“Without God We can do Nothing”
Shakti Kumar Gupta MBBS MHA MNAMS
Medical Superintendent All India Institute of Medical Sciences Dr R P Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences
New Delhi, India
Lt Col Sunil Kant VSM MBBS DCE MBA MHA MNAMS
JDMS (Personnel) Office of DGMS (Army) Army HQ,
New Delhi
R Chandrashekhar B.Arch HFP PhD FIIA
Senior Architect Directorate General of Health Services Ministry of Health and Family Welfare Government of India,
New Delhi
Sidhartha Satpathy MBBS MD(SPM) MHA
Associate Professor Department of Hospital Administration All India Institute of Medical Sciences
New Delhi, India
Jitendar P Vij
Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd
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Modern Trends in Planning and Designing of Hospitals: Principles and Practice
© 2007, Authors
All rights reserved. No part of this publication should be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means: electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the authors and the publisher.
First Edition: 2007
9788180619120
Typeset at JPBMP typesetting unit
Printed at Gopson Papers Ltd, A-14, Section 60, Noida
To my parents for their guidance and moral support to my students and teachers who always inspired me for academic excellence to my beautiful and brilliant wife, Madhu who provides me with unwavering love and support and our affectionate daughter, Shilpa for her undaunting patience and understanding while I pursued my dreams and to the memory of Late Sh. Om Parkash Bamba for being my anchor and source of inspiration
– Shakti Kumar Gupta
To my mother for her lifetime inspiration and everlasting support my lovable wife, Sheeba for being my steady anchor and omnipresent sublime loec our delightful daughter, Dakshita for her radiant presence and to the memory of my father and brother
– Sunil Kant
To my mother for her constant encouragement and belief in me. Gowri, my ever supportive wife for her patience and unflinching support through every stage of my life My sons, Saurabh and Gaurav for their vital and thought stirring inputs and to the memory of my father
– R. Chandrashekhar
To my parents for their guidance and everlasting support all my teachers – for being source of inspiration and guiding my career my beloved wife, Sujata whose unwavering love has been a pillar of strength in all my endeavors and our adorable daughters - Sylvanae and Shayna for bringing immense joy in our life
– Sidhartha Satpathy
Globally, healthcare systems are experiencing increasing fiscal, demographic and consumer pressure. There have been metamorphic changes in the recent past in the sphere of healthcare delivery. The planning, design and final architectural expression in healthcare is reflective of the gradual shift in outlook of healthcare institutions from merely treating the sick to a concerted approach to harness healthy living. This has been triggered by globalization, increased expectations of seekers and providers of healthcare, emphasis on ambulatory/daycare services, enhanced standards of care and the participation of private players in the health sector.
Hospitals are amongst the largest and most complex of all modern institutions. To add to these complexities are the major transformations that are occurring in the delivery of healthcare worldwide. It is thus essential that hospitals are planned and designed to meet the requirements of today and tomorrow. Winston Churchill had commented “first we shape our buildings and thereafter they shape us”. This is certainly true for hospital buildings.
The book “Modern Trends in Planning and Designing of Hospitals: Principles and Practice” provides a comprehensive and holistic view in planning and designing of hospitals. The existing best practices, emerging trends/concepts such as integrated healthcare facilities, value added services, green hospitals, healing architecture, life enhancing designs, assisted living facilities, patient focused architecture and humanizing environment have all been incorporated. The book has chapters on planning and designing of clinical, administrative, supportive services and facilities including inpatient, ambulatory, therapeutic, diagnostic and logistic support departments. Plan types, functional requirements, materials used, intra and inter departmental relationships, way finding, interiors, aesthetics, design trends, electrical systems, ventilation, air conditioning, lighting, water, circulation, environmental, energy, interface and space requirements have also been deliberated. Chapters on facilities for the aged and the disabled have also been included. The text is amply and appropriately aided by diagrams, photographs, architectural drawings and engineering designs. A chapter “Ready Reckoner” has been incorporated which will provide the reader ready access to comprehensive information related to the planning and designing of hospitals.
This book will be a useful guide and reference source that will complement the functions of policy makers, academicians, hospital planners, architects, administrators, clinicians, engineers and students associated with planning, designing, construction, maintenance and administration of hospitals. It is authored by professionals who are also qualified, skilled and experienced hospital planners and administrators. The doctor-architect author team has complemented and supplemented each other to provide an integrated approach to all the issues related to the planning and designing of hospitals. The book would facilitate planning and designing of new hospitals as well as remodeling, renovating and retrofitting existing hospitals.
We hope that the book proves valuable to those for whom it is intended. Communication of suggestions and omissions, from our esteemed and revered readers will be of immense help in incorporating the same in the subsequent editions.
We greatly acknowledge the contributions of the various institutions, hospitals and consultants for permission to use their concepts, photographs, architectural drawings and engineering designs in the book. Their contributions have definitely enabled to make the principles and practice of hospitals planning and designing more easily comprehensible and implementable.
We also sincerely appreciate Mr. Sandeep Saxena in providing the excellent secretarial assistance and Mr. F.C. Luthra and Mr. Indresh Kumar Sinha for generating Auto CAD drawings in the compilation of the book. Our thanks to the well-knit team of Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers Pvt. Ltd under the dynamic and visionary leadership of their Chairman and Managing Director, Mr. Jitendar P. Vij for their quality adherence, professionalism and dedication. Their invaluable contribution in the completion of the book is gratefully acknowledged.
Shakti Kumar Gupta
Lt Col Sunil Kant
R Chandrashekhar
9Acknowledgements
The authors sincerely acknowledge the contributions of the following:
Drawings and photo credits
- Archimedes – Healthcare Architecture, New Delhi.
- Hosmac India Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai.
- Hospital Services Consultancy Corporation (I) Ltd., Noida, UP.
Photo credits
- Asian Heart Institute, Mumbai.
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi.
- All India Institute of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mumbai.
- Austria India Plan and Build Consortium, Vienna, Austria.
- B M Birla Heart Research Centre, Kolkata.
- Bangalore Medical College, Bangalore.
- BSES Hospital, Mumbai.
- Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital, New Delhi.
- Dte General of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Govt. of India, New Delhi.
- Fortis Hospital Mohali, Punjab.
- Godrej Memorial Hospital, Mumbai.
- Government Medical College and Hospital, Jammu.
- Incubis, Architecture Industrial Design Retail Projects, New Delhi.
- Institute of Cytology and Preventive Oncology, ICMR – Noida, UP.
- Johnson and Johnson (Medical), India.
- Max Devki Devi Heart and Vascular Institute, New Delhi.
- Max Super Speciality Hospital, New Delhi.
- MGI (India), Gurgaon.
- Nizam Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad.
- Parmanand Hospital, New Delhi.
- Prime Site, A Division of Mudra Communications Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
- S. B. Group (Rockland Hospital), New Delhi.
- Saifee Hospital, Mumbai.
- Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow.
- Sri Satya Sai Institute of Higher Medical Sciences Puttaparthy, Andhra Pradesh.
- Sri Venkateshwara Institute of Medical Sciences Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh.
- Trivandrum Medical College, Kerala.
- Wockhardt Hospital and Research Centre, Mumbai.
Walk through CD
- Trauma Center, Bir Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal.(Courtesy: Hospital Services Consultancy Corporation (I) Ltd, Noida, UP)