Tooth Erosion: Prevention and Treatment Kevin HK Yip, Roger J Smales, John A Kaidonis
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1TOOTH EROSION: Prevention and Treatment2
3TOOTH EROSION: Prevention and Treatment
Editors Kevin HK Yip BDS MEd MMedSc PhD FRACDS MRDRCS FHKAM(Dent Surg) Associate Professor, Family Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR, PR China Roger J Smales BDS MDS(Hons) DDSc FDSRCS FHKAM (Dent Surg) FICD Visiting Research Fellow, Dental School, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Adelaide Adelaide South Australia, Australia Formerly Professor in Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR, PR China John A Kaidonis BDS BScDent PhD Senior Lecturer and Consultant to the Tooth Wear Clinic, Dental School, Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Adelaide Adelaide South Australia, Australia Foreword: Lakshman Samaranayake
4Published by
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Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd
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Tooth Erosion: Prevention and Treatment
© 2006, Kevin HK Yip, Roger J Smales, John A Kaidonis
All rights reserved. No part of this publication should be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means: electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the editors and the publisher.
First Edition: 2006
9788180617515
Typeset at JPBMP typesetting unit
Printed at Gopsons Paper Ltd, Noida
5Contributors 7Foreword
Behavioral and attitudinal changes in modern human civilizations exacerbate and bring forth new diseases. This book is testament to such a disease—acid erosion—affecting human dentitions, particularly due to new lifestyles associated with affluent societies. The authors must be congratulated on succinctly yet comprehensively describing the multifaceted aspects of tooth erosion in this tome, and filling a glaring void in the literature. The etiology and management aspects of tooth erosion, well-explained with relevant case histories, would help general practitioners in particular and broaden the perspectives of both undergraduate and postgraduate students.
I wish this book the success it will deserve and trust it will prove to be an important and a useful addition to every practitioner's book shelf.
Lakshman Samaranayake
bds dds frcpath fhkam(path) fhkam(dent surg) mibiol fhkcpath
Dean, and Chair Professor of Oral Microbiology
Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong
Director, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, Hong Kong
Honorary Professor, Eastman Dental Institute
University College, London8
9Preface
Tooth surface loss from acid erosion, or corrosion, is now recognized as a major cause of tooth wear. Increasingly, advanced erosion from endogenous and exogenous acids is affecting the teeth of even young children. Because many people also are retaining their natural teeth into old age, and are taking multiple medications for various ailments, the effective management of increased tooth wear is becoming a significant problem. Unless halted, erosion may lead to widespread exposure of dentin with resulting unsightly appearance of the teeth, hypersensitivity and reduced masticatory function. The costs of treatment and rehabilitation may then be considerable.
Erosion frequently coexists to varying extents with other tooth wear processes, such as abrasion and attrition, but erosion is often not recognized as being present or is confused with other wear mechanisms. Evidence of erosion and hyposalivation should be investigated carefully in all instances of tooth wear.
The aim of this book is to inform dental practitioners, other health care professionals and students of the causes and treatment of tooth surface loss from erosion. Chapters are presented as a series of extensively-referenced articles, which include information on the importance of the oral environment and lifestyle behaviors in influencing tooth erosion, and practical information on the prevention of tooth erosion and the restoration of lost tooth substance. Some information is repeated briefly for convenience in the chapters on the treatment of different situations involving tooth erosion.
Although there are numerous books available on dental caries, which has a significantly-decreased prevalence now in many countries, there are few succinct texts available on tooth wear, and particularly on tooth erosion. We hope that the present book helps to fill this void.
We are most appreciative of the efforts and enthusiasm of our contributors from several countries and health care disciplines, and of the professional skills of our publisher.
Kevin HK Yip
Roger J Smales
John A Kaidonis
10Acknowledgments
We gratefully acknowledge the industrial sponsorship contribution received from Pfizer Corporation Hong Kong Ltd.
The authors thank the clinical staff from the Family Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, for much-appreciated support and assistance with several of the cases presented. The expert technical assistance provided by Mr Anthony C-K Kam, Dental Technician, and the support of Dr Henry W-K Luk, Tutor, Dental Technology Unit, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, also were much appreciated.
We are greatly indebted to the Publishers and Editors of several dental journals for their permission to reproduce amended original articles in the following chapters:
Chapter 2: Dawes C. What is the critical pH and why does a tooth dissolve in acid? Journal of the Canadian Dental Association 2003; 69: 722-724. (Reproduced by kind permission of the Canadian Dental Association).
Chapter 6: Yip KH-K, Smales RJ, Kaidonis JA. Case report: Management of tooth tissue loss from intrinsic acid erosion. European Journal of Prosthodontics and Restorative Dentistry 2003; 11: 101-106. (Reproduced by kind permission of FDI World Dental Press Ltd).
Chapters 7 and 10: Kevin HK Yip, Roger J Smales, John A Kaidonis. The diagnosis and control of extrinsic acid erosion of tooth substance. General Dentistry 2003; 51: 350-353. Yip HK-K, Smales RJ, Kaidonis JA. Dahl appliances used for the restorative management of localized anterior tooth wear. General Dentistry 2003; 51: 54-57. (Including: FDI World Dental Press Ltd, Figure 10.23). (Reprint 2005 with kind permission granted by the Academy of General Dentistry, www.agd.org).
Chapter 8: Yip HK-K, Smales RJ, Kaidonis JA. Differential wear of tooth and restorative materials: Clinical implications. The International Journal of Prosthodontics 2004; 17: 350-356. (Including: FDI World Dental Press Ltd, Figure 8.1; Academy of General Dentistry, Figure 8.2). (Reprint 2005 with kind permission from Quintessence Publishing Co., Inc.).
Chapter 9: Yip HK-K, Smales RJ, Kaidonis JA. Clinical and technical aspects of occlusal reconstruction in oral rehabilitation. Journal of the Pakistan Dental Association 2004; 13: 25-31. (Reproduced by kind permission of the Pakistan Dental Association).
We appreciate permission from the authors for the reproduction of the following illustrations and table.
Knowledge Books and Software Inc.: Figures 1.3, 1.7; and 2.7A, 2.7B. (Reproduced with the kind permission of JA Kaidonis, LC Richards, GC Townsend; and H Ngo, S Gaffney, respectively. From: Mount GC, Hume WR. Preservation and Restoration of Tooth Structure, 2nd Edition. Brisbane: Knowledge Books and Software, 2005).
Journal of the Australian Dental Association: Figures 1.12, 1.13, Table 1.1. From: Richards LC, Kaidonis JA, Townsend GC. A model for the prediction of tooth wear in individuals. Australian Dental Journal 2003; 48: 259-262. (Reproduced with kind permission from the Australian Dental Journal).
Dr DTS Fang: Figures 10.8, 10.9, 10.10.
Dr JM McIntyre AM: Figure 3.1.
Associate Professor HC Ngo: Figure 2.3.