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Textbook of Sports Medicine
Laila Das
SECTION 1: SPORTS AND EXERCISES
CHAPTER 1:
Introduction and History
CHAPTER 2:
Team Approach in Sports Medical Treatment
CHAPTER 3:
Role of Sports to Improve the Health of the Population
LIFE TIME FITNESS
CAUSES AND RISK FACTORS OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES
Causes of Heart Attack
Risk Factors Associated with Heart Attack
Age
Heredity
Obesity
Cigarette Smoking
Exercise
Blood Cholesterol Levels
Blood Pressure (Hypertensive)
Sex
Stress
The Three Big Risk Factors
Heredity
Tobacco Smoking
Exercise
Cholesterol or Saturated Fat Intake Level
Blood Pressure
Sex
Causes of Stroke and Hypertensive Diseases
DEFINITIONS AND COMPONENTS OF FITNESS
Physiological or Functional Capacity
Cardiorespiratory or Endurance Fitness
Muscular Fitness
Nutritional Fitness
Mental and Emotional Fitness
Motor Fitness
Quality of life
CHAPTER 4:
Conditions Disqualifying Sports Participation
CLASSIFICATION OF SPORTS
Strenuous
Contact
Limited Contact
Non-contact
Moderately Strenuous
Non-strenuous
ON-THE-FIELD INJURIES
PREPLANNING
GAME PROTOCOL
Criteria for Removal from Play
Eye Injury
Head Injury
Neck or Spine
Shoulders or Extremities
Abdomen
General Criteria for Hospital Evaluation
CHAPTER 5:
Set-up of an Ideal Sports Medicine Center
AIM
GOAL
OBJECTIVE
FACILITIES
STAFF PATTERN
CHAPTER 6:
Common Exercise Methods
CALORIES AND EXERCISE (Table 6.1)
Somatotype
Endomorph (Fattiness)
Mesomorph (Muscularity)
Ectomorph
AEROBICS
YOGA AND SIMILAR TECHNIQUES
FLEXIBILITY AND STRETCHING
Flexibility
Stretching
Benefits of Stretching
WARM-UP
Physiological Changes Related to an Increase in Body Temperature
SECTION 2: SPORTS SCIENCE
CHAPTER 7:
Nutrition
FOOD
Classification of Food
Foods Contain in General
A Well-balanced Diet
PROTEIN
Classification of Protein
Source of Protein
Daily Need
Sources
Names of Essential Amino Acids of Protein
Biologic Value
CARBOHYDRATE
Function
Sources
Polysaccharides, Disaccharides, Monosaccharides
Glycogen
Blood Glucose
FOOD FIBER OR ROUGHAGE
Sources
FATS
Storage
Sources
Average Daily Need
Blood Cholesterol
Blood Cholesterol and Physical Activity
Heart Disease and Deaths from Heart Attacks
WATER
Daily Water Loss from the Body along with Some Electrolytes
Water Balance
Salt Tablets
Dehydration
Body Fluid
NATURAL SALTS
Calcium
Iron
Phosphorus
Iodine
Sodium
Potassium
VITAMINS
Classification
Water-soluble Vitamins
Fat-soluble Vitamins A, D, E and K
BALANCED DIET
Basal Metabolism
Calculation of Total Energy of 3000 Calories
Average Standard of Calories
Composition of a Balanced Diet of a Normal Adult (3000 calories) (Table 7.1 and Table 7.2)
Athletes Demand of Extra of Energy
SPORT: DIET PRINCIPLE
Short Events
Sports Diet
Principles
Good Nutrition
Good Nutrition vs a Good Champion
Dietary Manipulation as an Aid to Preparation for Competition
Pre-competition Meal
Introduction
Sports Nutrition Tips
Pre-exercise Fuel
Post-exercise Fuel
Quick Tips
Road Fuel
The Sports Performance Plan
NUTRITION AND EXERCISE
Dietary Carbohydrate Intake for Athletes
Carbohydrate Intake Prior to Exercise
Carbohydrate Intake During Exercise
Carbohydrate Intake After Exercise
Dietary Protein Intake for Athletes
Effect of Mode of Exercise on Protein Metabolism
Effect of Intensity of Exercise
Effect of Duration of Exercise on Protein Metabolism
Dietary Fat Intake for Athletes
Vitamins
Minerals
Iron
