages of Breast Milk
    - Anti-infective Agents in Breast Milk
    - Cells and their Actions Found in Breast Milk
- COMMON FEEDING PROBLEMS
- BREAST FEEDING IN SPECIAL SITUATION
  - Separation from Mother
    - Contraindications for Breast Feeding
- INFANT FORMULA IN TERM
- HUMAN MILK IN PRETERM INFANTS
  - Preterm Infant Formula
    - Formula Designed for Preterm Babies
16: Fluid and Electrolyte Management
- INTRODUCTION
- BODY COMPOSITION OF THE FETUS AND NEWBORN INFANT
- NEUROENDOCRINE CONTROL OF FLUID AND ELECTROLYTE BALANCE
- RENAL FUNCTION IN RELATION TO FLUID AND ELECTROLYTE THERAPY
- ESTIMATION OF FLUID AND ELECTROLYTE DEFICITS
- REPLACEMENT OF FLUID AND ELECTROLYTE DEFICITS
  - Monitoring the Effectiveness of Fluid and Electrolyte Therapy
17: High-Risk Infant
- PREMATURITY
- MANAGEMENT OF PREMATURE INFANT
- MAJOR MORBIDITIES OF THE LOW BIRTH WEIGHT INFANT
- SMALL FOR THE GESTATIONAL AGE
- REGULATION OF FETAL GROWTH
- PROBLEMS OF SMALL FOR THE DATE BABIES
- ANTENATAL CARE OF THE INTRAUTERINE GROWTH RESTRICTED FETUS
- CLINICAL EVALUATION AND TREATMENT OF THE SMALL FOR GESTATIONAL AGE INFANT
- POSTMATURITY
  - Management
- LARGE FOR THE GESTATIONAL AGE
  - Management
18: Neonatal Jaundice and Liver Diseases
- INTRODUCTION
- FETAL BILIRUBIN METABOLISM (Fig. 18.1)
- PHYSIOLOGIC MECHANISMS OF NEONATAL JAUNDICE
  - Increased Bilirubin Load on the Liver Cell
  - Bilirubin Production
  - Bilirubin Transport
  - Enterohepatic Circulation
  - Decreased Clearance of Bilirubin from the Plasma
  - Intrahepatic Abnormalities in Biliary Metabolism
  - Unconjugated Hyperbilirubinemia
  - Both Conjugated and Unconjugated Hyperbilirubinemia
  - Conjugated Hyperbilirubinemia
- CAUSES OF JAUNDICE
- PHYSIOLOGICAL HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA
  - Treatment
- JAUNDICE DUE TO BREASTFEEDINGS (Table 18.1)
- NON-PHYSIOLOGICAL HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA
  - Infants with Severe Jaundice
    - Danger Signs in Jaundiced Infants
- EVALUATION OF THE PATHOLOGICAL JAUNDICE (Tables 18.2 and 18.3)
  - Increased Bilirubin Load
  - Hemolytic Disease
  - Extravascular Blood
  - Polycythemia
  - Increased Enterohepatic Circulation
  - Decreased Bilirubin Clearance
  - Other Inborn Errors of Metabolism
    - Causes of Prolonged Indirect Hyperbilirubinemia
  - Steps in Evaluating Neonatal Cholestasis
  - Physical Examination
  - Investigations
- KERNICTERUS
  - Factors Affecting the Binding of Bilirubin to Serum Albumin
  - Blood-Brain Barrier
    - Organs Stained by Bilirubin in Kernicterus
  - Clinical Classification of Kernicterus
  - Extrapyramidal Disturbances
  - Auditory Abnormalities
  - Gaze Abnormalities
  - Dental Dysplasia
  - Magnetic Resonance Imaging
  - Biochemical and Biological Determinants or Bilirubin Encephalopathy
- TREATMENT
  - Mechanisms and Principles
- PHOTOTHERAPY
  - Terminology
  - Light Spectrum
    - Indications for Phototherapy
  - Mechanism of Action in Phototherapy
  - Technique of Phototherapy
  - Side Effects of Phototherapy
