Index

Mastering the Presbyopic Surgery Lenses and Phakic IOLs Ashok Garg, Emanuel Rosen, JT Lin, Frank Jozef Goes

SECTION 1: LENS HISTORY, PRELIMM CONSIDERATIONS AND IOL POWER CALCULATIONS
CHAPTER 1:History of Phakic IOLs
- EARLY DEVELOPMENTS
- ORIGIN OF MODERN PHAKIC IOLs
CHAPTER 2:Patient Preoperative Evaluation and Selection
- INTRODUCTION
- GENERAL FEATURES
- SPECIFIC OPHTHALMIC EXAMINATION
  - Pupillometry
  - Anatomical Evaluation
- SUMMARY
CHAPTER 3:Informed Consent for Phakic Implant Surgery: ICL™
- INTRODUCTION
- ALTERNATIVES TO PHAKIC IMPLANT SURGERY
  - Non-surgical Alternatives
  - Surgical Alternatives including Laser
- GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF TREATMENT WITH PHAKIC IMPLANT SURGERY
- BENEFITS OF PHAKIC IMPLANT SURGERY
- LIMITATIONS OF PHAKIC IMPLANT SURGERY
- PATIENT RESPONSIBILITY FOR COSTS
- PATIENT CONSENT
  - Complications of Iridotomy
    - Vision-threatening Complications
    - Non-vision-threatening Complications
- PATIENT'S STATEMENT OF ACCEPTANCE AND UNDERSTANDING
CHAPTER 4:AC-OCT Preoperative Evaluation of the Anterior Chamber for Phakic IOLs
- INTRODUCTION
- OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY TECHNOLOGY FOR THE ANTERIOR CHAMBER
- INTEREST OF THE AC-OCT AND THE STUDY OF ACCOMMODATION WHEN IMPLANTING PHAKIC IOLs
- SUMMARY
CHAPTER 5:Comparing Methods of IOL Power Calculations
- INTRODUCTION
- IOL POWER FORMULAS
  - Theoretical Formulas
  - Regression Formulas
- THE ESTIMATED IOL POSITION (ELP)
- ACCURACY OF IOL POWER CALCULATION
- THE NEW GENERATION FORMULAS
- IOL POWER IN APHAKIC EYE
- IOL POWER IN PHAKIC AND PIGGYBACK IOL
- PIGGYBACK IOL POWER
- ACCOMMODATING IOL (AIOL)
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 6:Optics Gaussian Formulas for Phakic and Piggyback IOLs
- INTRODUCTION
- TWO OPTICS FORMULAS (APHAKIC EYE)
- THE IOL POWER IN APHAKIA
- CONVERSION FUNCTION
  - Clinical Application
- THREE-OPTICS FORMULAS (IN PHAKIC EYE)
- COMPARISON OF 2-OPTICS AND 3-OPTICS
- EXAMPLES OF PIGGYBACK IOL
- THE CONVERSION FUNCTION FOR THREE-OPTICS
- COMPARING LIN AND HOLLADAY FORMULAS
- CONCLUSION
- APPENDIX (3-OPTICS FORMULAS)
  - IOL in Phakic Eye
  - Piggyback IOL
CHAPTER 7:Error Factors in IOL Power Calculations
- INTRODUCTION
- SUMMARY AND NOTATIONS
  - Notations
- CORNEAL POWER ERRORS
- IOL POSITION ERROR
- AXIAL LENGTH ERROR
- MIS-LABELING ERROR
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 8:Key Factors Determining the Estimated IOL Position
- INTRODUCTION
- APHAKIC VERSUS PHAKIC IOL
- THE ESTIMATED LENS POSITION (ELP)
- NONLINEAR GAUSSIAN FORMULA
  - The Classical Formula
  - The Modern Formula
- TRIPLE OPTIMIZATION
- NONLINER OPTIMIZATION
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 9:IOL Power Calculations for Children after Cataract Surgery
- INTRODUCTION
- REFRACTION POWER OF APHAKIC EYES
  - Age 3 and Up
  - Age 0 to 3
- PSEUDOPHAKIC EYE (AGE 0 TO 3)
