Oral Pathology and Microbiology Solved Question Papers of RGUHS Rakesh Ponnala
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1Oral Pathology and Microbiology Solved Question Papers of Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences2
3Oral Pathology and Microbiology Solved Question Papers of Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences
Includes Course Contents Prescribed by the University
Ponnala Rakesh BDS HKE's S Nijalingappa Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Gulbarga (Karnataka)
4Published by
Jitendar P Vij
Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd
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Branches
Oral Pathology and Microbiology Solved Question Papers of RGUHS
© 2007, Ponnala Rakesh
All rights reserved. No part of this publication should be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means: electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the editor and the publisher.
This book has been published in good faith that the material provided by contributors is original. Every effort is made to ensure accuracy of material, but the publisher, printer and editor will not be held responsible for any inadvertent error(s). In case of any dispute, all legal matters to be settled under Delhi jurisdiction only.
First Edition: 2007
9788184480511
Typeset at JPBMP typesetting unit
Printed at Replica
5
To
My parents
SRI. PONNALA RAMAIAH
&
SMT. PONNALA ARUNDHATHI
Whose vision has always been a source of strength for me
6
7FOREWORD
Oral Pathology is an important branch of dentistry. This book is designed to help the under graduate students for their examinations. I have great pleasure in writing a foreword to this book.
Dr. Rakesh in this short book describes the method of answering the questions of “Oral pathology and microbiology” based on merited points and illustrations.
He selected all the previous original question papers set by RGUHS, Bangalore as model papers. In the process, he answered a few hundreds of questions and showed the way for correct presentation of answering technique. I am certain that this book titled “Oral Pathology and Microbiology Solved Question Papers of RGUHS” would help many of the students of dental surgery for a quick analysis and understanding of commonly asked questions.
I wish him all the success in his endeavours.
PS Patil
Principal
Head Department of Prosthodontics
HKE's S.N. Institute of Dental Sciences and Research
Gulbarga
8
9PREFACE
Dear students,
The over enthusiasing response of my first book in dental materials is what made me to come up with the same sort of book even for the third year students. When I was in my BDS third year, I could see a large number of good books in the subject of Oral Pathology but I hardly found any book which focused on examination point of view. During the examination period, I used to approach my professors always to find out the answers for some of the difficult questions among previous year papers, which used to consume me a lot of time and create unnecessary tension. At that time I felt there would have been a book containing all solved papers. I noticed the same kind of situation even for my juniors when I was in my Internship. Hence, I decided to write a book containing all solved papers of RGUHS. My basic idea of writing this book is not only get the student familiar with the usually asked type of questions but also give them a clear picture in their minds of an answer for a particular question, to focus on the priority points and to write a better answer in his examination. This book is focused not only keeping in view of an average student but also a topper. This book in overall acts like a comprehensive manual that can be easily handled during examinations. It contains all the solved question papers of RGUHS including the revised scheme papers. The questions that are repeated are referred. I used all my possible efforts to write a very best answer to a question.
Wishing you all a massive success in examination.
Ponnala Rakesh
Deardentist4u@yahoo.co.in
10
11ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 15UNIVERSITY EXAMINATION PATTERN (FOR REVISED SCHEME)  
 
Eligibility for writing University Examination
The candidate should have atleast 35% aggregate in the two of the three internals (theory and practical separately) conducted by the college and should have minimum 80% attendance (theory and practical classes separately) in the classes conducted.
 
Criteria for passing the University Examination
The candidate should pass the theory and practical examinations separately. His/Her aggregate should be minimum 50% in the university examination.
 
Theory examination
It is of 150 marks in total, which consist of
University Examination
100 marks
University viva voce
25 marks
Theory internals
25 marks
 
University Examination Scheme
There shall be one paper carrying 100 marks.
The pattern of questions would be of three types.
 
