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Diabetes Mellitus
S Shanmugam
1:
Theory of Metabolic Dominance
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION
THEORY OF HYPERANABOLISM AND CATABOLISM
CONCLUSION
2:
Relative Obesity and Diabetology
INTRODUCTION
Pitfalls of the Available Data
THE CONCEPT = RELATIVE OBESITY
EXPLANATION OF THE FORMULA
SCIENTIFIC BASIS OF THE HYPOTHESIS
Applicability of the Hypothesis
CONCLUSION
3:
Diabetes and Metabolic Equations
INTRODUCTION
Carbohydrate Metabolism
Lipid Metabolism
Protein Metabolism
CONCLUSION
4:
Nitrosamine in IDDM
INTRODUCTION
The Possible Role in IDDM
CONCLUSION
5:
Coffee and Diabetes Mellitus
INTRODUCTION
COFFEE AS A COFACTOR IN DIABETES
THE PRESENT INFORMATION
POSSIBLE MECHANISMS DESCRIBED
DISCUSSION
CONCLUSION
6:
Beedi Smoking and MRDM
INTRODUCTION
ROLE OF BEEDI SMOKING
REASONS FOR THE IMPLICATIONS
CONCLUSION
7:
Blood Sugar and Urine Sugar Estimation: HOW, WHEN, WHAT AND WHY?
INTRODUCTION
GTT and its relevance
Urine Sugar and its Value as a Factor of Clinical Help
Blood Sugar Estimation
CONCLUSION
8:
Investigations in Diabetology—Guidelines
INTRODUCTION
Guidelines for Investigations
Routine Tests for Control of Diabetes
Special Screening for Specific Organ or System Affection
Tests for Symptom Assessment
Special Tests for The Long-term Control Assessment and Newer Tests
Applicability of the Tests
CONCLUSION
9:
Diet and Diabetes Mellitus
DIABETIC DRINK—A NEW FORMULA FOR CONTROLLING DIABETES AND AS A DRINK
ANY TYPE OF DIET FOR DIABETES MELLITUS—HOW TO PLAN TO HAVE A GOOD CONTROL?
SPECIAL FOODS USAGE IN INDIAN CONTEXT
VEGETABLES USAGE
NON-VEGETARIAN FOODS USAGE
TIMING AND INTERVAL BETWEEN SERVINGS
LIQUID DIETS
FOOD PLANNING DURING ILLNESSES
FOODS OF FESTIVE SEASONS AND FUNCTIONS
FOOD PLANNING RELATED TO ASSOCIATED CONDITIONS LIKE HYPERTENSION, DYSLIPIDEMIA, ETC
DIET PLANNING FOR SPECIAL AGE GROUPS, SURGERY AND PREGNANCY
CONCLUSION
10:
Exercise and Diabetes Mellitus
INTRODUCTION
Understanding about Exercise
Time Availability and the Duration of Exercise
Physical Fitness Level Especially Cardiovascular Fitness
Condition of the Foot Including PVD
Neurological Complications of Diabetes Especially Neuropathy
Job Demands
Clean Environment
Joint Problems Especially Osteoarthritis of Knee Joints
Renal Disease and Hypertension
Motivation of the Individual Concerned
CONCLUSION
11:
Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus
INTRODUCTION
The Basic Principles
Tools of Therapy of Diabetes
Drugs—oral
Insulin Use
Insulin Misuse
Diabetic Education
CONCLUSION
12:
Insulin Therapy Simplified
INTRODUCTION
Insulin Usage in Diabetes
Insulin Types
CONCLUSION
13:
Biguanides and Quinolones
INTRODUCTION
Quinolones
Antidiabetic Agent Responsible for Drug Interaction
The Basis of Interaction
Applicability of this Observation
Newer Research Idea
CONCLUSION
14:
Long-term Behavior of Diabetes Mellitus
CONCLUSION
15:
Method of Follow-up of Diabetic Patients in India
CONCLUSION
16:
Can Natural Methods or Life Style Modification Be of Use in Controlling Diabetes Mellitus?
INTRODUCTION
NATURAL METHODS
Diet
Exercise
Yoga
Mental Relaxation Exercises
Pranayama, Meditation
Pranayama
Meditation
Approach to Life
Strain Reduction
Planned Life
Positive Attitude Development
Crisis Management
Ability Related Aims
CONCLUSION
17:
Diabetes and Women
INTRODUCTION
Subgroups in Women
Women before Menarche
Menarche
NIDDM in Teens
Ist Trimester
IInd Trimester
IIIrd Trimester
Insulin Type and Method of Administration
Per Partum
CONCLUSION
NIDDM
Syndrome of Postmenopausal Diabetes Mellitus
Surgery and Postmenopausal Women
CONCLUSION
18:
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
INTRODUCTION
SCREENING OF PREGNANT FOR DIABETES
Indications for Screening
Glycosuria not Reliable
Blood Sugar Estimation
Special Care of Diabetic Pregnancies
CONCLUSION
19:
Preoperative Assessment of Diabetic Patients
INTRODUCTION
Systems and Organs to be Checked
Cardiovascular System Assessment
Respiratory System Assessment
Blood Studies
Autonomic Dysfunction is also Assessed to be more Alert using the Tests Described in the Concerned Chapter
Emergency Surgery
CONCLUSION
20:
Surgical Problems Peculiar to Diabetes
INTRODUCTION
THE PROBLEMS
Common Surgical Problems
Surgical Problem as a Cause or Effect
Mimicking Surgical Problem
Anesthetist's Role in Diabetes Surgery
CONCLUSION
21:
Can We Predict the Complications of Diabetes Mellitus?