Calcium
SUGGESTED RULES FOR GOOD NUTRITION
FOODS, NUTRITION AND SPORTS PERFORMANCE
ENERGY METABOLISM DURING EXERCISE: NUTRITIONAL IMPLICATIONS
CHAPTER 8:
Use of Anthropometry in Sports
ASSESSING BODY COMPOSITION
Methods of Assessing Body Composition
Reference Methods
Prediction Equations
COMMON METHODS OF MEASURING BODY FAT
Hydrodensitometry (Underwater Weighing)
DEXA (Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry)
BIA (Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis)
SKIN FOLD MEASUREMENTS
NIR (Near-infrared Interactance)
A Final Note
WEIGHT MASTERCHART
Weigh with Care
Ideal Weight Charts (Tables 8.1 to 8.4)
CHAPTER 9:
Training the Muscle
MUSCLE STRUCTURE
Physiology
Measurement
Training (Table 9.2)
MUSCLE SPEED
Muscle Characteristics
Type of Fibers
Physiology
Measurement
Training
Principles
Plyometrics
LOCAL MUSCLE ENDURANCE
Aerobic
Anaerobic
Physiology
Training : A Model Plan (Table 9.3)
CHAPTER 10:
Sports Psychologist—Its Utility in Sports
AIM
CONCEPTS
Concept 1
Conclusion
Concept 2
Conclusion
Concept 3
Conclusion
Concept 4
Conclusion
Concept 5
MOTIVES OF SPORTS ACTIVITY
PSYCHOLOGICAL BASIS OF TECHNICAL PREPARATION IN SPORTS (LEARNING)
Habits
Abilities
Proprioception
TRAINING EFFECT OF IMAGE OF MOVEMENT
PHYSIOLOGIC AROUSAL CONCENTRATION, AND PERFORMANCE
PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS IN PAIN AND IN THE TREATMENT OF INJURY
Mental Health of Athletes
NECESSITY OF PSYCHOLOGICAL COUNSELING
Roles of the Sport Psychologist
Clinical Role
NON-CLINICAL ROLE
Psychological Assessment
MOTIVATION IN SPORTS
Sportsperson—Personal Factors and Situational Factors
Personal Factors
Situational Factors
Important Considerations
THE FUTURE OF SPORT PSYCHOLOGY
CHAPTER 11:
Biomechanics of Sports: Its Role in Sports Science and Goal in Sports Performance
WHAT IS BIOMECHANICS OF SPORTS?
ROLE OF BIOMECHANICS OF SPORTS IN SPORTS SCIENCE
GOAL OF BIOMECHANICS OF SPORTS IN SPORTS PERFORMANCE
BIOMECHANICAL APPROACH TO CLASSIFICATION OF SPORTS TECHNIQUES
Maintaining Balance
Giving Impetus
Basic Biomechanical principles related to giving impetus to external objects-
Basic Biomechanical principles related to giving impetus to one's body-
Receiving Impetus
MAIN PROBLEMS
Problem of Injury
Problem of Loosing Balance
Problem of Loosing Accuracy and Control
SECTION 3: PHYSIOLOGY AND ANATOMY OF HUMAN BODY
CHAPTER 12:
Cells and Tissues
CELLS
Physical Structure of the Cell
Nuclear Membrane
Endoplasmic Retinaculum
Golgi Complex
Mitochondria
Lysosomes
Nucleus
Nucleolus
TISSUES
Epithelial Tissue
Connective Tissue
Varieties
Muscular Tissue
Classification
Types of Classification of Muscular Tissue
Skeletal Muscle Fiber
Cardiac Muscle
Visceral Muscle
Nervous Tissue
CHAPTER 13:
Digestive System
STRUCTURE
Alimentary Canal
Activity
Walls of Alimentary Tract
Stomach
Structures—It has four coats
Gastric Juice
HCl
Enzymes
Small Intestine-3 Parts
CHAPTER 14:
Respiratory System
STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OFTHE NORMAL LUNG
General Considerations
STRUCTURE OF THE GAS EXCHANGE PORTION
The Conducting Airways
Respiratory Bronchiole
Alveolar Duct
Alveolar Sacs and Alveolus
Acinus
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM FUNCTION
BIOLOGY OF THE LUNGS AND AIRWAYS
Inside the Lungs and Airways
Gas Exchange between Alveoli and Capillaries
Carbon Dioxide and Oxygen
Diaphragm's Role in Breathing (Figs 14.2A and B)
BASIC MECHANISM OF RESPIRATION (FIGS 14.2A AND 14.2B)
