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Echocardiography in Congenital Heart Diseases
IB Vijayalakshmi
CHAPTER 1:
Basics and Technical Background
2-D ECHO
NORMAL
DOPPLER ULTRASOUND
CONTINUOUS WAVE (CW) DOPPLER
PULSE DOPPLER
COLOUR FLOW MAPPING
CHAPTER 2:
Normal Heart
CHAPTER 3:
Terms Used to Describe Cardiovascular Segments and Connections
SEGMENT
CONNECTIONS
OVER - RIDING
STRADDLING
CONCORDANT
DISCORDANT
UNIVENTRICULAR HEART
TRANSPOSITION
MALPOSITION
CHAPTER 4:
Segmental Approach to CHD
SITUS OR SIDEDNESS
Solitus or Normal
Inversus or Inverted
Ambiguous
ATRIAL SITUS OR SIDEDNESS
Solitus or Normal
Inversus or Inverted
Ambiguous
CARDIAC ORIENTATION
ATRIAL MORPHOLOGY AND ATRIAL SEGMENT
ATRIAL-VENTRICULAR CONNECTION
INTERNAL CARDIAC CRUX IN CONCORDANT AND DISCORDANT AV CONNECTION
Point to Remember
Points to Remember
IMPORTANCE OF SEGMENTAL APPROACH TO DIAGNOSIS OF RARE COMBINATION OF COMPLEX CONGENITAL ANOMALIES
CHAPTER 5:
Acyanotic Congenital Heart Diseases
ATRIAL SEPTAL DEFECT
Sinus Venosus Defects
Point to Remember
VENTRICULAR SEPTAL DEFECT (VSD)
CORRECTED TRANSPOSITION OF GREAT VESSELS (CTGV)
PATENT DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS (PDA)
AORTOPULMONARY WINDOW (AP- WINDOW)
Rupture of Sinus of Valsalva (RSOV)
CORONARY ARTERIOVENOUS FISTULAS
Point to Remember
AORTIC STENOSIS
CARDIAC AND EXTRACARDIAC MASS
INFILTRATIVE CARDIOMYOPATHY
CHAPTER 6:
Cyanotic Congenital Heart Diseases
TETRALOGY OF FALLOT
TOF with Absent Pulmonary Valve and Absent Left Pulmonary Artery (LPA)
TRUNCUS ARTERIOSUS
TRICUSPID ATRESIA
COMPLETE TRANSPOSITION OF GREAT ARTERIES (D-TGA)
TOTAL ANOMALOUS PULMONARY VENOUS CONNECTION (TAPVC)
AORTIC ATRESIA (HYPOPLASTIC LEFT HEART SYNDROME—HLHS)
AV CANAL DEFECT (ENDOCARDIAL CUSHION DEFECTS)
UNIVENTRICULAR HEART (SINGLE VENTRICLE—SV)
SINGLE ATRIUM (COMMON ATRIUM)
EBSTEIN'S ANOMALY
DOUBLE OUTLET RIGHT VENTRICLE (DORV)
DOUBLE OUTLET LEFT VENTRICLE (DOLV)
Point to Remember
CHAPTER 7:
Rare Congenital Heart Diseases
NON-COMPACTION OF LEFT VENTRICLE OR “SPONGY MYOCARDIUM”
Points to Remember
AORTICO-LEFT VENTRICULAR TUNNEL (ALVT)
Point to Remember
COR-TRIATRIATUM SINISTRA
Cor-triatriatum Dexter
Point to Remember
ANOMALOUS LEFT CORONARY ARTERY FROM PULMONARY ARTERY (ALCAPA)
Point to Remember
CONGENITAL SUBAORTIC OBSTRUCTION
Discrete Subaortic Membrane
Fibromuscular Subaortic Fibromuscular Ridge
Subvalvular Fibromuscular Collar or Tunnel
Case Report
Point to Remember
PRIMARY ENDOMYOCARDIAL FIBROELASTOSIS (EMF)
ISOLATED DOUBLE CHAMBERED RIGHT VENTRICLE (DCRV)
MITRAL ATRESIA AND CONGENITAL MITRAL STENOSIS (CMS)
DOUBLE AORTIC ARCH (DAA)
CARDIAC MALPOSITIONS
Points to Remember
Mesocardia
Points to Remember
CHAPTER 8:
Foetal Echocardiography
INTRODUCTION
INDICATIONS FOR FE
FEATURES OF FE
HOW ACCURATE IS FE?
EQUIPMENT
EXAMINATION TECHNIQUES
FOETAL ARRHYTHMIAS
BRADYARRHYTHMIAS
TACHYARRHYTHMIAS
EXTRACARDIAC ANOMALIES
WHAT TO DO WITH THE INFORMATION GAINED FROM FE?
FUTURE IMPACT OF FE
CONCLUSION
FUTURE
INDEX
TOC
Index
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