Scheme of examination
Contents
Type of questions and marks
Marks
Both questions from oral pathology only
Long essays
20
2 ×10 marks
a. 8 questions on oral pathology
Short essays
50
b. 2 questions on oral microbiology
10×5 marks
a. 6 questions on oral pathology
Short answers
30
b. 4 questions on oral microbiology
10 × 3 marks
Total
100
 
Practical examination
It is of 100 marks in total, which consists of
University practical
75 marks
Practical internals
25 marks.
16
 
COURSE CONTENTS
 
Based on Revised Scheme Pattern
  1. Developmental Disturbances of Oral and Paraoral Structures:
    1. Developmental disturbances of Jaws
      • Agnathia, micrognathia, macrognathia, facial hemihypertrophy, facial hemiatrophy.
    2. Developmental disturbances of lips and palate
      • Congenital lip pits and commissural pits and fistulas
      • Double lip, cleft lip, cleft palate, cheilitis glandularis, cheilitis granulomatosa, hereditary intestinal polyposis, hereditary melanotic macule.
    3. Developmental disturbances of oral mucosa
      • Fordyce's granules
      • Focal epithelial hyperplasia
    4. Developmental disturbances of gingiva
      • Fibromatosis gingiva, retrocuspid papilla
    5. Developmental disturbances of tongue
      • Macroglossia, microglossia, ankyloglossia, cleft tongue, fissured tongue, median rhomboid glossitis, benign migratory glossitis, hairy tongue.
    6. Developmental disturbances of oral lymphoid tissue:
      • Reactive lymphoid aggregates
      • Lymphoid hamartoma
      • Angiolymphoid hyperplasia
      • Lymphoepithelial cyst
    7. Developmental disturbances of salivary glands:
      • Aplasia, xerostomia, hyperplasia of the palatal glands, atresia, aberrancy, Stafne's cyst
    8. Development disturbances in size of teeth:
      • Microdontia, macrodontia.
    9. Developmental disturbances in the shape of the teeth:
      • Fusion, germination, concrescence, dilacerations, Talon's Cusp, dens in dente, dens evaginatus, taurodontism, supernumerary roots, enameloma
    10. Developmental disturbances in number of teeth
      • Anodontia, supernumerary teeth, predecidious and postpermanent dentition
    11. Developmental disturbances in structure of teeth.
      • Amelogenesis imperfecta, enamel hypoplasia, dentinogenesis imperfecta, dentinal dysplasia, regional odontodysplasia, shell teeth:
    12. Developmental disturbances in eruption of teeth:
      • Premature eruptions, eruption sequestrum, delayed eruption, multiple unerupted teeth, submerged teeth.
        17
    13. Developmental/fissural cysts of the oral cavity
      • Median palatal cyst, globulomaxillary cyst, median mandibular cyst, nasoalveolar cyst, palatal cyst of neonates, thyroglossal duct cyst, epidermoid, and dermoid cyst, nasopalatine cyst.
  2. Benign and Malignant Tumors of the Oral Cavity
    1. Benign tumors of epithelial tissue origin
      • Papilloma, keratoacanthoma, naevus.
    2. Premalignant lesions and conditions.
    3. Malignant tumors of epithelial tissue origin
      • Basal cell carcinoma, epidermoid carcinoma (TNM staging), verrucous carcinoma, malignant melanoma.
    4. Benign tumors of connective tissue origin:
      • Fibroma, giant cell fibroma, peripheral and central ossifying chondromyxoma, osteoma, osteoid osteoma, benign osteoblastoma, tori and multiple exostoses.
    5. Tumor like lesions of connective tissue origin:
      • Peripheral and central giant cell granuloma
      • Pyogenic granuloma
    6. Malignant tumors of connective tissue origin:
      • Fibrosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, Kaposi's sarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma, Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, Burkitt's lymphoma, multiple myeloma, solitary plasma cell myeloma.
    7. Benign tumors of muscle tissue origin:
      • Leiomyoma, rhabdomyoma, congenital epulis of newborn, granular cell myoblastoma.
    8. Benign and malignant tumors of nerve tissue origin:
      • Neurofibroma, neurilemmoma, traumatic neuroma, melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy, malignant schwannoma.
    9. Metastatic tumors of jaws and soft tissues of oral cavity.
  3. Tumors of the Salivary Glands
    Classification:
    1. Benign tumors
      • Pleomorphic adenoma
      • Monomorphic adenomas
      • Warthin's tumor
      • Basal cell adenoma
      • Canalicular adenoma
      • Necrotising sialometaplasia
    2. Malignant tumors of the salivary glands
      • Malignant pleomorphic adenoma
        18
      • Adenoid cystic carcinoma
