Jaypee Brothers
In Current Chapter
In All Chapters
X
Clear
X
GO
Normal
Sepia
Dark
Default Style
Font Style 1
Font Style 2
Font Style 3
Less
Normal
More
Review of Fixed Partial Dentures
M Lovely
Essays
DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT PLANNING
I. CHIEF COMPLAINTS
Comfort
Pain
Swelling
Function
Social
Appearance
II. HISTORY
Medical History
Drug History
Dental History
Periodontal History
Restorative History
Endodontic History
Orthodontic History
Removable Prosthodontic History
Oral Surgical History
Radiographic History
TMJ Dysfunction History
III. EXAMINATION
a. General Examination
b. Temporomandibular Joint Examination
c. Extraoral Examination
d. Intraoral Examination
Periodontal Examination
Examination of Teeth
e. Occlusal Examination
General Alignment
Lateral and Protrusive Contacts
Centric Relation
Jaw Manoeuverability
f. Abutment Tooth Evaluation
Evaluation of Abutment Teeth
IV. DIAGNOSTIC CASTS
V. RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION
Periapical Radiographs
Bitewings
Panoramic Films
DESIGN AND MATERIAL CHOICE
Choice of Restoration
2. List the ideal requirements of an abutment tooth and describe the steps taken to maintain biological integrity while preparing teeth for Fixed Partial Denture.
FACTORS TO BE CONSIDERED IN ABUTMENT SELECTION
Crown-root Ratio
Root Configuration
Root Shape and Angulation
Periodontal Surface Area
Root Surface Area
Bone Support
The Length of the Pontic Span
Forces
Oral Hygiene
A. BIOLOGIC CONSIDERATIONS
1. Prevention of Damage during Tooth Preparation to
a. Adjacent Teeth
b. Soft Tissues
c. Pulp
2. Conservation of Tooth Structure
Failures due to Improper Preparation of Tooth
3. Margin Placement
Supragingival Margins
Subgingival Margins
4. Finish Lines
Types
5. Occlusal Considerations
B. MECHANICAL CONSIDERATIONS
1. Providing Retention Form
Factors affecting Retention
2. Providing Resistance Form
3. Preventing Deformation of the Restoration
i. Alloys
ii. Adequate Tooth Reduction
iii. Margin Design
C. AESTHETIC CONSIDERATIONS
Partial-coverage Restorations
Proximal Margin
Facial Margin
Metal-ceramic Restorations
Facial Tooth Reduction
Labial Margin Placement
3. Describe various methods used for gingival retraction and add a note on the advantages of fluid control and tissue displacement.
Definition
ADVANTAGES OF FLUID CONTROL AND TISSUE MANAGEMENT
ADVANTAGES OF GINGIVAL RETRACTION
1. MECHANICAL METHODS
a. Rubber Dam
b. Cotton Rolls
c. High Vacuum
d. Saliva Ejector
e. Svedopter/Speejector
f. Vac-ejector
g. Moisture Absorbing Cords
h. Oversized Copper Bands
2. CHEMICAL METHODS
3. MECHANICAL-CHEMICAL METHODS
Method of Gingival Retraction
Double Cord Technique
4. SURGICAL TISSUE DILATION
Electrosurgery/Surgical Diathermy
Types of Electrode
Types of Current
Rotary Curettage/Gingettage
4. Describe the methods used to classify fixed bridges. Add a note on types of retainers used in Fixed Partial Dentures.
CLASSIFICATIONS OF FIXED BRIDGES
1. Classification depending on Edentulous Spaces
Divisions
Sub-divisions
Groupings
2. Classification based on Type of Connector
3. Classification based on Type of Abutments
4. Classification based on Materials Used
5. Classification based on Temporary and Permanent Nature of Bridges
Temporary
Permanent
6. Classification based on Span Length
TYPES OF RETAINERS
A. Complete Crowns
1. All Metal Fixed Partial Dentures
2. All Ceramic Fixed Partial Dentures
Types of Ceramics
3. Metal-Ceramic Fixed Partial Dentures
4. Acrylic Fused to Metal
5. Fibre reinforced Composite Resin Bridges
B. Partial Crowns
Posterior Tooth
Anterior Tooth
5. Define and classify retainers. List the advantages and disadvantages of partial veneer crown over other types of retainers. What are the factors that come into play in the selection of retainers?
