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Practical Cases in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Kanan Yelikar
PART 1: OBSTETRICS
1:
Abortions
2:
Pregnancy Induced Hypertension
3:
APH
4:
Anemia in Pregnancy: Modern Aspects of Diagnosis and Therapy
DEFINITION
PHYSIOLOGICAL ANEMIA OF PREGNANCY
IMPACT OF ANEMIA ON PREGNANCY
IRON STATUS OF INFANTS AT BIRTH
APPROACH TO DIAGNOSIS OF ANEMIA IN PREGNANCY
PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
LABORATORY APPROACH FOR DIAGNOSIS OF ANEMIA
CLASSIFICATION AND ETIOLOGY
IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA
Sources of Dietary Iron
Dietary Iron Bioavailability and Types of Iron Diets
THERAPEUTIC OPTIONS
ORAL IRON THERAPY
Non Responders to Oral Therapy
Blood Transfusion Guidelines
PARENTERAL IRON THERAPY
Indications for Parenteral Iron
INTRAMUSCULAR
Dose (Holly)
INTRAVENOUS THERAPY
Indications
Calculation of the total dose of iron:
Side Effects
MEGALOBLASTIC ANEMIA IN PREGNANCY
Predisposing factors that may lead to folic acid deficiency anemia in pregnancy
Tests for macrocytic anemias (Folate and Vitamin B12 deficiency):
TREATMENT OF FOLATE DEFICIENCY ANEMIA
TREATMENT OF VITAMIN B12 DEFICIENCY ANEMIA
HEMOGLOBINOPATHIES (Inherited abnormalities of hemoglobin production)
α- and β- Thalassemia Trait
SICKLE CELL DISEASE IN PREGNANCY
Management
Indications for transfusion
Complications
ROLE OF ERYTHROPOIETIN IN PREGNANCY
APLASTIC ANEMIA IN PREGNANCY
Etiopathogenesis
OBSTETRIC MANAGEMENT OF ANEMIC PATIENTS
Antenatal period
Management of second stage of labor
Active management of third stage of labor
Postpartum period
DEFINITION AND CLASSIFICATION
History
Obstetrical history:
Frently asked questions:
5:
Heart Disease in Pregnancy
6:
Diabetes Mellitus in Pregnancy
7:
Antenatal Care
NEED FOR ANTENATAL CARE
NONSTRESS TEST
CONTRACTION STRESS TEST
BIOPHYSICAL PROFILE
8:
Normal Labor
9:
Partograms
INTRODUCTION
HISTORY
Illustrative Partogram
Contents
Interpretations
Results
Programmed Labor
Questions
10:
High Risk Pregnancy
11:
PROM
12:
Postdatism
13:
Previous Cesarean Section
14:
Rh Negative Mother
15:
Preterm Labor
16:
HIV Infection during Pregnancy
FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS
17:
Grand Multipara and Obstructed Labor
HISTORY
GRAND MULTIPARA (FAQ)
18:
Occipito Posterior Position
19:
Breech Presentation
20:
Transverse Lie/Shoulder Presentation
21:
Obstructed Labor
22:
Third Stage Complications
PPH
Quick clinical review
Management started simultaneously on all fronts
Causes:
Retained placenta
Three Clinical Types
Inversion of Uterus
When uterus is turned inside out. It is acute, following normal delivery
FAQS
Postpartum Shock
23:
Multiple Pregnancy
24:
Drugs in Obstetrics
HISTORY
EXAMINATION
QUESTIONS
25:
Induction of Labor
26:
Operative Delivery: Forceps and Ventouse
FORCEPS
27:
Contraception
28:
Ultrasonography in Obstetrics
29:
IUGR
CASE STUDY
Investigations:
FAQS ON THIS CASE:
30:
Maternal Mortality
PART 2: GYNECOLOGY
31:
Gestational Trophoblastic Neoplasia
HISTORY
EXAMINATION
ULTRASOUND
Choriocarcinoma:
Invasive mole:
Clinical Features
32:
Ectopic Pregnancy
DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT
Definition
Etioloty of ectopic pregnancy
Reasons for increased rates of ectopic
Relation between IUCD and ectopic
Indication for MTX use
Methotrexate regimen
Follow up after MTX injection
Success rate of MTX regimen
What is the future pregnancy outcome
Future fertility rate with laparoscopy/ laparotomy
Recurrence rate of ectopic with milking of the tube
Criteria to diagnose primary abdominal pregnancy
Sonographic criteria to diagnose abdominal pregnancy
Spielberg criteria (ovarian pregnancy)
Cervical pregnancy (Rutherford criteria)
33:
Vaginitis
HISTORY PERTAINING TO THE CONDITION
ASK about
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
34:
Sexually Transmitted Infection
EARLY SYPHILIS
LATE SYPHILIS
35:
Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding
HISTORY
Menstrual
Associated Problems
Other Attributes
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS—ONE BEST ANSWER (MCQs)
36:
Amenorrhea
37:
Endometriosis
SYMPTOMS
Pain
Infertility
Menstrual symptoms
Other symptoms
Medical history
Physical examination
Diagnosis
Laparoscopy
Differential diagnosis of endometriosis by symptom
Dysmenorrhea
Dyspareunia
Infertility
Drug
How it works?
Progestins as a treatment for endometriosis
How it works?
Does its use after surgery has any role?
Use in recurrent endometriosis
Danazol as a treatment for endometriosis
How it helps?
GnRH-agonists as a treatment for endometriosis
How they work?
NSAIDs
How they help?
Surgery
Laparoscopy
Laparotomy
Primary Prevention of Endometriosis:
38:
Menopause
39:
Hormones and Allied Medications in Gynecology
INTRODUCTION
INDICATIONS
COMMON HORMONES USED IN CLINICAL PRACTICE
DETAILS OF HORMONES AND THEIR CLINICAL APPLICATIONS
Estrogens
Progestogens
Androgens
Antiestrogens
Antiprogesterones
Antiandrogens
Pituitary gonadotropins
GnRH and analogues
Bromocryptine
Thyroid deficiency
40:
Genital Prolapse
41:
Uterine Fibroids
FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS
42:
The Infertile Couple
UNCOMMON
43:
Ovarian Tumors
TYPES
POINTS TO BE NOTED IN HISTORY
GENERAL EXAMINATION
PER ABDOMEN EXAMINATION
PER SPECULUM EXAMINATION
PER VAGINUM EXAMINATION
PER RECTAL EXAMINATION
CONFIRMATION OF DIAGNOSIS
QUESTIONS
44:
Cancer of Cervix
45:
Endometrial Carcinoma
Multiple Choice Questions
46:
Endoscopy
INDEX
TOC
Index
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