  - Phenobarbitone
    - Contraindications of Phototherapy
- EXCHANGE TRANSFUSION
  - Supportive Treatment
- SERUM BILIRUBIN FOR EXCHANGE TRANSFUSION
  - Early Exchange Transfusion
  - Technique
    - Complications of Exchange Transfusion
- ISOIMMUNE HEMOLYTIC DISEASE OF NEWBORN
- RHESUS INCOMPATIBILITY
  - Investigations
  - Cord Blood
  - Fetal Management
  - Neonatal Management
  - Prevention
  - ABO Hemolytic Disease of Newborn
- HYDROPS (Table 18.9)
  - Hydrops Fetalis
    - Diagnosis
- JAUNDICE IN LOW BIRTH WEIGHT INFANTS (Table 18.10)
- CONJUGATED HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA
  - Causes
  - Investigations
- NEONATAL HEPATITIS
- BILE DUCT MALFORMATION
  - Management
    - Medical Management
PART IV: SYSTEMIC DISORDERS
19:Disorders of Respiratory System
- INTRODUCTION
- RESPIRATORY PHYSIOLOGY
- MECHANISM OF RESPIRATION IN NEWBORN
  - Pulmonary Function Tests (Table 19.1)
- CHEMORECEPTOR FUNCTIONS
  - 1. Oxygen Chemosensitivity
  - 2. Carbon Dioxide Chemosensitivity
- MECHANORECEPTOR FUNCTIONS
- DEVELOPMENTAL ANOMALIES
- SURFACTANT SYSTEM
  - Composition of Surfactant
  - Tests for Surfactant
    - Interpretation
  - Test to Estimate the Lung Maturity
  - Surfactant Synthesis and Secretion
  - Phospholipid Synthesis
  - Glucocorticoid Enhancement
  - Other Hormonal Influences
  - Surfactant Recycling
  - The Role of Surfactant in Lung Disease
  - Surfactant Replacement
- EVALUATION OF THE CHILD WITH RESPIRATORY DISTRESS
  - Investigation
- HYALINE MEMBRANE DISEASE
  - Incidence
  - Etiology
    - Risk factors for HMD
    - Factors Which Hasten the Lung Development
  - Clinical Presentation
  - Pathology
  - Pathophysiology
  - Causes of Cyanosis in RDS
    - Causes of Cyanosis in RDS
  - Management of Respiratory Distress Syndrome
    - Parameters to be Monitored in HMD
  - Supportive Treatment
  - Surfactant Replacement Therapy
  - Oxygen Therapy
  - Continuous Positive Airway Pressure
  - Intermittent Positive Pressure Ventilation (IPPV)
    - Indications
  - Initial Ventilator Settings
    - Ventilator Settings
    - Complications of the Respiratory Distress Syndrome
  - Antibiotics
  - Vitamin E
  - Sedation
  - Weaning of IPPV
  - Extubation
    - Causes of Failure of Weaning of IPPV
  - Complications
- MECONIUM ASPIRATION
  - Pathology
  - Pathophysiology (Fig. 19.1)
  - Clinical Presentation
  - Treatment
  - Surfactant Treatment and Other Therapeutic Considerations
  - Prevention
- PERSISTENT PULMONARY HYPERTENSION OF THE NEWBORN
  - Pathophysiology
    - In Utero Circulation
  - Immediate Phase
  - First Phase
  - Final Phase
  - Clinical Presentation
  - Therapy
- PNEUMONIA
  - Transplacental Viral Pneumonias
  - Transplacental Bacterial Pneumonias
  - Pneumonia Acquired in the Perinatal Period
  - Pneumonia Acquired in the Postnatal Period
  - Pathologic Findings
  - Suppurative Pneumonia
  - Interstitial Pneumonitis
  - Group B Streptococcal Pneumonia
- TRANSIENT TACHYPNEA OF THE NEWBORN
  - Treatment
- PULMONARY HEMORRHAGE
  - Clinical Findings