CLASSIFICATION OF RETAINERS FOR FIXED PARTIAL DENTURE
Class I—Extracoronal Restorations
A. Complete Crowns
B. Partial Veneer Crowns
Class II—Intracoronal Restorations
Class III—Radicular Retainers
TYPES OF PARTIAL VENEER
Three-quarter Crowns
Advantages
Reverse Three-quarter Crown
Seven-eighths Partial Veneer Crown
Mesial Half Crown
SELECTION OF TYPES OF RETAINERS
Ideal Retainers
6. Define retention and resistance form in fixed partial denture. What are the factors affecting retention and resistance in posterior tooth preparation?
DEFINITIONS
Retention
Resistance
FACTORS AFFECTING RETENTION
1. Magnitude of the dislodging forces
2. Geometry of the tooth preparation
a. Taper
b. Surface Area
c. Stress Concentration
d. Type of Preparation
3. Roughness of the Surfaces
4. Materials being Cemented
5. Type of Luting Agent
FACTORS AFFECTING RESISTANCE FORM
1. Magnitude and Direction of the Dislodging Forces
2. Geometry of the Tooth Preparation
3. Physical Properties of the Luting Agent
a. Compressive Strength
b. Modulus of Elasticity
7. Classify finish lines. Enumerate the functions, indications, advantages and disadvantages of finish lines. Add a note on selection of type of finish line to be used.
Definition
CLASSIFICATION OF GINGIVAL FINISH LINES
Basic Types
Variations
FUNCTIONS OF FINISH LINES
Ideal Finish Line
FEATHEREDGE/CHISELEDGE FINISH LINE (FIGS 4 AND 5)
Definition
CHAMFER FINISH LINE (FIG. 6)
Definition
Variations
Hybrid
Ski-sloped
Rounded Shoulder
Heavy Chamfer
McEwen's Chamferette
SHOULDER FINISH LINE (FIG. 7)
Definition
Variations
Full Shoulder with Bevel (Fig. 8)
Full Shoulder with Bevel and Facial Butt Joint
Radial Shoulder
Complete Shoulders
Bevelled Shoulders
Chamfer Margin
Knife-edge Finish Lines
PRINCIPLES IN DETERMINING TYPE OF FINISH LINES
a. Type of restorative materials
Gold Alloys
Base Metal Alloys
Porcelain
b. Location of Finish Lines
Supragingival
c. Configuration
d. Marginal Fit
8. Illustrate with diagrams, the tooth preparation on right upper central incisor for receiving porcelain jacket crown. Add a note on the advantages, indications and contraindications of all-porcelain jacket crown.
1. Placing of Depth Orientation Grooves (Fig. 9)
2. Incisal reduction (Fig. 10)
3. Facial Reduction
4. Lingual reduction (Fig. 13)
5. Axial Reduction
6. Lingual Axial Reduction (Fig. 14)
7. Marginal Development and Refinement
Variation in Margin Preparation
ALL-CERAMIC CROWNS
9. Define a crown and mention the advantages, disadvantages and indications of a full metal crown. Describe in detail, with diagrams, the step-by-step procedure in the preparation of a full metal crown on a mandibular first molar.
Definition
FULL METAL CROWNS
PREPARATION OF A FULL METAL CROWN ON A MANDIBULAR FIRST MOLAR
Steps in Full Metal Crown Preparation
a. Placement of Occlusal Guiding Grooves
b. Occlusal Reduction (Fig. 15)
c. Placement of functional cusp bevel (Fig. 16)
d. Placement of Axial Alignment Grooves
e. Axial Reduction (Fig. 18)
f. Margin Placement
g. Finishing the Preparation (Fig. 19)
10. Describe in detail, with diagrams, the step-by-step preparation of a maxillary canine to receive a three quarter crown. Explain and justify different impression techniques for fixed partial denture.