- THE LIN'S DOUBLE RATE THEORY (M AND N)
  - Definitions
- CUSTOMIZED IOL POWER
  - The Adjusted IOL Power
- ADJUSTED FACTORS
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 10:The Mathematical Handbook for IOLs
- INTRODUCTION
- IOL POWER IN APHAKIA (2-OPTICS)
- CONVERSION FUNCTION
  - Conversion to Spectacle Power
  - IOL Power (P) vs Spectacle Power (Ds)
- THREE-OPTICS IOL SYSTEM
- ACCOMMODATIVE IOL
  - Two-optics Formulas (Lin, 2005)
  - Three-optics Formulas (Lin, 2006)
- DESIGN OF ASPHERICAL IOLs
- IOL FOR PEDIATRIC EYES
- CONCLUSION
SECTION 2: PRESBYOPIA (ACCOMMODATING AND ASPHERIC) LENSES: TYPES AND SURGICAL TECHNIQUES
CHAPTER 11:Pearls of Presbyopic Lens Surgery
- INTRODUCTION
- INDICATIONS FOR PRELEX
- PRELEX ADVANTAGES
  - Alcon's ReSTOR Intraocular Lens (IOL) Allowing PRELEX Patients to See Both Near and Far without Reading Glasses !
    - The Benefits of the ReSTOR Lens
  - Module of Multifocal Lenses
    - Contraindications for Multifocal Lenses
- FUTURE PROSPECTS
CHAPTER 12:The Principles of Accommodative IOLs
- INTRODUCTION
- CATEGORIES OF AIOL
- THE BASIC PRINCIPLES
  - Single-optics IOL (Fig. 12.2)
  - Dual-optics IOL (refer to Fig. 12.4)
- DISCUSSION OF SINGLE-OPTICS IOL
- THREE-OPTICS SYSTEM (IN PHAKIA)
- OPTIMAL IOL DESIGN
- CONCLUSION
- APPENDIX (SINGLE-OPTICS IOL)
CHAPTER 13:Analysis of Intraocular Behavior of Accommodative Intraocular Lenses
- INTRODUCTION
- THREE-DIMENSIONAL ULTRASOUND BIOMICROSCOPY
- STRETCHING DEVICE FOR IN VITRO EXPERIMENTS
  - In Vitro Findings
    - Accommodative 1CU
    - CrystaLens AT-45
  - In Vivo Investigations
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 14:Accommodative IOLs: Efficiency and Optimal Designs
- INTRODUCTION
- SINGLE-OPTICS ACCOMMODATION (IN APHAKIA)
- DISCUSSIONS OF APHAKIC-IOL
- THREE-OPTICS ACCOMMODATION (IN PHAKIA)
- PHAKIC IOL AT EMMETROPIC STATE
- OPTIMAL IOL DESIGN
- CONCLUSION
- APPENDIX
CHAPTER 15:Ray-tracing Analysis of Accommodating IOLs
- INTRODUCTION
- THE METHOD OF CALCULATING ACCOMMODATION IN EYES WITH SINGLE-OPTIC ACCOMMODATING IOL
- ACCOMMODATION OBTAINED PER 1 MM FORWARD MOVEMENT IOL HIGHLY CORRELATES WITH IOL POWER
- METHODS TO ENHANCE THE EFFECT OF ACCOMMODATING lOLs; DOUBLE-OPTIC IOL, COMBINATION OF CORNEAL SURGERY AND IOL
- APPENDIX 1
- APPENDIX 2
CHAPTER 16:Dual Optics Accommodating IOLs
- INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER 17:High Efficiency Dual Optics Accommodating IOLs
- INTRODUCTION
- THE ACCOMMODATING RATE (M)
- PERFORMANCE AND CONFIGURATIONS
  - Definition
    - Example 1 (Fig. 17.3A)
    - Example 2 (Figs 17.3B and C)
  - Maximal Accommodation
- SOURCE ABERRATION
- CONCLUSION
- APPENDIX: DERIVATION OF LIN'S M FORMULA
  - Case (1): Front Optics Mobile
  - Case (2): Back Optics Mobile
CHAPTER 18:Presbyopia Correction with “Newlife” Multifocal Phakic Implant
- INTRODUCTION
- NEWLIFE BIFOCAL PHAKIC IMPLANT
- ANTERIOR CHAMBER DIMENSION