      • Acinic cell carcinoma
      • Mucoepidermoid carcinoma
      • Clear cell carcinoma
    3. Non-neoplastic enlargement of salivary glands
      • Sjogrens syndrome
      • Mickulicz's disease
  4. Cysts and Tumors of Odontogenic Origin
    • Introduction and classification
    • Primordial cyst, odontogenic keratocyst, dentigerous cyst, dental lamina cyst of newborn, gingival cyst of adults, calcifying odontogenic cyst, radicular cyst.
  5. Tumors of Odontogenic Origin
    • Classification
      1. Ectodermal tumors – Ameloblastoma, calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor, adenomatoid odontogenic tumor.
      2. Mesenchymal tumors – Peripheral and central odontogenic fibroma, odontogenic myxoma, periapical cemental dysplasia, benign cementoblastoma, gigantiform cementoma, dentinoma.
      3. Mixed tumors of odontogenic origin – Ameloblastic fibroma, ameloblastic fibro-odontoma, odontoma, teratoma.
  6. Regressive Alterations of Teeth
    1. Attrition, abrasion, erosion
    2. Dentinal sclerosis, dead tracts, secondary dentin, pulp calcifications
    3. Resorption of teeth (internal and external)
    4. Hypercementosis and cementicles
  7. Infections of the Oral Cavity
    1. Bacterial – Scarlet fever, diphtheria, tuberculosis, Syphilis actinomycosis, Tetanus, Noma.
    2. Viral – Herpes simples, recurrent aphthous stomatitis, Behchet's syndrome, Reiter's syndrome, measles, mumps, rubella, chicken pox, herpes zoster, cytomegalic inclusion disease, HIV and oral manifestations of AIDS.
    3. Fungal – Candidiasis, histoplasmosis, phycomycosis and rhinosporidosis.
  8. Dental Caries
    • Theories
    • Clinical features
      19
    • Histopathology
    • Immunology
    • Caries activity tests
    • Factors influencing caries
  9. Diseases of the Pulp and Periapical Tissues
    1. Diseases of the dental Pulp
      • Pulpitis, focal reversible pulpitis, chronic pulpitis, pulp polyp.
    2. Diseases of the periapical tissues
      • Periapical granuloma, periapical abscess, periapical cyst
    3. Osteomyelitis
      • Acute suppurative osteomyelitis, chronic focal and diffuse sclerosing osteomyelitis, Garre's osteomyelitis.
  10. Spread of Oral Infection
    1. Cellulitis, Ludwig's angina, intracranial complication of dental infection, maxillary sinusitis, focal inferior and foci of infection (definition, mechanism and significance)
  11. Physical and Chemical Injuries of the Oral Cavity
    1. Physical injuries of teeth
      Bruxism, ankylosis
    2. Physical injuries of bone
      Traumatic cyst
    3. Physical injuries of soft tissues
      Traumatic ulcer, denture injuries of the mucosa, mucous retention phenomena.
    4. Chemical injuries of oral cavity
      • Aspirin burn
      • Lead, mercury and bismuth poisoning
      • Acrodynia
      • Silver
      • Dilantin sodium enlargement
      • Tetracycline
      • Angioneurotic edema
      • Stomatitis medicamentosa and nicotina
      • Effects for radiation of bone and oral mucosa.
  12. Healing of Oral Wounds
    • Factors affecting the healing of wounds
    • Biopsy and healing of the biopsy wound, biopsy techniques, processing of tissues with a brief account of routine stains used.
      20
    • Basic aspects of cytology process - Indications, staining of cytosmears, interpretation of cytosmear.
    • Healing of extraction wound and dry socket
    • Healing of fracture
    • Reimplantation and transplantation of teeth.
  13. Disease of Bone
    • Osteogenesis imperfecta, infantile cortical hyperostosis, cleidocranal dysplasia, craniofacial dysostosis, mandibulofacial dysostosis, Pierre-Robin syndrome, Marfan's syndrome, Down's syndrome, Osteopetrosis, achondroplasia, Paget's disease, fibrous dysplasia, cherubism, histiocytosis-x-disease.
  14. Blood Dyscrasias
    • Clinicopathological aspects of anemias, leukemias, purpura, polycythemia, leukopenia, neutropenia, agranulocytosis, infectious mononucleosis, hemophilia.
  15. Diseases of Periodontology
    • Stains, calculus, microbiology, plaque
    • Gingivitis, ANUG, Gingival hyperplasia, periodontitis, juvenile periodontitis.
  16. Diseases of Skin
    • Hereditary ectodermal dysplasia, chondroectodermal dysplasia, lichen planus, pemphigus, benign mucous membrane pemphigoid, psoriasis, erythema multiformae, dyskeratosis congenital, white sponge naevus, hereditary benign intraepithelial dyskeratosis, epidermolysis bullosa, scleroderma, lupus erythematoses.
  17. Normal Oral Microbial Flora
  18. Defense Mechanisms of the Oral Cavity
 