Definition
PREPARATION STEPS OF PARTIAL VENEER CROWNS
1. Incisal Reduction
2. Lingual Reduction (Fig. 20)
3. Interproximal Reduction (Fig. 21)
4. Proximal Grooves (Fig. 22)
5. Incisal Groove (Fig. 23)
6. Facial Bevel (Fig. 23)
7. Finishing the Preparation
8. Cingulum Modification if needed for Additional Retention
DIFFERENT IMPRESSION TECHNIQUES
1. Stock Tray/Putty Wash
Single Mix Technique
Double Mix Technique (PVS PS CS)
2. Custom Tray: PVS PE PS, CS
Technique
Fabrication of Tray
Making Final Impression
3. Closed Bite Double Arch Method
Minimum conditions
Procedure
4. Copper Band
11. Name the component parts of a bridge. Define and classify pontics. Add a note on selection of pontic design in anterior and posterior teeth. What are the requirements of a pontic?
PARTS OF A BRIDGE
DEFINITION OF PONTIC
CLASSIFICATION OF PONTICS
1. According to the shape of the surface contacting the ridge
2. According to the material used in construction of pontic
3. According to the type of fabrication
4. According to mucosal-contacting or nonmucosal-contacting
REQUIREMENTS OF A PONTIC
PONTIC DESIGN
Saddle/Ridge Lap Design (Fig. 24)
Definition
Modified Ridge Lap (Fig. 25)
Hygienic Pontic (Fig. 26)
Modified Sanitary Pontic (Fig. 27)
Spheroidal/Egg-shaped/Bullet-shaped Pontic
Modified Spheroidal Pontic (Fig. 28)
Conical Pontic (Fig. 29)
Ovate Pontic (Fig. 30)
Prefabricated Pontics
Trupontic
Interchangeable Facing (Fig. 31)
January Pontic
Harmony Facing (Fig. 32)
Modified Pin Facing (Fig. 33)
Harmony Reverse Pin Facing (Fig. 34)
PONTIC SELECTION
Factors Determining Pontic Selection
1. Type of Retainers
2. Aesthetics
3. Occlusogingival Height and Mesiodistal Width
4. Ridge Resorption and Contour
12. What are the biological, mechanical and aesthetic considerations in designing a pontic? Add a note on fabrication of pontics.
PONTIC DESIGN
Prerequisites
BIOLOGIC CONSIDERATIONS
Factors affecting Biologic Considerations
1. Pontic Ridge Contact
2. Dental Plaque
3. Occlusal Forces
4. Pontic Surfaces
MECHANICAL CONSIDERATIONS
Factors influencing Mechanical Aspects
AESTHETIC CONSIDERATIONS
Factors affecting Aesthetics
PONTIC FABRICATION
1. Metal-ceramic Pontics
a. Wax Pattern Formation
b. Cut Back Design
c. Investing and Casting
d. Metal Preparation
e. Application of Porcelain Veneer
2. Resin-Veneered Pontics
3. All-metal Pontics
4. Unidirectional Reinforced Composite
13. Describe different types of provisional restorations. Describe various techniques used for making provisional restoration for anterior and posterior tooth preparation.
TYPES OF PROVISIONAL RESTORATIONS
a. Cast Metal Treatment Restorations
b. Aluminum Shell Crowns (Aluminum and tin-silver)
c. Preformed Metal Crowns
d. Cellulose Acetate Crown Forms
e. Prefabricated Polycarbonate Crowns
f. Heat-Polymerised Resins
TECHNIQUES IN FABRICATION OF PROVISIONAL RESTORATIONS
1. Autopolymerizing Resin-alginate Impression Technique
Direct Technique
2. Vacuum-formed Plastic Template Technique
3. Post-crown Technique
Indirect-Direct Procedure
14. Describe various luting agents used in crown and bridge cementing. Explain the procedure and care to be taken to lute porcelain jacket crowns.
VARIOUS LUTING AGENTS
a. Zinc Phosphate Cement
b. Zinc Polycarboxylate Cement
c. Glass Ionomer Cement
To reduce belated Sensitivity
d. Zinc Oxide-eugenol with and without EBA (Ortho ethoxybenzoic Acid)
Zinc Oxide-Eugenol
EBA Cement
e. Silico-phosphate Cement
f. Unfilled Resins
Other Cements
PROCEDURE TO LUTE PORCELAIN JACKET CROWNS
15. Classify adhesive bridges/resin bonded bridges. Cite the advantages, disadvantages, indications, contraindications and preparation steps. Add a note on types of bonding to metal and tooth.