- RESULTS
- ANATOMICAL RESULTS: INCIDENTS AND COMPLICATIONS
- SUMMARY
CHAPTER 19:Presbyopia Corrections: Laser vs Nonlaser
- INTRODUCTION
- THE AGE EFFECTS OF HUMAN EYES
- PRESBYOPIA TREATMENT TECHNIQUES
- OTHER TECHNOLOGIES FOR PRESBYOPIA
- THE MECHANISMS
- THE LIN-KADAMBI HYPOTHESIS
- ANALYSIS OF ACCOMMODATION
- THE TWO COMPONENT THEORY
- PRESBYOPIA-LASIK (PSEUDOACCOMMODATION)
- COMBINE LASER AND MEDICINE
- NEW DIRECTIONS
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 20:Customized Aspherical IOLs
- INTRODUCTION
- ASPHERICITY COMPENSATION
- CODDINGTON SHAPE FACTOR (S)
- THE 3-OPTICS ASPHERICITY
- COMPARING WITH WANG RESULTS
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 21:Aberration Free IOLs (Aspheric IOLs)
- INTRODUCTION
- UNDERSTANDING SPHERICAL ABERRATION
  - Spherical Aberrations in a Human Eye
    - In a Young Eye
    - In the Elderly Eye
- CONVENTIONAL SPHERICAL IOLs
- THE TECNIS LENS (AMO)
  - Fitting Philosophy
- THE ACRYSOF IQ (IMAGE QUALITY) (ALCON)
  - Fitting Philosophy
- AKREOS ADAPT AO (ADVANCED OPTIC) (BAUSCH & LOMB)
  - Fitting Philosophy
CHAPTER 22:Capsular Bag Refilling using Capsulotomy: Capturing Intraocular Lens
- INTRODUCTION
- REFILLING THE LENS CAPSULE WITH CAPSULOTOMY-CAPTURING INTRAOCULAR LENS
  - IOL
  - Surgical Procedure
- RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
  - Expected Mechanism of Accommodation
  - Enhancement of Accommodation-amplitude and PCO Prevention by Dual-optic
- SUMMARY
SECTION 3: PHAKIC IOLS: TYPES AND SURGICAL TECHNIQUES
CHAPTER 23:Evaluation of Phakic Lenses
- INTRODUCTION
- ANTERIOR CHAMBER PHAKIC LENSES
- ICARE Lens
  - Kelman Duet Lens
  - Artisan Lens
- POSTERIOR CHAMBER LENSES
CHAPTER 24:Custom ICLs
- INTRODUCTION
- THE CONCEPT OF CUSTOM PHAKIC IOL
- CUSTOM SIZING THE OVERALL LENGTH
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 25:Phakic Refractive Lens (PRL™) for Myopia and Hyperopia Correction
- INTRODUCTION
- HISTORY OF PRLs BACKGROUND AND DEVELOPMENT
- PATIENT SELECTION
- PREOPERATIVE PREPARATION
  - PRL Power Calculation
    - Vertex Chart
  - Iridectomy
    - Surgical
    - Laser
- INSTRUMENTATION (Fig. 25.8)
  - Handling the Implant
- SURGICAL STEPS
- OPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS
- UNUSUAL SITUATIONS AND POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS
  - IOP Increase on First or Second Day PO
  - Traumatic Catract (Lens Damage During Surgery)
- CONCLUSIONS
- PEDIATRIC USAGE
- FUTURE APPLICATIONS
- PRL IMPLANTATION FOR THE CORRECTION OF HIGH AMETROPIA
  - Informed Consent
    - The Risks and Possible Problems
CHAPTER 26:Anterior Chamber Phakic IOL with Angle Fixation
- ADVANTAGES
- HISTORY
- TYPES OF PHAKIC LENS
- INCLUSION CRITERIA
- SURGICAL TECHNIQUE
- COMPLICATIONS
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 27:Artisan, Toric Artisan and Artiflex Phakic Intraocular Lenses
- GENERAL DISCUSSION
  - What is a Phakic IOL?