Muscle of Inspiration
Diaphragm
External Intercostal Muscles
Accessory Muscles of Inspiration
Motions of ribs
Pressure Changes During Expiration
Intrapulmonary Pressure
PULMONARY VOLUMES
Tidal Volume
Residual Volume
Total Lung Volume
Forced Expiratory Volume
Minute Respiratory Volume
Maximum Breathing Capacity
VITAL CAPACITY
Pressure Changes in Lungs and Thorax during Inspiration
Intrathoracic Pressure
Intrapulmonary Pressure
Muscle of Expiration
Internal Intercostal Muscle
Abdominal Muscles
Factors
MAXIMUM AEROBIC CAPACITY (VO2 MAX)
Factors Associated with VO2 max
OXYGEN DEBT
SECOND WIND
STITCH IN THE SIDE
ADAPTATION OF RESPIRATORY SYSTEM TO EXERCISE
Changes during Recovery
RESPIRATORY THERAPY
Postural Drainage
Postural Drainage and Percussion
Suctioning
Breathing Exercises
PEAK EXPIRATORY VOLUME
PULMONARY FUNCTION TESTING
A GLOSSARY OF SPIROMETRY TERMINOLOGY
CHAPTER 15:
Cardiovascular System
THE HEART
Anatomy of the Heart and Cardiac Cycle
Organs in Association of the Heart
Blood Vessels Attached to the Heart
Blood Supply
Nerve Supply
Cardiac Cycle
Heart Sounds
THE BLOOD VESSELS
The Blood
Blood Vessels
Blood Group
Landsteiner's Law
Rhesus Factor
Types of Blood Vessels
CARDIORESPIRATORY FUNCTION IN EXERCISE AND PHYSIOLOGICAL TESTING FOR SPORTS
Function of the Heart
ADAPTION OF CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM IN TRAINING
Athletes Heart
Harvard Step Tests
CHAPTER 16:
Muscular System
BASIC PROPERTIES OF MUSCLES, MICROSCOPIC STRUCTURE ANDTYPES OF MUSCLE
Muscle
Types of Muscle
Micoroscopical Appearance
Cells
Smooth Muscle
Cardiac Muscle
The Muscle Fiber
Properties of Muscle
Muscle Tone
Force of Muscle Contraction
Effects of Temperature on Muscle Tissue
Fatigue
Energy Source of Muscular Contraction
THE NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION
Acetylcholinesterase
Isotonic versus Isometric Contractions
Many Nuclei
The Anatomy of a Sarcomere
Creatine Phosphate
Glycolysis
Cellular Respiration
EFFECTS OF TRAINING IN MUSCULAR SYSTEM
Motor Unit
Fast and Slow: Twitch Muscle Fibers
Weight Training Program
Biochemical and Compositional Changes in Muscle
HEAT STRESS AND MUSCLE CRAMP
Thermoregulation
Heat Production
Heat Loss
Evaporation of Sweat
Heat Syncope
CHAPTER 17:
Nervous System
ANATOMICAL CONSIDERATION OF NERVOUS SYSTEM
Central Nervous System
Types of Nerves
Functions of Cerebrum
Cerebellum
Neurological System
Methods of Assessing the Function of Cranial Nerves
Autonomic Nervous System
Reflex Action, Conditioned Reflex, Neuromuscular Coordination
Reflex Action
Conditioned Reflex
Neuromuscular Co-ordination
CHAPTER 18:
Renal and Urinary System
INTRODUCTION
BIOLOGY OF THE KIDNEYS AND URINARY TRACT
Kidney (ren)
Nephron (Fig. 18.5)
ADRENAL GLANDS
SECTION 4: MISCELLANEOUS TOPICS
CHAPTER 19:
Role of Sports Medicine in Talent Searching
ROLE OF SPORTS SCIENCE DURING TALENT IDENTIFICATION
Physiological Tests
General Medical Check-up
Psychological Evaluation
CHAPTER 20:
Personal Hygiene
HABIT
Eating and Drinking
Sleep
Care of the Bowels
BATHS
Personal Cleanliness
Dental Hygiene
Clothing
Eyes
Ears
CHAPTER 21:
Communicable Diseases and their Prevention
INTRODUCTION
DISEASES CARRIED BY INSECTS
Malaria
Prevention
Control
DISEASES CAUSED BY INGESTION
Enteric fever
Prevention
Dysentery
Prevention
Cholera
Prevention
Poliomyelitis
Prevention
Diphtheria
Prophylaxis
Whooping Cough
Prevention
Mumps
Reproductive glands are affected.