DEFINITION
CLASSIFICATION
Advantages
Disadvantages
Indications
Contraindications
a. Rochette Bridge (1973) (Fig. 35)
b. Maryland Bridge (Fig. 36)
c. Virginia Bridges
d. Cast Mesh Fixed Partial Denture (Fig. 37)
STEPS IN THE FABRICATION/PREPARATION OF A RESIN BONDED FIXED PARTIAL DENTURE
Preparation of Abutment Teeth
TYPES OF BONDING TO PROVIDE RETENTION
A. Mechanical Bonding
1. Macroscopic Retention
2. Microscopic Retention
B. Chemical Bonding
16. What are the requirements of dies? Describe materials used in preparation of dies and different techniques used for preparing dies?
REQUIREMENTS OF DIES
MATERIALS USED IN DIE PREPARATION
1. Gypsum
2. Epoxy Resin
3. Electroplated die
METHODS OF DIE PREPARATION
1. Working Cast with Separate Die
Impression
Pouring Dental Stone for Full Arch Impression
Pouring Dental Stone for Sectional Impression
Die Preparation
2. Divestment Technique
3. Working Cast with a Removable Dies
a. Dowel Pin Technique
b. Curved Dowel Pin
c. Di-Lok Tray
d. Pindex System
17. Classify ceramics. Enumerate its advantages and disadvantages. Explain the mechanism of bonding and describe the laboratory steps involved in fabrication of different ceramics.
CLASSIFICATION
1. Depending on Use
2. Depending on Fusion Temperature
High fusing
Medium fusing
Low-fusing
Ultra-low fusing
3. Based on Application
Core Porcelain
Dentine or Body Porcelain
4. All Ceramic Restorations
Types
ADVANTAGES
DISADVANTAGES
ENAMEL-METAL BOND
1. Mechanical Bond
2. Compressive Stresses
3. Chemical Bond
FABRICATION OF A CERAMIC RESTORATION
a. Condensation
Dense condensation provides
b. Firing
c. Glazing
Application of over glaze/self glaze
d. Cooling
OTHER TYPES OF PORCELAIN FABRICATIONS
a. Cast Coping
b. Bonded Platinum Foil Coping
c. Swaged Gold Alloy Foil Coping
ALL CERAMIC MATERIALS
1. Conventional powder-slurry ceramics
Duceram LFC
2. Castable Ceramic Systems
a. Picon
b. Dicor Plus
3. Machinable ceramics
Cerec Vitablocs Mark I
Cerec Vitablocs Mark II
Dicor MGC
Celay
4. Pressable ceramics
IPS Empress
Optec Pressable Ceramic
5. Infiltrated ceramics
In-Ceram
RECENT ADVANCES IN METAL-CERAMICS
18. What are the types of veneering materials? Describe their advantages, disadvantages and indications. Add a note on the recent advances in veneering materials used in fixed partial denture.