- DIFFERENT TYPES OF PHAKIC IOLs (PIOLs)
  - Anterior Chamber PIOLs
  - Posterior Chamber PIOLs
- HISTORY
- QUALITIES OF THE ARTISAN SPHERIC PIOL
- ARTISAN TORIC PHAKIC INTRAOCULAR LENS
- ARTIFLEX FOLDABLE IRIS CLIP PIOL
- EFFECTS OF ARTISAN AND ARTIFLEX PHAKIC IOLs ON THE EYE
- A REVIEW OF THE BENEFITS OF THE ARTISAN OR ARTIFLEX PIOLs COMPARED TO OTHER PIOLs
- SUMMARY
CHAPTER 28:Phakic IOLs
- INTRODUCTION
- REFRACTIVE SURGERY
- ROLE OF PHAKIC IOLs
- INDICATIONS
- CONTRAINDICATIONS
- RETINAL EFFECTS OF PHAKIC IOLs
- STAAR COLLAMER ICL
- EXPERIENCE AT ROSEN EYE ASSOCIATES CLINIC MANCHESTER UK
  - Demography
    - Hyperopic Eyes
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 29:Phakic IOLs: Personal Experience with the Verisyse-Artisan, Veriflex-Artiflex Lens
- INTRODUCTION
- PHAKIC IOLs — HISTORY
- PATIENT SELECTION FOR PHAKIC IOLs IN MYOPIA
  - IOL Power Calculation
  - Preoperative Assessment
- COMPLICATIONS
- LITERATURE RESULTS VERISYSE ARTISAN-VERIFLEX-ARTIFLEX-TORIC PHAKIC IOL
- LITERATURE COMPARISON VERISYSE – OTHER IOLs
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 30:Diffractive Multifocal Intraocular Lenses
- INTRODUCTION
- THE DIFFRACTIVE PRINCIPLE
- DIFFRACTIVE MULTIFOCAL IOL AND CLINICAL RESULTS
CHAPTER 31:Multifocal Intraocular Lenses
- INTRODUCTION
- HISTORY
- PREOPERATIVE MANAGEMENT
- POSTOPERATIVE MANAGEMENT
- RESULTS
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 32:Customized IOLs: Possibilities and Limitations
- WHY CUSTOMIZED IOL?
- ARE ALL CORNEAL ERRORS CORRECTABLE BY AN IOL?
  - The General Problem
  - Residual Errors after Correcting Astigmatism
- SPHERICAL ABERRATION
- CHROMATIC ABERRATION
- SIMULATED OUTCOME OF CUSTOMIZED IOL
- THE MISALIGNMENT PROBLEM
CHAPTER 33:Clinical Analysis of ICL™-STAAR Posterior Chamber Intraocular Lenses
- INTRODUCTION
- PATIENT SELECTION
- ICL SELECTION AND IMPLANTATION
- ICL
- COMPLICATIONS
CHAPTER 34:Pearls of Multifocal Refractive Lenses
- INTRODUCTION
- MULTIFOCAL IOLs
- MULTIFOCAL IOLs AND MICRO-INCISION CATARACT SURGERY
SECTION 4: COMPLICATIONS AND THEIR MANAGEMENT
CHAPTER 35:Phakic Refractive Lens (PRL™): Precautions and Complicatios
- INTRODUCTION
- PRECAUTIONS
- COMPLICATIONS
CHAPTER 36:Complications of Iris-supported Phakic IOLs
- CORE MESSAGES
- INTRODUCTION
- IRIS SUPPORTED PHAKIC INTRAOCULAR LENSES
- CHARACTERISTICS OF DIFFERENT MODELS OF IRIS SUPPORTED PHAKIC IOLs
- SELECTION OF PATIENTS
- SURGERY
- COMPLICATIONS
- CONCLUSIONS
  - Take Home Pearls
CHAPTER 37:Pitfalls of Phakic IOLs: How to Avoid Them?