  - Treatment
- AIR LEAK SYNDROME
- PNEUMOTHORAX
  - Pathophysiology
  - Treatment
- PULMONARY INTERSTITIAL EMPHYSEMA (PIE)
- PNEUMOMEDIASTINUM
  - Treatment
- PNEUMOPERICARDIUM
  - Treatment
- UPPER AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION
  - Choanal Atresia
  - Pierre Robin Syndrome
- STRIDOR
  - Intrinsic Obstruction
  - Extrinsic Obstruction
  - Diagnosis
  - Treatment
- BRONCHOPULMONARY DYSPLASIA
  - Pathophysiology
  - Diagnosis
  - Treatment
    - Indications of Steroids
- WILSON-MIKITY SYNDROME
  - Treatment
- APNEA
  - Pathogenesis
  - Types of Apnea
  - Causes of Apnea
  - Treatment
  - General Measures
  - Drugs
  - Persistent Apnea
    - Indications of the Home Monitoring in Preterm Baby with Apnea
  - Periodic Breathing
- EXTRACORPOREAL MEMBRANE OXYGENATION
  - Hematologic Limitations
  - Prior Mechanical Ventilation
  - Cardiopulmonary Disease
  - Risk Assessment and Mortality Criteria
  - Procedure
  - Venoarterial Method
  - Venovenous Method
    - Equipment for Neonatal Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation
  - Patient Management
  - Daily Medical Management
20: Disorders of Cardiovascular System
- INCIDENCE OF CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE
- ETIOLOGY
- FETAL CIRCULATION (Fig. 20.1)
- FETAL ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY
- CIRCULATORY ADJUSTMENTS AT BIRTH (Fig. 20.2)
  - Foramen Ovale
  - Pulmonary Vasculature
  - Prematurity
- DIAGNOSIS AND APPROACH OF SUSPECTED CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE
  - Clinical Examination
  - Normal Blood Pressure in Newborn
  - Physical Examination
  - Cyanosis
  - Chest Radiograph (Fig. 20.3)
  - Electrocardiography
    - Right Ventricular Hypertrophy
    - Left Ventricular Hypertrophy
  - Echocardiography
    - Indications for Fetal Echocardiography
- CYANOTIC CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE
  - Hyperoxia Test
  - Chest X-Ray
  - Diagnosis of CCHD
    - Diagnosis of CCHD
  - Immediate Management
    - Indications of PGE
  - Functional Right to Left Shunt
- D-TRANSPOSITION OF THE GREAT ARTERIES
  - Pathophysiology
  - Clinical Features
  - Treatment
- TETRALOGY OF FALLOT
  - Pathophysiology
  - Clinical Features
  - Treatment
- PULMONARY STENOSIS (Fig. 20.4)
- PULMONARY ARTERY STENOSIS
- PULMONARY ATRESIA WITH INTACT VENTRICULAR SEPTUM
  - Pathophysiology
  - Clinical Features
  - Treatment
- TRICUSPID ATRESIA
  - Clinical Features
  - Treatment
- EBSTEIN'S ANOMALY
- HYPOPLASTIC LEFT HEART SYNDROME
  - Pathophysiology
  - Clinical Features
  - Treatment
- TOTAL ANOMALOUS PULMONARY VEINS
  - Pathophysiology
  - Clinical Features
  - Treatment
- TRUNCUS ARTERIOSUS
  - Pathophysiology
  - Clinical Features
  - Treatment
- SINGLE VENTRICLE
  - Pathophysiology
  - Clinical Features
  - Treatment
- ACYANOTIC CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE
  - Diagnosis of Acyanotic CHD
- COARCTATION OF THE AORTA
  - Pathophysiology (Fig. 20.5)
  - Clinical Features
- VENTRICULAR SEPTAL DEFECT