INTRODUCTION
Methodology
Observations
CONCLUSION
22:
Why Indian Diabetics Suffer More Severe Complications?
INTRODUCTION
Reasons for the Increased Incidence of Complications
CONCLUSION
23:
Diabetic Ketoacidosis
INTRODUCTION
New Information in DKA
CLASSIFICATION OF DKA
Diabetic Ketosis Major
Diabetic Ketosis–Minor
NEW PRESENTATION OF DKA
Subcutaneous Insulin for Better Management at the Late Phase of Therapy
Discharge Advice
CONCLUSION
24:
Diabetic and Chronic Complications
INTRODUCTION
DIABETES MELLITUS AND VASCULAR COMPLICATIONS
Macrovascular Diseases
Microvascular Diseases
Incidence of Complications
CONCLUSION
25:
Diabetes and Pattern of Stroke
INTRODUCTION
Epidemiology of Stroke in Diabetics
Types of Stroke
Pathology of Stroke
Presentation of Stroke
Investigations
Therapy of Stroke
Prevention of Stroke
CONCLUSION
26:
Diabetes and Acute Myocardial Infarction
INTRODUCTION
Diabetic Affections of Cardiovascular System
Coronary Artery Disease
Incidence
Precipitating Factors
Symptoms and Signs of Difference
Investigations of Importance
Treatment of AMI
Five Pronged Attack
Immediate
Intermediate
Discharge
Follow-Up
Preventing Future Attacks
Permanent Methods
Dilatation of the Arteries for Better Flow of Blood
Dissolution of the Clot Formed and which has Produced the Infarction and Prevention of Clot Formation
Preservation of Cellular Metabolism of the Myocardial Muscles
Reducing the Oxidative Stress of the Myocardium for Better Outcome
Improving the Muscular Function and so Ventricular Function and Preventing the Arrhythmia Development
CONCLUSION
27:
Diabetic Foot—Peripheral Vascular Disease
INTRODUCTION
Investigations
Management Guidelines
CONCLUSION
28:
Management of Hypertension in Diabetes
INTRODUCTION
Incidence
Complications
Type of Patients dealt with and Methodology to be Applied
MANAGEMENT
Goal of Therapy
Lifestyle Modifications (LSM)
Pharmacological Therapy
Diabetic Hypertension
Special Situations in Diabetes with Hypertension
Renal Disease
Hypertensive Emergencies in Diabetes
CONCLUSION
29:
Diabetic Nephropathy—Newer Medical Approaches
INTRODUCTION
NEWER MEDICAL APPROACHES
Use of Trimetazidine as a Cyto-protective in Diabetic Nephropathy
Use of Isosorbide Dinitrite for Improving the Nephropathy
Use of Fish Oils and Anti-oxidants
CONCLUSION
30:
Cardiovascular Manifestations
INTRODUCTION
Abnormalities of ANS
Vasomotor Abnormalities
Clinical Means of Testing the Changes in the Heart Rate as a Sign of Autonomic Neuropathy
Other Means of Testing Vagal Action on the Heart
Blood Pressure and Heart Rate Response to Sustained Muscular Exercise
Heart Rate Response to Atropine
Carotid Sinus Massage
Postural Hypotension
Blood Pressure Response to Mental Concentration
Autonomic Symptoms of Value in Clinical Medicine
The Various Circulatory Reflexes are
Discussion
CONCLUSION
31:
Postural Hypertension
32:
Impotence
CONCLUSION
33:
Vascular Diabetes
INTRODUCTION
Metabolic Presentation
Metabolic-cum-vascular Presentation
Vascular Diabetes Mellitus (Burnt out Diabetes or Cured Metabolic Diabetes)
CONCLUSION
34:
Environmental Changes
INTRODUCTION
Environment
Immediate Environment
Place in which Living
State or Country of Living
Global Environment
Seasons and Moon Phases
Moon Phases
CONCLUSION
35:
Lungs and Diabetes
INTRODUCTION
Lung Parenchyma
Pleural Coverings
Airway Obstructions
Extra Lung Structures Namely Muscles of the Respiration
CONCLUSION
36:
Siddha Medicine and Diabetic Complications
INTRODUCTION
The Indications for Which the Drug is Used
1. Coronary Artery Disease
2. Peripheral Vascular Disease
3. End Stage Renal Failure
CONCLUSION
37:
Prevention of Diabetes
NATURAL ANTIOXIDANTS (SPICES AND CONDIMENTS)
CONCLUSION
38:
Community Oriented Diabetology
CONCLUSION
39:
Concluding Remarks
INDEX
TOC
Index
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