- INTRODUCTION
- IOL MANUFACTURERS
- MYOPIA
- HYPEROPIA
  - Patient Manifestation
  - Complications
- ENDOPHTHALMITIS
- OPTICAL QUALITY
  - Objective Assessment of Optical Quality
- WHAT IS FUNCTIONAL VISION?
CHAPTER 38:Retinal Complications of Intraocular Phakic Anterior Chamber Lenses
- RETINAL COMPLICATIONS OF HIGH MYOPIA
- RETINAL DETACHMENT IN HIGHLY MYOPIC PATIENTS CORRECTED BY PIOL
- CHOROIDAL NEOVASCULARIZATION IN HIGHLY MYOPIC PATIENTS CORRECTED BY PIOL
- CONCLUSION
SECTION 5: RECENT ADVANCES AND FUTURE PROSPECTS IN PRESBYOPIC AND PHAKIC LENSES
CHAPTER 39:Implantation of Phakic Refractive Lenses (PRL) in Pediatric/Myopic Eyes Associated with Scleral Reinforcement Surgery
- INTRODUCTION
- PATIENTS AND METHODS
  - Patients
  - Surgical Procedure
- RESULTS
- DISCUSSION
CHAPTER 40:Multifocal IOLs in Children: A Long-term Analysis
- PEDIATRIC CATARACT SURGERY
- CAN CHILDREN AND INFANTS MANAGE MULTIFOCALITY?
- MULTIFOCAL IOLs IN CHILDREN
- PERIOPERATIVE ROUTINE AND SELECTION OF ANESTHETIC AGENTS
- OCULOCARDIAC REFLEX
- SURGICAL TECHNIQUE
- POSTERIOR RHEXIS AND VITRECTOMY
  - Statistics
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 41:Clinical Trial of the Implantable Collamer Lens (ICL) for Moderate to High Myopia
- INTRODUCTION
- PATIENTS AND METHODS
  - Study Design
  - Study Outcome Parameters
- RESULTS
- DISCUSSION
  - Comparison of Implantable Collamer Lens with Approved LASIK ≤7-Diopter Myopia Clinical Trials
  - Effectiveness of the STAAR Implantable Collamer Lens versus LASIK
- APPENDIX: THE ITM STUDY GROUP
CHAPTER 42:Toric Implantable Collamer Lens (ICL™) for Moderate to High Myopic Astigmatism
- INTRODUCTION
- PATIENTS AND METHODS
- RESULTS
- DISCUSSION
CHAPTER 43:Clinical Profile of Blue Light Filtering Intraocular Lenses
- INTRODUCTION
- UV-RELATED EYE DISEASES
- PROTECTIVE MECHANISMS IN THE HUMAN EYE
  - MECHANISM OF ACTION OF FILTERING IOLs
  - TYPES OF FILTERING IOLs
- CLINICAL USE
- LIMITATIONS
- CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 44:IOL with Gradient Refractive Index Optics
- BASIC TENDENCIES IN MULTIFOCAL INTRAOCULAR APHAKIA CORRECTION
- CLASSIFICATION OF MULTIFOCAL IOLs
- HUMAN EYE OPTICAL SYSTEM COMPUTER MODELING WITH MULTIFOCAL GRADIENT INTRAOCULAR LENSES IMPLANTED
  - Theoretical Basis and Software Working Algorithm
  - Software Operating Window: Determination of Gradient Multifocal IOL Optimal Optical Parameters
- CLINICAL RESULTS
- DISCUSSION
CHAPTER 45:Refractive Lens Exchange: Current Perspectives
- INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER 46:Orthokeratology
- INTRODUCTION
- HOW IT WORKS?
