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Pediatric Fracture Management
Atul R Bhaskar
1:
Fractures of the Upper Extremity
A. CLAVICLE
i. Shaft Fractures
Indications for Surgery
ii. Fractures of the Medial (Sternal end) of Clavicle
iii. Fractures of the Distal (Acromial end) of the Clavicle
B. HUMERUS
i. Fractures of the Proximal Humerus Epiphysis
ALGORITHM FOR MANAGEMENT OF PROXIMAL HUMERUS FRACTURES
ii. Diaphyseal Humerus Fractures
iii. Distal Humerus Fractures
a. Supracondylar Fractures
Special Situations
FLEXION TYPE
ALGORITHM FOR MANAGEMENT OF SUPRACONDYLAR FRACTURE
b. Dual Fractures
c. Intercondylar Fractures
Classification
d. Transcondylar Fractures
Lateral Condyle Injuries
Classification
ALGORITHM FOR MANAGEMENT OF LATERAL CONDYLE FRACTURES
f. Medial Epicondyle Injuries
g. Medial Condylar Fractures
C. ELBOW REGION
i. Dislocations
Classification
ii. Pulled Elbow
iii. Radial Head and Neck Fractures
Classification
ALGORITHM FOR MANAGEMENT OF RADIAL HEAD FRACTURES
iv. Olecranon Fractures
Classification
D. FOREARM (RADIUS AND ULNA)
i. Radius and Ulna Fractures
ii. Dislocation of Radial Head
iii. Monteggia Fracture-Dislocation
Classification
Monteggia Equivalents
iv. Galleazzi's Fracture-Dislocation
v. Distal Radial Fractures and Epiphyseal Injury
E. HAND AND WRIST FRACTURES
i. Hand Injuries
ii. Phalangeal Fractures
iii. Ulnar Collateral Ligament Avulsion Fracture
iv. Radial Collateral Ligament
v. Metacarpophalangeal and Interphalangeal Dislocations
vi. Scaphoid Fracture
2:
Spine Fractures
DEVELOPMENT OF SPINE
Radiologic Classification
SPECIFIC INJURIES
F. Cervical Spine
i. Rotatory Subluxation of Cervical Spine
ii. C1: Fractures of the anterior and/or posterior arch (Figs 2.4 and 2.5).
iii. Dens Fracture
iv. Fracture Dislocation of Subaxial Spine
v. Cervical End-plate Injury
Halo Fixation
G. THORACOLUMBAR SPINE FRACTURES
i. Chance Fracture
ii. Burst Fractures
iii. Endplate Injuries (Apophyseal injuries)
3:
Pelvic Ring Fractures
PELVIC FRACTURE
Fracture Pattern Depends on the Mechanism of Injury
H. AVULSION FRACTURE OF THE PELVIS
I. ACETABULAR FRACTURES
4:
Fractures of the Lower Extremity
J. HIP DISLOCATION
K. FEMUR FRACTURES (PROXIMAL, SHAFT AND DISTAL FEMUR FRACTURES)
i. Proximal Femur Fractures
ii. Subtrochanteric Fractures
iii. Femoral Shaft Fractures
Classification
AGE-BASED ALGORITHM FOR TREATMENT OF FEMORAL SHAFT FRACTURES IN CHILDREN
iv. Distal Femoral Fractures
Classification
L. KNEE DISLOCATIONS
M. PATELLA
i. Patella Fracture
Classification
ii. Patella Dislocation
iii. Bipartite Patella
N. TIBIA FRACTURE
i. Fracture of Upper Tibial Physis
ii. Tibial Tubercle
Classification (Fig. 4.17)
iii. Tibial Spine Avulsion Injury
Meyer's / McKeever's Classification (Fig. 4.19)
ALGORITHM FOR MANAGEMENT OF TIBIAL SPINE INJURIES
iv. Fractures of Tibia
Classification
ALGORITHM FOR MANAGEMENT OF TIBIAL SHAFT FRACTURE IN CHILDREN
v. Proximal Tibial Metaphyseal Fractures
O. ANKLE INJURIES AND DISTAL TIBIAL FRACTURES
i. Distal Tibial Fracture
Classification: (Salter-Harris) (Fig. 4.24)
DIAS-TACHDJIAN CLASSIFICATION (PEDIATRIC COUNTERPART OF LAUGE-HANSEN CLASSIFICATION)
Supination Inversion (Fig. 4.25)
Pronation Eversion External Rotation (Fig. 4.26)
Supination External Rotation (Fig. 4.27)
Supination Plantarflexion (Fig. 4.28)
ii. Triplane Fracture of the Ankle
P. FRACTURES OF THE FOOT
i. Talar Fractures
Classification
Avulsions Fractures
ii. Osteochondritis Dissecans Lesion
Classification (Fig. 4.42)
iii. Lisfranc's Fracture Dislocation
iv. Calcaneum
Classification (Wiley and Profitt) (Fig. 4.44)
Bibliography
INDEX
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