TYPES OF VENEERING MATERIALS
COMPARISON OF VENEER SYSTEMS
Direct Composite Veneers
Indirect Resin Veneers
Porcelain Veneers
PORCELAIN LAMINATES
Resin Veneer Direct Technique
Resin Veneer Indirect Technique
Indirect Composite Veneers
RECENT ADVANCES IN VENEERING MATERIALS
Reinforced Composites
1. Encore Bridge
2. Targis/Vectris
3. Variolink II System
Short Notes
IMPORTANT DIAGNOSTIC AIDS
A. Diagnostic Casts
B. Radiographic Examination
Periapical Radiographs
Bitewings
Panoramic Films
2. Importance of diagnostic casts.
IMPORTANCE OF DIAGNOSTIC CASTS
3. Advantages, disadvantages, indications and contraindications of Fixed Partial Dentures.
ADVANTAGES
DISADVANTAGES
INDICATIONS FOR FIXED BRIDGES
CONTRAINDICATIONS
4. Importance of radiologic examination in crown and bridge prosthesis.
TYPES OF RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATIONS
Periapical radiographs
Bitewings
Panoramic films
5. Questionable abutments.
Selection of Questionable Abutments
Assessment of Abutment Teeth
a. Periodontally Weak Tooth
b. Abutment Tooth Requiring Endodontic Treatment
c. Abutments with Large Restorations
d. Abutments that are Malaligned, Tilted or Mesially Drifted Tooth
e. Abutments that cannot Withstand Forces of a Long Edentulous Span
f. Abutments that are grossly Attrited due to Para-functional Habits
g. Abutments with Reduced Bone Support
6. Mouth Preparation in Fixed Partial Denture.
MOUTH PREPARATION ORDER OF PROCEDURES
Surgical Procedures
Endodontic Procedures
Periodontal Procedures
Orthodontic Treatment
Definitive Occlusal Treatment
Prosthetic rehabilitation and Follow-up
7. Requirements of a crown.
Definition
REQUIREMENTS OF A CROWN
8. Double Arch impression technique.
Requirements
Advantages
Disadvantages
Impression procedure
Loading Light Body Material
Loading the Mixed Material
Cord Removal
Impression Method
Tray Removal
Pour Die
Articulation
9. Double mix technique (PVS PS CS).
Impression Technique
Relieving the Tray
Manipulation of Light Body Material
Loading the Impression Material
Tray Insertion
Final Impression
Evaluate Set Impression
Making Working Cast
10. Materials for gingival retraction.
CLASSIFICATION
a. Mechanical Methods
1. Rubber Dam
2. Cotton Rolls
3. High Vacuum
4. Saliva Ejector
5. Svedopter/Speejector
6. Vac-Ejector
7. Moisture Absorbing Cords
8. Oversized Copper Bands
b. Chemical Methods
c. Mechanical Chemical Methods
Chemicals that were used
d. Surgical Tissue Dilation
a. Electrosurgery
b. Rotary curettage
11. Merits and demerits of anterior partial veneer crowns.
MERITS OF PARTIAL VENEER CROWNS OVER COMPLETE CROWNS
DEMERITS
12. Types of finish lines.
Definition
TYPES OF GINGIVAL FINISH LINES
A. FEATHEREDGE/CHISEL EDGE
Definition
B. CHAMFER FINISH LINE
Definition
Instrument Used
C. SHOULDER FINISH LINE
Definition
Instrument Used
13. Ante's law and its significance*
Definition
Factors that result in Modifications to Ante's Law
1. Root proximities
2. Common Path of Insertion
3. Span Length
4. Root Shape and Angulation
5. Bone Support
6. Occlusal Scheme
7. Oral Hygiene
14. Types of Shoulder preparation
SHOULDER FINISH LINE
Definition
Types of Shoulder Preparation
1. Full Shoulder with Bevel
2. Full Shoulder with Bevel and Facial Butt Joint
3. Radial Shoulder
4. Complete Shoulders
5. Bevelled Shoulders
15. Rigid connectors
CONNECTORS
Definition
Classification
Rigid Connectors
Techniques of fabricating rigid connectors
Design of Connector
16. Soldering.
Definition
Types
Requirements of Solder
Soldering Techniques
Torch Soldering
Soldering in Fixed Partial Denture
Pre-ceramic Soldering
Post-ceramic Soldering
Soldering Steps in Fixed Partial Denture
Preparation of Connector
Occlusal Index
Investing
Wax Removal and Preheating
17. Cast core jacket crown.
Classification of Radicular Retainers/Endodontically Restored Tooth