- OVERNIGHT ORTHOKERATOLOGY
- REVERSE GEOMETRY CONTACT LENS DESIGN
- THE IDEAL FITTING
- SELECTION OF PATIENTS
- LIMITS
- RISK ANALYSIS
- SOME CASES
  - Efficacy and Safety of Overnight Orthokeratology by means of a Customized Hexa-curve Reverse Geometry Lens
  - Corneal Thickness
CHAPTER 47:Update on IOL Technologies
- INTRODUCTION
- CLASSIFICATION OF IOLs
- OPTIC MATERIALS FOR IOLs (Table 47.2)
  - Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA)
  - Silicone
  - Hydrogel
  - Thermoset Intraocular Lens
  - Acrylic
  - Collamer
- HAPTIC MATERIALS FOR IOLs
  - Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA)
  - Polypropylene (Prolene)
  - Polyvinylidine Fluoride (PVDF)
  - Acrylic
  - Haptic Design
- PROFILE OF RIGID IOLs USED FOR PHACOEMULSIFICATION
- FOLDABLE IOLs
  - Advantages
  - Disadvantages
- SURGICAL CONSIDERATIONS IN THE INSERTION OF FOLDABLE IOLs
- ACRYPAK® FOLDER
  - Folding Instructions
- IMPLANTATION DEVICES FOR FOLDABLE IOLs
- MONARCH II DELIVERY SYSTEM
  - Lens Loading and Folding for Multipiece and Single-piece ACRYSOF® Lens with Standard Forceps (Fig. 47.9)
  - Alternate Loading and Folding Technique for ACRYSOF® Single-piece Lens
  - IOL Delivery
  - Difficulties during Insertion of the AcrySof Single-piece IOL
- THE UNFOLDER IMPLANTATION SYSTEM
  - Insertion of the Sensar IOL via the Monarch II Delivery System
- M-PORT AND PASSPORT INJECTOR SYSTEMS
  - Problems Encountered during Foldable IOL Insertion
- MULTIFOCAL AND ACCOMMODATING INTRAOCULAR LENSES
  - Presbyopic Lens Exchange
  - Refractive MIOLs
  - Diffractive MIOLs
- ACCOMMODATING INTRAOCULAR LENS
  - Deformable IOLs
  - Light Adjustable IOL
- TORIC INTRAOCULAR LENSES
- PIGGYBACK INTRAOCULAR LENSES
- NEW IOLs FOR MICROINCISION CATARACT SURGERY
- WAVEFRONT BASED INTRAOCULAR LENSES
- IMPLANTABLE MINIATURIZED TELESCOPE (IMT)
- THE PRISMATIC IOL
- BLUE LIGHT-FILTERING IOL
- ANIRIDIA IOL
- COMPLICATIONS OF FOLDABLE INTRAOCULAR LENSES
  - Descemet's Membrane Detachment Caused by IOL during Insertion
  - Posterior Capsular Rupture during IOL Insertion
  - IOL Damage during Insertion
  - Bag Sulcus Fixation
  - Capsular Bag Distension Syndrome
  - IOL Decentration
  - Lens Dislocation
  - Silicone Oil Adherence to IOL
  - Capsular Contracture Syndrome
  - Uveitis
  - Endophthalmitis
  - IOL Discoloration
  - IOL Glistenings
  - Glare
  - Posterior Capsule Opacification
CHAPTER 48:Recent Advances in IOL Materials
- INTRODUCTION
- IMPORTANT FACTORS
- BIOCOMPATIBILITY OF INTRAOCULAR LENSES
CHAPTER 49:Analysis of New Optic Designs to Reduce PCO
- INTRODUCTION
- OPTIC EDGE DESIGN
- IOL OPTIC MATERIAL
- IOL HAPTIC DESIGN
  - Haptic Angulation
  - 1-piece/3-piece IOLs
- SUMMARY

INDEX

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Index

Chapter Notes