Going Green: A Manual of Waste Management for the Dental Practitioner Uma Raman, Vidyaa Hari Iyer
INDEX
A
Accident reporting 87
AIDS and hepatitis 60
Anatomical wastes (human tissue) 32
B
Biohazard—handle with care 15
Biomedical waste 5, 55, 93
cardinal principles 56
categories 76
classification 63
dental clinic waste 55
health hazards 55
objectives 55
risk 55
safe methods 56
training programs 56
Biomedical waste management and handling rules 1998 3
Blood soaked materials 31
C
Case study 40
environmental management system 40
pilot study 40
sample collection 40
study results 42
Central legislations 3
Chemical for sterilization 34
Chemical treatment 68
Color-coding system 11
Colour-coded bags 14
Cytotoxic waste 93
D
Deep burial 82
Dental and biomedical wastes 1
Dental unit wastewater 60
Department of environment 88
Development of a waste management plan 49
Disinfection 93
infectious waste before disposal 13
Disposal 93, 66
hospital waste 67
options 23
E
Elemental mercury 24
Encapsulation 21, 93
H
Hazardous waste 5, 6, 93
Health hazards 7
chemical and pharmaceutical waste 8
infectious waste and sharps 7
Hospital dental waste - management 48
Hospital engineer 52
I
Incineration 93
Inertisation 93
Infectious wastes 5, 6, 93
L
Label for biomedical waste containers 15
Land filling in municipal disposal sites 18
Leachate 93
Lead aprons 29
Lead foil packets 29
M
Matron and hospital manager 51
Mercury spill 57
Microwaving 82
N
Needle stick injury 61
Non-anatomical wastes 31, 32
O
Office engineering 58
Offsite 93
P
Plastic waste 62
Pollution prevention 2
Pretreatment 93
R
Ragas Dental College Waste Management Programme 45
Recyclable waste 63, 64
Recycle 94
S
Safe burying 19
Sanitary landfill 94
Scavenging 94
Scrap amalgam 24, 25
Segregation 94
Sharps 94
Shredding 94
Smelting 94
Spent fixer chemistry program 62
Spent X-ray fixer 27
Spore testing 81
Standards of liquid waste 81
Storage 16
Supply officer 51
T
The Gazette of India 71, 90
accident reporting 75
advisory committee 74
annual report 74
appeal 75
application 71
authorization 74
definition 71
duty occupier 72
maintenance of records 75
prescribed authority 73
segregation packaging transportation and storage 73
short title 71
treatment and disposal 72
Training of waste handlers 52
Transportation 16
Treatment 94
Types of infection waste 14
U
Undeveloped film 28
V
Validation test 81
W
Waste Handling and Management Rules 10
Waste management officer 49
Waste management protocol 36
amend the plan as required 39
monitor performances and review 39
train staff 38
waste audit 36, 37
waste management plan 37
Waste management team 65
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1GOING GREEN2
3GOING GREEN: A Manual of Waste Management for the Dental Practitioner
Uma Raman MDS Professor and Head Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Ragas Dental College and Hospital East Coast Road, Uthandi Chennai
Vidyaa Hari Iyer BDS PGDHHM Senior Lecturer Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics Ragas Dental College and Hospital East Coast Road, Uthandi Chennai
4Published by
Jitendar P Vij
Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd
B-3 EMCA House, 23/23B Ansari Road, Daryaganj, New Delhi 110 002, India
Phones: +91-11-23272143, +91-11-23272703, +91-11-23282021, +91-11-23245672
Rel: 32558559, Fax: +91-11-23276490, +91-11-23245683
Branches
Going Green: A Manual of Waste Management for the Dental Practitioner
© 2007, Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers
All rights reserved. No part of this publication should be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means: electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the authors and the publisher.
First Edition: 2007
9788180619809
Typeset at JPBMP typesetting unit
Printed at Paras Press
5Preface
It is a well-established fact that improperly disposed hospital wastes pose a deadly menace to public health. Though there is increasing awareness of the scale and magnitude of the problem there are very few initiatives to set up a practical hospital waste management program. The need of the hour is to start educating doctors, nurses, paramedical staff and associated members of the health care profession of the hazards of biomedical waste mismanagement.
Dental science uses hazardous materials and it is important to know how to dispose off them in a manner that does not produce a threat to the environment. Ragas Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, has carved a niche for itself by virtue of its excellence in the field of dental sciences. It is the first dental institution to initiate and implement a Bio-dental Waste Management Program. The program has been running successfully for the past 3 years.
Our interest in biodental waste was initiated when the senior author attended a conference on Biomedical Waste Management and thereafter developed, in the process of guiding the junior authors in the preparation of a dissertation on waste produced in a dental hospital. Our study and the experience we have gained thereafter in implementing a sustainable waste management program have been the bases for this manual.
We hope the readers will find this book a useful manual in enhancing their awareness and knowledge on biodental waste management and its implications in day-to-day clinical practice. This is a modest beginning in the field of dental waste management and we are confident that it will form a seed for many fruitful initiatives in this emerging field.
Uma Raman
Vidyaa Hari Iyer6
7Acknowledgments
Biomedical and dental waste management is relatively a new branch in the field of dentistry. It concerns all members of the dental profession and raises the level of concern towards the society and environment they strive to serve.
We take this opportunity to thank Mr A Kanakaraj, Chairman, Dr S Ramachandran, Principal and Dr R Gunaseelan, Professor, Ragas Dental College and Hospital, Chennai for their leadership and unstinting support for the vision of a sustainable Biomedical and Dental Waste Management Program.
This program is a success only because of the whole-hearted co-operation and dedicated participation of the teaching staff, undergraduate and postgraduate students, dental hygienists, nurses, technicians, auxiliary workers and office staff of Ragas Dental College and Hospital.
We are deeply indebted to our family and intimate friends. Without their support and blessings this book would have not seen the light of day.
Our profound thanks extend to all those benefactors named and unnamed to whom we dedicate this book.