Chicken Pox
Tetanus
Tuberculosis
Prevention
Veneral Diseases
DISEASES CAUSED BY SWIMMING POOL
Bathing Costumes
CHAPTER 22:
Medicolegal Problems in Sports
DETERMINATION OF AGE AND SEX
Importance of Age Determination
Methods of Age Determination
Importance of Sex Determination
Methods of Sex Determination
MILESTONES IN SEXUAL DEVELOPMENT
Appearance and Fusion of Epiphysis
IDENTIFICATION
CHAPTER 23:
Women and Sports
MENSTRUATION
Menstrual Irregularities
Amenorrhea and Oligomenorrhea
Menstrual Control
Dysmenorrhea
PREGNANCY
CHAPTER 24:
Air Travel and Medical Problems
PROBLEM
Changes in Air Pressure
Reduced Oxygen
Turbulence
Jet Lag
Psychologic Stress
GENERAL PRECAUTIONS
FOREIGN TRAVEL
VACCINATIONS
CHAPTER 25:
Rehabilitation in Sports
GENERAL ROLE OF THE TEAM PHYSIOTHERAPIST
QUALITIES
WORK LOAD AND DUTIES CONSTANT MONITORING AND CONTACT
EQUIPMENT
TRAVEL
TYPICAL DAY VS OLYMPIC COMPETITION
Types of Injury
Benefits of Good Medical Backup: Statistics for 1983–1988
Congents of Bag
CHAPTER 26:
Importance of Recovery
INTRODUCTION
CLASSIFICATION
Recovery from Fatigue Stage
Recovery from Medical Hazards
Recovery from Mental Stress
EFFECTS OF TRAINING SESSIONS
Recovery methods
Recovery from Endurance Session
Recovery from Speed Session
ADDITIONAL AIDS IN RECOVERY
Cooling Jackets (for use in Sports in hot and humid Climate)
Uses
Beneficial Effects
Deep Water Running (DWR)
Beneficial Uses of Deep Water Running
Method
Physiological Effects
NUTRITION SUPPLEMENTS
Sustain (Cereal) (AIS in association with Kellog's)
Sports Drinks
Isosport
CHAPTER 27:
Massage
INTRODUCTION
EFFECTS OF MASSAGE APPLIED TO INJURY
SPORTS MASSAGE TO PREPARE THE PLAYER FOR COMPETITION
THE USE OF POWDER, OILS AND CREAMS IN SPORTS MASSAGE
General Effects of Massage
Contraindications of Massage
Basic massage techniques
CHAPTER 28:
Sauna Bath
INTRODUCTION
PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS
PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS
CURATIVE EFFECTS
CHAPTER 29:
Strapping
AIMS OF STRAPPING
MATERIALS USED IN STRAPPING
PRINCIPLES OF STRAPPING
EQUIPMENT NECESSARY FOR STRAPPING
SECTION 5: SPORTS SPECIFIC INJURIES
CHAPTER 30:
Sports Specific Injuries: Prevention and Management
INTRODUCTION
CAUSES
PREVENTION
Prevention through Skill
Prevention through Physical Fitness
Flexibility
Strength
Stamina or Endurance
Rules for a Safe Endurance Training
Warming up and Cooling Down
Prevention through Control
Prevention through Protective Equipment
Prevention through Environment
Ideal Playing Environment
Prevention in Special Groups
Children
Women
The Elderly
The Disabled
THE GOLDEN RULES OF' INJURY PREVENTION AND MANAGEMENT
COMMON ATHLETIC INJURIES
SPRAINS AND STRAINS
Contusions
Fractures
CHAPTER 31:
Running Injuries
INTRODUCTION
THE BODY
Running Action
Speed
Examining the Runner
Backache and Leg Length
Shoe Raise
Runner's Knee