I. Single Rooted Teeth to be Restored Require Dowels
II. Restoration without Dowels for Multi-rooted Teeth Only
III. Cast Dowels
IV. Preformed Dowels
For Single-rooted Teeth
Techniques
A. DIRECT TECHNIQUES
B. INDIRECT TECHNIQUE
For Multi-rooted Teeth
First Technique
Second Technique
Third Technique
Prefabricated Dowels
18. Richmond crown.
Parts of Richmond crown
Facing
Coping
Steps in Preparation
1. Preparation of Tooth
2. Measuring the Face of Root
3. Construction of Cap
19. Davis crown
Methods to Adapt the Crown
Preparation Method
Steps in Preparation
Laboratory Steps
20. Axio-proximal grooves.
Preparations Requiring Axio-proximal Grooves
Steps in Preparation
Axio-proximal Groove Placement
Placement of Second Groove
Rules to Follow
21. Pier abutment.
Definition
Ideal Design for Pier Abutment
Design of non-rigid connector
Examples of Pier Abutment Design
22. Causes of abutment failure.
FAILURES AT DIFFERENT STAGES
a. Case Selection
b. Mouth Preparation
i. Soft Tissue Preparation
ii. Hard Tissue Preparation
c. Tooth Preparation
d. Inaccurate Impression
e. Temporary Restorations
f. Errors in Wax Pattern and Laboratory Procedures
g. During Insertion
h. Post-insertion Failures
23. Mesial half crown.
Definition
Preparation
Steps in Preparation
24. Cantilever fixed partial denture.
Definition
Modifications
Spring Cantilever
25. Pontics.
Definition
CLASSIFICATION OF PONTICS
a. According to the Shape of the Surface Contacting the Ridge
b. According to the Material used in Construction of Pontic
c. According to the Type of Fabrication
Prefabricated
d. According to Mucosal Contacting or Non-mucosal Contacting
Mucosal Contacting
Non-mucosal Contacting
PONTIC DESIGN
Saddle/Ridge Lap Design
Modified Ridge Lap
Hygienic Pontic
Modified Sanitary Pontic
Conical Pontic
Ovate pontic
Prefabricated Pontics
26. Advantages and disadvantages of hygienic pontics and modified hygienic pontics.
HYGIENIC PONTIC /FISH BELLY DESIGN
TYPES OF MODIFIED HYGIENIC PONTIC
Bar sanitary
Perel Pontic
27. Retention in Fixed Partial Denture.
Definitions
FACTORS AFFECTING RETENTION
a. Magnitude of the Dislodging Forces
Factors influencing dislodging forces
b. Geometry of the Tooth Preparation
Factors Influencing Geometry of Tooth Preparation
c. Roughness of the Surfaces
d. Materials being Cemented
e. Type of Luting Agent
28. Temporary protection of prepared tooth.
CLASSIFICATION
Based on External Surface Form (ESF)
Types of Provisional Restorations
Cast Metal Treatment Restorations
Aluminum Shell Crowns
Preformed Metal Crowns
Cellulose Acetate Crown Forms
Prefabricated Polycarbonate Crowns
Heat-polymerised Resins
29. Articulators.
Fully Adjustable Articulators
Semi-adjustable Articulators
CLASSIFICATION
Mechanical Adjustments
Preformed Fossae
Custom Created
Hanau 166–1 Radial Shift
Panadent
TMJ Stereographic
Stuart Gnathologic Computer
Denar D5A modification of D4A
30. Fixed removable prosthodontics.
FIXED REMOVABLE PARTIAL DENTURES
Types
Parts
Steps in locating the Placement of Each Component
Positioning of Retentive Pins
Fabrication of the Substructure Bar
Fabrication of Suprastructure
31. Dental laboratory form.
Definition
32. Die materials and different dies.
MATERIALS USED
1. Gypsum
2. Epoxy Resin
3. Electroplated Die
33. Spruing.
Definition
Rules for Spruing
34. Flux and antiflux.
FLUX
Definition
Significance of Flux
ANTIFLUX
Definition
Significance
35. All ceramic restoration.
Definition
CLASSIFICATION OF ALL CERAMIC SYSTEMS
Conventional Powder-slurry Ceramics
Castable Ceramic Systems
Picon
Dicor Plus
Machinable Ceramics
Cerec vitablocs Mark I
Cerec vitablocs Mark II
Dicor MGC
Celay
Pressable Ceramics
Optec Pressable Ceramic
Advantages of IPS and OPC
Infiltrated Ceramics
In-Ceram
36. Resin bonded bridges.
Definition
CLASSIFICATION
Advantages
Disadvantages
Rochette Bridge (1973)