PRACTICALS
  1. Identification of hard and soft tissue specimens
  2. Demonstration of cytosmear and bacteriology smear
  3. Identification of microscopic slides of various oral lesions
 
Identification of the histopathologic slides of the following lesions:
  1. Pit and fissure caries
  2. Smooth surface caries
    21
  3. Dental caries – liquefaction foci
  4. Pulp hyperemia
  5. Pulp Polyp
  6. Pulpitis – Pulp abscess
  7. Periapical granuloma – Early cyst formation
  8. Primordial cyst
  9. Dentigerous cyst
  10. Radicular cyst
  11. Cholesterol clefts
  12. Cholesterol crystals
  13. Rushton bodies
  14. Calcifying epithelial odontogenic cyst
  15. Aneurysmal bone cyst
  16. Mucocele
  17. Hyperkeratosis
  18. Leukoplakia
  19. Candidal leukoplakia
  20. Carcinoma-in situ
  21. Oral submucous fibrosis (H/E)
  22. Oral submucous fibrosis (VG)
  23. Fordyce's spot
  24. White sponge nevus
  25. Papilloma
  26. Fibroma
  27. Lipoma
  28. Capillary hemangioma
  29. Cavernous hemangioma
  30. Lymphangioma
  31. Neurilemmoma
  32. Poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma
  33. Moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma
  34. Well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma
  35. Verrucous carcinoma
  36. Malignant melanoma
  37. Osteosarcoma
  38. Verruciform xanthoma
  39. Pyogenic granuloma
  40. Congenital epulis
  41. Fibrous dysplasia
  42. Ossifying fibroma
    22
  43. Paget's disease
  44. Osteomyelitis (acute)
  45. Osteomyelitis (chronic)
  46. Cancellous osteoma
  47. Peripheral giant cell granuloma
  48. Central gaint cell granuloma
  49. Ameloblastoma (follicular)
  50. Ameloblastoma (Plexiform)
  51. Ameloblastoma (Granular cell variant)
  52. Adenomatoid odontogenic tumour
  53. Cementifying fibroma (immature)
  54. Cementoblastoma
  55. Ameloblastic fibroma (H/E)
  56. Compound odontome
  57. Pleomorphic adenoma
  58. Pleomorphic adenoma with metaplastic areas
  59. Warthin's tumour
  60. Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (high grade)
  61. Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (low grade)
  62. Adenoid cystic carcinoma (PAS)
  63. Necrotizing sialometaplasia
  64. Lichen planus with civatte bodies
  65. Pemphigus.
 
MUST KNOW
  1. Ultrastructural features, Immunohistochemistry of mucocutaneous lesions, viral infections and carcinomas.
  2. Basics of immunology.
  3. Different type of microscopy used in the diagnosis of oral lesions.
  4. Syndromes.