Achilles Tendon Pain
CAUSES OF RUNNING INJURIES
Training Errors
Shoes
Training Surface
Biomechanics of Running
THE DO'S AND DON'TS OFRUNNING INJURY
Do
Don't
TRAINING GUIDELINES FOR INJURED RUNNERS
REHABILITATION GUIDELINES FOR RUNNERS
REHABILITATION PROTOCOL FOR SEVERE CONDITIONS
CHAPTER 32:
Footwear Modification
ORTHOTICS
Types of Orthotics
Soft Orthotic
Semi-rigid Orthotics
Rigid Orthotics
EXERCISES
CHAPTER 33:
Shin Splints
ETIOLOGY
CONTRIBUTING FACTORS
INVESTIGATIONS IN A CASE OF STRESS FRACTURE
TREATMENT
Anterior Compartment Syndrome
Medial Tibial Syndrome
Phase 1
Phase 2
Phase 3
Phase 4
Stress Fracture
CHAPTER 34:
Football Injury
FATAL INJURIES IN FOOTBALL
Causes of Fatal Injuries
PREVENTION OF FOOTBALL INJURIES
FIRST AID FOR FOOTBALL INJURIES
Incidents which Endanger Life
Artificial Respiration
Artificial Circulation
Serious Arterial Bleeding
Prevention of Shock
Silence
Keep Warm
Giving of Drinks
Easing of Pain
The Treatment Itself
Open Injuries
Closed Injuries
CHAPTER 35:
Spondylolisthesis and Spondylolysis in Gymnasts
SPONDYLOLISTHESIS AND SPONDYLOLYSIS
Spondylolisthesis
Spondylolysis
The Pars Interartilcularis
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
Spondylolysis
Spondylolisthesis Typical Posture
ATHLETIC POPULATIONS (SPORTS) AT RISK
Special Tests (Figs 35.2 A & B)
TREATMENT PRINCIPLES
CHAPTER 36:
Tennis Elbow (Lateral and Medial Epicondylitis)
INTRODUCTION
MECHANISM OF INJURY
Lateral Epicondylitis
Medial Epicondylitis
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
General Symptoms
Specific Signs (Table 36.1)
REHABILITATION
Phase 1
Goals
Rest
Ice
Compress and Elevate
Phase 2
Goals
Stretching (Fig. 36.1)
Strengthening
Phase 3
Goals
EQUIPMENT MODIFICATIONS
THE BRACING
STRAIN-RELATED CONDITIONS
RELIEF OF TENNIS ELBOW
PREVENTION
To Prevent Tennis Elbow
To Prevent a Relapse
Seek Professional Help in Case
CHAPTER 37:
The Rotator Cuff: A Tennis Player's Weak Link
INTRODUCTION
WARM UP
STRETCHES
EXERCISES
Internal/External Rotators
Cable Pulls
Pull a Gun and Hitchhike
Buckets
CHAPTER 38:
Keeping the Tennis Shoulder Tuned
ETIOLOGY
THE PROGRAM
Stretching
Strengthening
Concentric/Eccentric Shoulder External Rotation at 90 Degrees
Concentric/Eccentric Shoulder Internal Rotation at 90 Degrees
Concentric/Eccentric Exercises of Serratus Anterior
CHAPTER 39:
Eccentric Training for Treatment of Achilles Tendinosis
ANATOMY OF THE ACHILLES TENDON
Achilles Tendinitis and Tendinosis
ECCENTRIC MUSCLE ACTION AND REHABILITATION
CHAPTER 40:
Hamstring Pull (Strain)
HAMSTRING (FIG. 40.1)
Muscles Comprise The Hamstrings
Function of the Hamstrings
HAMSTRING STRAIN
Classification
First Degree
Second Degree
Third Degree
Etiology of Hamstring Strains
Treatment of Hamstring Strain
First Degree
Second Degree
Third Degree
Seeking Professional Assistance
Athlete's Return Back to Sport
PREVENTION OF HAMSTRING INJURY
