Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing BT Basavanthappa
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1Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing2
3Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing
BT Basavanthappa MN, PhD Principal, Govt. College of Nursing, Fort, Bangalore. PhD Guide (Recognized by INC and Indian Universities) Examiner for UG, PG and Doctoral Courses in Nursing Ex-programme In-charge IGNOU, BSc, Nursing Course Life Member Trained Nurses Association of India, New Delhi Govt. Nurses Association of Karnataka, Bangalore Academy of Nursing Studies, Hyderabad, India United Writers Association of India, Chennai Nursing Research Society of India, New Delhi President RGUHS Nursing Teachers Association, Karnataka Winner Bharat Excellence Award and Gold Medal Vikas Ratan Gold Award UWA Lifetime Achievement Award Author Ten Texts on Nursing
4Published by
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Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd
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Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing
© 2007, BT Basavanthappa
All rights reserved. No part of this publication should be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means: electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the author and the publisher.
First Edition: 2007
9788180618987
Typeset at JPBMP typesetting unit
Printed at Ajanta Press
5Dedicated to
My ever loving parents
and
My dear students of
Noble nursing profession
6
7PREFACE
It gives me immense pleasure and satisfaction to introduce and present this title Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing to our Nursing Community. I have been pleased with utilization of my earlier titles – Community Health Nursing, Medical Surgical Nursing, Paediatric/Child Health Nursing, Fundamentals of Nursing, Nursing Education, Nursing Research and Nursing Administration, and Midwifery/Reproductive Health Nursing.
Mental, behavioural and social health problems are an increasing part of health problems the world over. A meta-analysis on prevalence of mental and behavioural disorder in India revealed and estimated prevalence of 58.2 per 1000 population. Now, we are witnessing so much changes taking place in the health care system. To meet the demands of a constantly changing system, nursing must become increasingly futuristic in developing roles and responsibilities, compared with what is known today. About 70 years ago Psychiatric nursing knowledge was almost non-existent. Then most Psychiatric nursing texts were written by psychiatrists, sometimes with nurse co-authors and they were first used by psychiatric nurses employed in State Mental Hospitals. Later, nursing students were sent to such hospitals for short-term training. Afterwards the Psychiatric nursing components were included as it was a required element of basic nursing education. Psychiatric mental health courses are now ordinarily offered along with other courses and in some nursing institutions, with other clinical experience.
Mental health disorders are actually much more prevalent than is apparent on the surface. While such disorders do not contribute significantly to mortality, they have a serious bearing on the quality of life of the affected persons and their families.
Today, most mental patients, even those with severe disturbances, spend most of their time in community. At the same time, the range of problems addressed by psychiatric mental health nursing expanded. Students must learn not only about severe and chronic mental illnesses, as in the past, but also about the mental health needs of individuals, families, small groups, and communities, about people at risk for violence, suicide, homelessness, substance abuse, and about the psychosocial aspects of physiological illness and disability, socio-economic disadvantage, racial discrimination, cultural differences, sexual and gender issues, age-related problems and lifestyles. To meet such challenges, I felt that there is a need for a book containing all aspects of psychiatric mental health nursing.
This book included not only the beliefs and knowledge peculiar to psychiatric mental health nursing, but also applicable knowledge from other nursing specialities and from associated disciplines such as psychiatry, pharmacology, neurology, sociology, and psychology. And also it presents an information that is complete, accurate and uptodate. Further, it ensure that this knowledge brought together from a vast array of different intellectual traditions, makes sense.8
I have tried my level best to include all the content needed for our nursing students and practitioners. I believed that, students will find the text and its accompaniments current, informative, useful, innovative and inspiring. Inspiration of nurses and collaborative colleagues to find new and more effective ways to help the people entrusted to our care and wish you all in the empowering universe of “Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing Practice.”
I hope, this book will continue to serve not only the nursing students of various levels for whom it intended, but also those in the allied professions.
I am aware of manifold reason, errors might be crept and shall feel oblige, if such errors are brought to my notice, I sincerely welcome constructive criticism from readers, that would help me to enrich myself and good suggestion will be incorporated in the next edition.
BT Basavanthappa
9ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I owe a great deal of thanks to many who encouraged and supported me with their time and encouragement throughout.