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Chapter-12 Diseases of kidney and urinary tract

BOOK TITLE: Partha’s Fundamentals of Pediatrics

Author
1. Vijayakumar M
2. Nammalwar BR
3. Prahlad N
4. Sripathi V
5. Tamilarasi V
ISBN
9788184480214
DOI
10.5005/jp/books/10588_12
Edition
1/e
Publishing Year
2007
Pages
44
Author Affiliations
1. Kanchi Kamakoti CHILDS Trust Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, Kanchi Kamakoti, Childs Trust Hospital, Chennai, Government Medical College, Manjeri, Kerala, India, Pediatric Kidney Foundation, Chennai, Dr Mehta’s Hospitals Pvt Ltd., Chennai, Government Medical College, Kozhikode, Kerala, India, Mehta Children’s Hospital, Chetpet, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, Government Medical College, Kozhikode, Kerela, India, Mehta Children’s Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, Mehta’s Children Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, Mehta Children’s Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, Dr. Mehta’s Hospital; Chennai Pediatric Kidney Foundation, Chennai, India, Chennai Pediatric Kidney Foundation, Dr Mehta’s Hospitals Pvt. Ltd, Chennai, National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow-226 001, India, Medical College, Alappey, Kerala, Manipal Institute of Nephrology and Urology, Manipal Hospital, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
2. Institute of Child Health, Hospital for Children and Dr Mehta’s Children’s Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, Kanchi Kamakoti CHILDS, Trust Hospital, Chennai, Mehta's Multispeciality Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, Kanchi Kamakoti CHILDS Trust Hospital, Chennai, Mehta Children’s Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, Institute of Child Health, Hospital for Children; Mehta Children Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, Kanchi Kamakoti CHILDS Trust Hospital, Chennai, India, Kanchi Kamakoti CHILDS Trust Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
3. Kanchi Kamakoti CHILDS Trust Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, Dr. Mehta’s Hospital; Chennai Pediatric Kidney Foundation, Chennai, India, Mehta Children’s Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, Dr Mehta’s Hospital, Chennai
4. Kanchi Kamakoti CHILDS Trust Hospital, Sundaram Medical Foundation, 1Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, Kanchi Kamakoti CHILDS Trust Hospital, Chennai, Apollo Children’s Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu
5. Institute of Child Health and Hospital for Children, Madras Medical College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, Christian Medical College Hospital, Dr Ida Scudder Road, Vellore, Tamilnadu
Chapter keywords
serum creatinine¸ younger children¸ perfusion¸ arterial occlusions, nephrotoxic drugs, ACE inhibitors, obstruction, surgery, urine output¸ second attacks¸ hypertension, renal bone¸ diseased kidney¸ kidney transplantation, verumontanum¸ antenatal diagnosis, renal scarring¸ cystourethrogram, submucosal tunnel¸ bladder pressure, scar formation

Abstract

This chapter discusses various child diseases of kidney and urinary tract in detail. Acute nephritic syndrome can be treated by the judicious use of dietary and fluid restriction, together with improvements in the drug therapy used to prevent and control complications, has greatly reduced the mortality and morbidity of the disease. Newly diagnosed nephrotic syndrome (NS) child should have mantoux test done because the steroid therapy received may disseminate a tuberculous infection. The goal of long-term management in this disease is to induce and maintain remission from the active NS while minimizing the side effects of the medications. Hypertension is investigated by urine analysis, serum electrolytes, renal biopsy, and ultrasonogram of abdomen. In symptomatic children for rapid absorption, nifedipine must be first removed from the capsule or the patient must bite through the capsule 0. 5 mg of nifedipine should be administered sublingually and can be repeated twice at 30 minutes interval.

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