CHAPTER 41:
The Iliotibial Band Friction Syndrome
THE ILIOTIBIAL BAND (ITB)
Possible Cause of Iliotibial Band Friction Syndrome
Facts Concerning IliotibialBand Friction Syndrome
Possible Anatomic Factors Associated with Iliotibial Band Friction Syndrome
Treatments of Iliotibial Band Friction Syndrome
DIFFERENT STRETCHING TECHNIQUES
Self-stretching
STRETCHING WITH THE OUTSIDE APPLIED FORCE
Ober's Stretch
Reverse Ober's Stretch
CHAPTER 42:
Knee Injuries and the Female Athlete
CHAPTER 43:
Boxing Injuries: Their Prevention and Management
INTRODUCTION
BOXING INJURIES
The Punch-drunk Syndrome
Eye Problems
Injuries to the Ear
Mouth Injuries
Other Injuries
Broken Nose
Deaths in the Ring
A Knockout
Broken Cheekbone
Broken Jaw
Cuts and Bruises
Shoulder Injuries
Separated or Broken Ribs
Ruptured Spleen
Damaged Liver
Injuries to Other Abdominal Organs
Wrist Injuries
Injuries to the Hitter
Conditioning Problems
Running, Aerobics, Yoga, Flexibility Exercises, and Heavy Weight Training
Breast Injuries in Women Boxers
Recreational Boxing
HOW TO IMPROVE SKILLS AND PREVENT INJURY?
CHAPTER 44:
Osteoarthritis of the Knee
INTRODUCTION
DEFINITION
ETIOLOGY
Etiological Factors
THE ROLE OF INFLAMMATION IN OSTEOARTHRITIS
THE STRUCTURE AND BIOMECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF CARTILAGE
THE ANATOMY OF THE KNEE (FIG. 44.3)
THE FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY AND BIOMECHANICS OF THE KNEE
PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF MANAGEMENT
Management
Benefits of Exercises
Exercise
Other Useful Approach
Weight Loss
Surgery
DRUG TREATMENT
NSAIDs
Corticosteroids
CHAPTER 45:
Plantar Fasciitis
PRINCIPLES OF PLANTAR FASCIITIS
Potential Causes
Effective Treatment
THE TREATMENT PROCESS
Rest
Cold Therapy
Medication
Shoes
Taping
Orthotics
Stretching and Strengthening
CHAPTER 46:
Patellofemoral Syndrome
INTRODUCTION
TREATMENT OF PATELLOFEMORAL SYNDROMES
Strengthening
Straight Leg Raises
Hip Abduction
Hip Adduction
Hip Flexion (Fig. 46.2)
Stretching
Hamstrings
Quadriceps
Gastrocnemius/Soleus
Illiotibial Band
CHAPTER 47:
Patellofemoral Malalignment
SUBLUXATION OF THE PATELLA
Fulkerson Classification
Clinical Presentation
Examination
Other Examinations
Radiographs
CT Scan
CHAPTER 48:
Arthroscopy of the Knee in Sports Injuries
THE ARTHROSCOPE
OVERUSE INJURIES
SYNOVIAL DISORDERS
Medial Shelf Syndrome
Fat Pad Syndrome
Iliotibial Tract Syndrome
ACUTE INJURIES
CHAPTER 49:
Upper Cervical Injuries
INTRODUCTION
GENERAL ISSUES
Assessment of Local Upper Neck Injury
Cervical Stability
Special Considerations in the Multiply Injured Patient
GENERAL TREATMENT ISSUES
Orthoses
Perioperative Stabilization
ANATOMY
RADIOGRAPHIC INTERPRETATION AND CLASSIFICATION
Fractures of the Atlas
Fractures of C2 (axis)
Fractures of the Odontoid
Fractures of the C2 Ring (Hangman's Fractures)