  - Pathophysiology (Fig. 20.6)
  - Clinical Features
  - Treatment
- ENDOCARDIAL CUSHION DEFECTS
  - Pathophysiology
  - Clinical Features
  - Treatment
- PATENT DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS
  - Pathophysiology (Fig. 20.7)
  - Clinical Features
  - Treatment
- AORTOPULMONARY WINDOW
- ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATIONS
  - Pathophysiology
  - Clinical Features
  - Treatment
- DOUBLE AORTIC ARCH
- CONGESTIVE CARDIAC FAILURE IN NEWBORN
  - Treatment of the Congestive Cardiac Failure
  - Inotropic Agents
- ACYANOTIC ANOMALIES WITH ABNORMAL CARDIAC FUNCTION OR STRUCTURE
  - Cardiomyopathy
  - Dilated Cardiomyopathies
  - Treatment
  - Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathies
- ARRHYTHMIAS
  - Benign Arrhythmias
    - Sinus Bradycardia (Fig. 20.8)
    - Sinus Tachycardia (Fig. 20.9)
  - Atrial Premature Depolarizations
  - Ventricular Premature Depolarizations
  - Tachyarrhythmias
  - Supraventricular Tachycardias (Fig. 20.10)
  - Atrial Flutter and Fibrillation
  - Treatments for Supraventricular Tachycardias
  - Ventricular Tachycardias
  - Complete Heart Block
21: Neonatal Hematology
- ANEMIAS
  - Erythroid Development
  - Normal Hemoglobin Levels
- PHYSIOLOGIC ANEMIA
- ANEMIA OF PREMATURITY
- PROGRESSIVE ANEMIA IN NEWBORN PERIOD
- HEMORRHAGIC DISEASE OF NEWBORN
- HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA
- POLYCYTHEMIA
- BLEEDING DISORDERS
- DISSEMINATED INTRAVASCULAR COAGULATION
  - Management
    - Management of DIC
- THROMBOCYTOPENIA
- TRANSFUSION OF BLOOD AND BLOOD PRODUCTS
  - Erythrocyte Transfusions
- BLOOD PRODUCTS
- TRANSFUSION REACTION
22: Disorders of Renal System
- CLINICAL EVALUATION OF RENAL FUNCTION
- IMAGING OF THE KIDNEY AND THE URINARY TRACT
- FAILURE TO PASS URINE
  - Management
- ACUTE RENAL FAILURE
- RENAL ARTERY THROMBOSIS
- RENAL VENOUS THROMBOSIS
- NEPHROTOXICITY: DRUGS AND TOXINS (Table 22.1)
- HYPERTENSION
- SPECIFIC CONSIDERATIONS
- BACTERIURIA AND URINARY TRACT INFECTION
- CONGENITAL NEPHROTIC SYNDROME
  - Finnish Type
- NEPHROCALCINOSIS
- HEMATURIA
  - Etiology
    - Causes of Hematuria
  - Evaluation
- PROTEINURIA
23: Disorders of Central Nervous System
- NEUROLOGIC EVALUATION OF NEWBORN
- NEONATAL SEIZURES
- PERINATAL ASPHYXIA
- HYPOXIC-ISCHEMIC ENCEPHALOPATHY
  - Clinical Features
- PATHOLOGY (Table 23.2)
- INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGE
- SUBDURAL HEMORRHAGE
- PRIMARY SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE
- INTRACEREBELLAR HEMORRHAGE
- NEUROMUSCULAR DISORDERS
- DISORDERS OF CEREBROSPINAL FLUID
  - Hydrocephalus
    - Treatment of Neonatal Hydrocephalus (Fig. 23.2)
    - Complications of Ventriculoperitoneal Shunting
- NEURAL TUBE DEFECTS
- MANAGEMENT
24: Endocrine Disorders of the Newborn
- DISORDERS OF SEXUAL DIFFERENTIATION
  - Normal Sexual Differentiation
- DISORDERS OF CHROMOSOMAL SEX
  - Turner Syndrome
- DISORDERS OF GONADAL SEX
- DISORDERS OF PHENOTYPIC SEX
  - Female Pseudohermaphroditism
  - Male Pseudohermaphroditism