Maryland Bridges
Cast Mesh Fixed Partial Denture
Virginia Bridges
37. Removable dies for Fixed Partial Denture.
WORKING CAST WITH A REMOVABLE DIES ARE
a. Dowel Pin Technique
Types
Pouring the Impression
Removing Bobby Pins and Straight Pins
Removing Cast
Mounting the Casts
b. Curved Dowel Pin
Pins Placed
Pouring of Dental Stone
Removal of Positional Pins
Sawing the Cast
Preparing Working Cast
c. Di-Lok Tray
Pouring the Impression
Placing the Cast in the Tray
Removing Cast from Tray
Preparation of Removable Die
d. Pindex System
Preparing the Master Cast
Pin Placement
The Secondary Base
Removable Dies
38. Alloys used in fixed partial denture.
TYPES OF ALLOYS
A. Precious Metal Alloys
1. Gold Based Alloys
2. Palladium-based Alloys
B. Non-precious Metal Alloys
1. Nickel-Chromium Alloys
2. Cobalt-Chromium Alloys
3. Cobalt-chromium-nickel Alloys
39. Non-rigid connectors/stress breakers in fixed partial denture.
40. Wax patterns.
Methods of Fabricating Wax Pattern
a. Direct Technique
b. Indirect technique
Types of wax used
STEPS IN WAX PATTERN FABRICATION
A. Coping Fabrication
B. Axial Contours
C. Occlusal Morphology
1. Cusp Fossa
2. Cusp Marginal Ridge
41. Functionally generated pathways (Meyer).
42. Interocclusal records.
TYPE OF RELATIONSHIPS IN PARTIAL DENTURE
1. Centric registrations (interocclusal records)
Centric Occlusion
Centric Relation
2. Eccentric registrations (interocclusal records)
Lateral Relation
Protrusive Relation
43. Lug seat.
44. Die spacer.
Significance of Die Spacer
Methods for Die Spacing
1. Application of Die Spacer with Brush
2. Electrochemical Milling (stripping)
Names of Commercially Available Die Spacers
Factors Affecting the Die Space
Increase in Die Space
Reduced Die Space
45. Recall and maintenance.
Review History and General Examination
Root Caries
Periodontal Disease
Occlusal Dysfunction
Pulp and Periapical Health
Emergency Appointment
46. Treating tilted molars
a. Uprighting First Molars by a Fixed Appliance
b. Telescopic Crown
Non-rigid Connector
d. Mesial Half Crown
Preparation of mesial half crown
47. Telescopic crown
Definition
Objectives
48. Finishing and Polishing
Definition
Objectives
Internal Margin
Internal Surface
The Sprue
Proximal Contacts
Occlusal Surface
Axial Walls
External Margins
Abrasives used for Polishing and Finishing
Equipment for Gold Finishing and Polishing
49. Use of reservoir during casting procedure.
Uses of Reservoir
Factors Affecting the Efficiency of Reservoir
Significance
50. Pickling.
51. Defects in casting.
A. Distortion
Factors causing Distortion
B. Surface Roughness and Irregularities
C. Porosities
Internal
External
D. Incomplete casting.
52. Myofascial pain dysfunction syndrome.
53. Implant supported fixed partial denture.
Definition
Classification of implants
Mechanism of Integration
Osseo-integration - (Ingvar Branemark).
Fibro-osseous attachment (Weiss).
Bio-integration
Periosteal Integration
Parts of an Implant
Types of connections
1. Split external hex
2. Internal hex/Internal octagon (Corevent)
3. Morse taper
54. Full mouth rehabilitation.
Treatment program
Treatment objectives
1. To Create Occlusal Contact by
2. To Substitute an Occlusal Contact
3. To Splint Unopposed Teeth
Factors to be analysed in full mouth rehabilitation
Pankey-Mann-Schuyler technique for full mouth rehabilitation
Order of rehabilitation
55. Extracoronal retainer in fixed partial denture.
Extracoronal restorations
1. Complete crowns
2. Partial crowns
3. Laminates
4. Resin bonded
56. Laboratory procedures in fixed partial denture.
STEPS IN LAB PROCEDURES
A. Working Cast and Dies
Pindex System
B. Fabrication of Wax Patterns
Cusp Marginal Ridge
C. Pontic Placement
D. Spruing
Sprue Placement
Sprue Attachment
E. Investing
F. Burn Out
G. Casting
H. Recovery of Casting
I. Finishing of Metal
Other Procedures
Veneer application (Acrylic or porcelain)
57. Tenso-frictional Resistance.
Definition
INDEX
TOC
Index
×
Chapter Notes
Save
Clear