SURGICAL PRINCIPLES OF UPPER CERVICAL ARTHRODESIS
TREATMENT
C1 Burst Fracture
Odontoid Fractures
Hangman's Fractures
RARE UPPER CERVICAL INJURIES
SPECIALIZED INSTRUMENTATION
CHAPTER 50:
First Aid and Prevention of Injuries in Basketball
INJURIES IN BASKETBALL
Scraped Knees or Elbows
Occasional Concussion
Knee Injuries
Finger and Hand Injuries or “Jammed Finger
Hits on the Shin
Charley Horse (Localized Intramuscular Tear)
Strain or Tear of Thigh or Calf
Ankle Injuries
OTHER COMMON INJURIES
METHODS OF PREVENTION
CHAPTER 51:
Sports Injuries in Aquatics
INTRODUCTION
PREVENTION
TREATMENT
AIMS OF THERAPY
CHAPTER 52:
Abdominal Muscles in Shape
INTRODUCTION
EXERCISES
Pelvic Tilt
Crunch
Reverse Curl/Crunch
Oblique Twist
CHAPTER 53:
Protecting the Back
INTRODUCTION
KEYS TO PROPER LIFTING (FIGS 53.1A & B)
KEYS TO PUSHING AND PULLING OBJECTS
KEYS TO PROLONGED STANDING (FIG. 53.2)
KEYS TO SITTING (FIG. 53.3A)
KEYS TO BENDING AND LEANING(FIGS 53.4A TO C)
KEYS TO DOING REPETITIVE MOVEMENTS
SUMMARY OF GOOD POSTURE
CHAPTER 54:
Principles of First Aid in Sports
TRANSPORTATION OF CASUALTY
DRESSINGS AND BANDAGES
Dressing
Bandage
Traingular Bandage
Roller Bandage
UNCONSCIOUSNESS
Examination of Unconscious Casualty
General Treatment of Unconsciousness
FRACTURE
WOUND, BLEEDING AND BURN
Wound
Cuts, Scratches and Abrasion
Burn
Major Burn
ASPHYXIA (SUFFOCATION)
Causes of Asphyxia
Treatment
ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION
RESCUE BREATHING
Mouth to Mouth and Mouth to Nose Method
Mouth to Mouth Method
Arm-Lift-Back-Pressure Method
EXTERNAL CARDIAC MASSAGE
Caution
SHOCK
Signs and Symptoms
Treatment
CHAPTER 55:
Some Common Medical Problems in Sports Persons
ASTHMA
Medications
ACNE
Tips
ATHLETE'S FOOT
Precautions
SAFE SEX/STD'S
Who Gets STD's
SCABIES/MITES
CONTRACEPTION AND TEENAGE PREGNANCY
ANABOLIC STEROID ABUSE
Side Effects of Anabolic Steroids
THE RISK OF ABDOMINAL INJURY TO WOMEN DURING SPORT
EFFECTS OF HEAT AND COLD ON EXERCISE PERFORMANCE
FLUID AND ELECTROLYTE BALANCE DURING EXERCISE
SECTION 6: DOPING MENACE
CHAPTER 56:
Doping Menace in Present Day Sports
INTRODUCTION
DOPING AGENTS
PROHIBITED METHODS
Blood Doping
Procedure for Blood Doping
Use in Sports
Side Effects
Detection
Intravascular Clotting
Administering Artificial Oxygen: Carriers or Plasma Expanders
Plasma Expanders (PEx)
Artificial Oxygen Carriers
Side Effects
Detection
Status in Sport
Pharmacological, Chemical and Physical Manipulation
Status in Sport
DRUG TESTING
Why Drug Testing?
Who shall be Tested?
Competition Testing
Out of Competition Testing
What shall be Tested?
Analytical Laboratory
Analytical Procedures
Sample Collection Process
Sample Analysis
Detection Time
Detection Limits
IOC Sanctions for Doping Offence
IOC Sanctions
List of Banned Drugs as on April 2006 (Tables 56.3 to 56.8.)
INDEX
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