- EVALUATION OF SEXUAL AMBIGUITY
- DISORDERS OF ANTERIOR PITUITARY
- DIABETES INSIPIDUS (DI)
  - Treatment
    - Etiology of Central Diabetes Insipidus
- ADRENAL INSUFFICIENCY
- CONGENITAL HYPOTHYROIDISM
- CONGENITAL THYROTOXICOSIS
25: Neonatal Metabolic Disorders
- NEONATAL HYPOGLYCEMIA
- DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT
  - Hypoglycemia
  - Treatment of Refractory Hypoglycemia
- CONSEQUENCES
  - Hypoglycemia
- NEONATAL HYPERGLYCEMIA
  - Causes of Hyperglycemia
- DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT
  - Hyperglycemia
- CONSEQUENCES
  - Hyperglycemia
- INFANT OF DIABETIC MOTHER
- DISTURBANCES IN SERUM CALCIUM AND MAGNESIUM
- HYPERCALCEMIA
26: Infections in Newborn
- INTRODUCTION
- SEPSIS NEONATORUM
  - Pathogenesis
  - Clinical Manifestations
  - Streptococcal Disease
  - Coagulase-Positive Staphylococcal Disease
  - Coagulase-Negative Staphylococcal Disease
  - Listeria Monocytogenes Disease
  - Enterococcal Infection
  - Gram-negative Bacterial Infection
  - Anerobic Infections
  - Fungal Infections
  - Laboratory Tests
  - Treatment
  - Immunotherapy
  - Prevention
- MENINGITIS
  - Bacterial Meningitis
  - Etiology
  - Pathology
  - Clinical Manifestations
  - Pathogenesis
  - Laboratory Findings
  - Treatment
  - Prognosis
- ASEPTIC MENINGITIS
  - Symptoms
  - Diagnosis
- OSTEOMYELITIS AND SEPTIC ARTHRITIS
  - Etiology and Pathogenesis
  - Clinical Presentation
  - Laboratory Tests
  - Treatment
- URINARY TRACT INFECTION
  - Etiology
  - Clinical Manifestations
  - Diagnosis
  - Treatment
- NEONATAL OPHTHALMIA
  - Clinical Manifestations
  - Differential Diagnosis
  - Treatment
- DIARRHEAL DISEASE
  - Etiology and Pathogenesis
  - Clinical Manifestations
  - Treatment
- OTITIS MEDIA
- SYPHILIS
  - Clinical Manifestations
  - Laboratory Diagnosis
  - Treatment
- CONGENITAL SYPHILIS
  - Clinical Manifestations
  - Diagnosis
  - Treatment
- TETANUS NEONATORUM
  - Treatment
- CONGENITAL MALARIA
  - Treatment
- TUBERCULOSIS
  - A. Maternal Tuberculosis
  - 1. Active Infection in Mother
  - 2. No active infection in mother
- MATERNAL TOXOPLASMOSIS
  - Epidemiology
  - Clinical Manifestations
  - Diagnostic Tests
  - Serologic Diagnosis of Maternal Infection
  - Diagnosis of Intrauterine Infection
  - Treatment
  - Prevention
- CONGENITAL TOXOPLASMOSIS
  - Clinical Manifestations
  - Diagnosis
  - Treatment
  - Prognosis
- RUBELLA
  - Clinical Manifestations
  - Laboratory Diagnosis
  - Treatment
  - Prevention
- CONGENITAL RUBELLA SYNDROME (CRS)
  - Clinical Manifestations
  - Diagnosis
  - Treatment
- HEPATITIS B
  - Clinical Manifestations
  - Modes of Transmission
  - Perinatal Epidemiology
  - Immunoprophylaxis
  - Prevention of Perinatal Hepatitis B Virus Transmission
- HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS INFECTIONS
  - Maternal Infection
    - Epidemiology
  - Clinical Manifestations
  - Diagnosis
  - Treatment
- CONGENITAL HERPER SIMPLEX VIRUS
  - Clinical Manifestations
  - Diagnosis
  - Treatment
  - Prevention
- CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTION
- CONGENITAL INFECTION
  - Perinatal Infection
  - Prevention
- VARICELLA
  - Maternal Infection (Table 26.1)
  - Transmission to the Fetus
  - Fetal Infection
  - Neonatal Infection
  - Prevention
- HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS TYPE I INFECTION
  - Maternal Infection
  - Mother to Infant Transmission
  - Treatment
  - Fetal and Neonatal Infection
27: Congenital Anomalies
- DEFINITIONS AND CLASSIFICATIONS
- MANAGEMENT STRATEGY
- CHROMOSOMAL ABNORMALITIES
- ABNORMALITIES OF THE SEX CHROMOSOMES
- SINGLE GENE DISORDERS
28: General Surgery
- INTRODUCTION
  - Antenatal Manifestation
  - Postnatal Manifestation
  - CLEFT LIP (Fig. 28.1)
- CLEFT PALATE
- CYSTIC HYGROMA
- DIAPHRAGMATIC HERNIA
- EVENTRATION OF THE DIAPHRAGM
- ESOPHAGEAL ATRESIA WITH TRACHEOESOPHAGEAL FISTULA (Fig. 28.2)
  - Diagnosis
  - Management
  - Immediate Operative Repair
  - Delayed Primary Repair and Surgical Repair
  - Complications
- GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX
- HYPERTROPHIC PYLORIC STENOSIS
- MECONIUM ILEUS
- HIRSCHSPRUNG DISEASE
- NECROTIZING ENTEROCOLITIS
- IMPERFORATE ANUS (Fig. 28.3)
- HERNIA AND HYDROCELE (Figs 28.4)
- UMBILICAL HERNIA
- UMBILICAL GRANULOMA
- OMPHALOCELE (Fig. 28.5)
- GASTROSCHISIS
- RENAL ECTOPIA AND FUSION
- RENAL CYSTIC DISEASE
- ANOMALIES OF THE URETERS AND BLADDER
  - Ureterocele
  - Vesicoureteral Reflux (Fig. 28.9)
  - Exstrophy
  - Posterior Urethral Valves
  - Cryptorchidism
  - Hypospadias (Fig. 28.10)
  - Epispadias (Fig. 28.11)
  - Development of the Prepuce
29: Orthopedics
- PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
- SPINE
  - Scoliosis
- FEET
- HIP
  - Congenital Dislocation of Hip (Fig. 29.3)
- GENERALIZED MUSCULOSKELETAL ANOMALIES
- BIRTH FRACTURES
- OBSTETRIC PALSY
30: Dermatology
- PHYSIOLOGIC AND GENETIC VARIATIONS
- PIGMENTED LESIONS
- DIAPER DERMATITIS
- DEVELOPMENTAL VASCULAR ABNORMALITIES
- ANGIOMATOUS INVOLUTING NEVI OR RAISED LESIONS
- STAPHYLOCOCCAL SCALDED SKIN SYNDROME
- SCALING DISORDERS
- ATOPIC DERMATITIS
- SEBORRHEIC DERMATITIS
31: Eye Disorders
- GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS
  - Amblyopia
- EXAMINATION TECHNIQUES
- CORNEAL OPACITIES
- ANIRIDIA
- CATARACTS
- ACQUIRED DISORDERS
  - Infections
    - Ophthalmia Neonatorum
    - Nasolacrimal Obstructions
- RETINOPATHY OF PREMATURITY
32: Neoplasia
- INTRODUCTION
- CANCER PATHOGENESIS
- TUMORS OF NEUROEPITHELIAL ORIGIN
  - Neuroblastoma
  - Retinoblastoma
- CONGENITAL LEUKEMIA
- WILMS’ TUMOR
  - Treatment
- TERATOMAS
- HISTIOCYTOSES
33: Miscellaneous
- MULTIPLE GESTATIONS
- SUDDEN INFANT DEATH SYNDROME
- Intervention
- BIRTH INJURIES
- NERVE INJURIES
- SPINAL CORD INJURY
- BONE FRACTURES
  - Clavicular Fracture
  - Long Bone Fracture
- INTRA-ABDOMINAL INJURIES
- SOFT TISSUE INJURIES
- HUMAN MILK BANKING
- BABY-FRIENDLY HOSPITALS
- NEONATAL AUTOPSY
- METABOLIC BONE DISEASE OR OSTEOPENIA
34: Drug Dosing Table
Appendices

INDEX

TOC
Index

×

Chapter Notes