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Atlas of Gastrointestinal Imaging
Sunitha Lingareddy
SECTION ONE: GI TRACT AND ABDOMINAL CAVITY
CHAPTER ONE:
Esophagus
WEB
Definition
Etiology
Signs and Symptoms
Location
Imaging Findings
Barium Swallow
Complication
Differential Diagnosis
REFLUX ESOPHAGITIS
Definition
Etiology
Signs and Symptoms
Location
Imaging Findings
Barium Swallow
CT
Reflux Tests
CORROSIVE ESOPHAGITIS
Definition
Etiology
Pathology
Signs and Symptoms
Imaging Findings
Barium Swallow
CT
Differential Diagnosis
Key Imaging Points
CRICOPHARYNGEAL ACHALASIA
Definition
Etiology
Pathology
Signs and Symptoms
Imaging Findings
Barium Swallow
Differential Diagnosis
Key Imaging Points
ACHALASIA
Definition
Etiology
Pathology
Signs and Symptoms
Imaging Findings
Plain Film: Chest X-ray
Barium Swallow
CT
Differential Diagnosis
Key Imaging Points
ESOPHAGEAL VARICES
Definition
Barium Swallow
Enface
In Profile
SMALL VARICES
Differential Diagnosis
IN ESOPHAGITIS
VERRUCOID CARCINOMA
RARELY LYMPHOMA
EUS
HIATAL HERNIA
Definition
Classification
Types
Sliding Hiatal Hernia
Etiology
Imaging Findings
Barium Swallow
CT
Paraesophageal Hernia
Etiology
Imaging Findings
Barium Swallow
Mixed Hernia
TRACTION DIVERTICULUM
Definition
Etiology
Signs and Symptoms
Location
Imaging Findings
Barium Swallow
EPIPHRENIC DIVERTICULUM
Definition
Etiology
Pathology
Signs and Symptoms
Imaging Findings
Barium Swallow
Differential Diagnosis
Hiatal Hernia
ESOPHAGEAL PERFORATION
Definition
Etiology
Signs and Symptoms
Location
Imaging Findings
Plain Film
CT
Differential Diagnosis
ESOPHAGEAL CARCINOMA
Definition
Etiology
Classification
Histological
Radiological
Location
Signs and Symptoms
Imaging Findings
Plain Film: Chest X-ray
Barium Swallow
CT
Tracheobronchial involvement
Vascular
EUS Findings
CHAPTER TWO:
Stomach
EROSIVE GASTRITIS
Definition
Etiology
Signs and Symptoms
Location
Imaging Findings
Barium Meal
ANTRAL GASTRITIS
Definition
Location
Etiology
Signs and Symptoms
Imaging Findings
Barium Meal
CT
GRANULOMATOUS GASTRITIS
Definition
Location
Imaging Findings
Barium Meal
CORROSIVE GASTRITIS
Definition
Location
Imaging Findings
Barium Meal
CT
GASTRIC ULCER
Definition
Etiology
Location
Imaging Findings
Plain Film: X-ray Abdomen
Barium Meal
CT
Complications
MENETRIER DISEASE
Definition
Etiology
Signs and Symptoms
Triad
Location
Imaging Findings
Barium Meal
CT
Differential Diagnosis
GASTRIC POLYP
Classification
Imaging Findings
Barium Meal
CT
GASTROINTESTINAL STROMAL TUMOR
Definition
Pathology (IHC)
Location
Imaging Findings
Barium Meal
CT
GASTRIC CARCINOMA
Etiology
Pathology
Staging
Location
Clinical Features
Imaging Findings
Plain Film: X-ray erect abdomen
Ultrasound
Barium Swallow
Barium Meal
BMFT
CT
CT Staging
GASTRIC LYMPHOMA
Pathology
Imaging Findings
Barium Meal
CT
Staging / Classification Criteria
GASTRIC VOLVULUS
Definition
Clinical Triad
Predisposing Features
Types
Organoaxial
Axial/mesenteroaxial
Combination
Imaging Findings
Plain Film: X-ray Abdomen
Barium Meal
Complications
GASTRIC OUTLET OBSTRUCTION
Etiology
Peptic Ulcer Disease
Imaging Findings
Barium Meal
Malignant Tumor
Imaging Findings
Barium Meal
HYPERTROPHIC PYLORIC STENOSIS
Definition
Etiology
Signs and Symptoms
Imaging Findings
Ultrasound (Technique)
Plain Film: X-ray Abdomen
Barium Meal
Differential Diagnosis
CHAPTER THREE:
Duodenum
DUODENAL DIVERTICULUM
Definition
Types
Imaging Findings
Barium Meal
CT
DUODENAL ULCER
Definition
Imaging Findings
Barium Meal
DUODENAL PERFORATION
Definition
Imaging Findings
Barium Meal
CT
PARAGANGLIOMA
Definition
Etiology
Signs and Symptoms
Location
Imaging Findings
Barium Meal
Ultrasound
CT
DUODENAL CARCINOMA
Definition
Location
Imaging Findings
Barium Meal
Ultrasound
CT
MRI
MRCP
SUPERIOR MESENTERIC ARTERY SYNDROME
Definition
Etiology
Signs and Symptoms
Imaging Findings
Barium Meal
CHAPTER FOUR:
Small Bowel
MALROTATION OF THE GUT
Definition
Embryology
First stage
Second stage
Final stage
Pathology
First stage
Second stage
Final stage
Imaging Findings
Plain Film: X-ray Abdomen
Barium BMFT
Ultrasound
CT
MECKEL'S DIVERTICULUM
General Features
Fold Pattern
Ectopic gastric mucosa
Signs and Symptoms
Diagnosis
Imaging Findings
Enteroclysis/BMFT
Angiography
Nuclear Medicine
Complications
GIARDIASIS
Definition
Signs and Symptoms
Imaging Findings
BMFT
CT
CROHN'S DISEASE
Incidence
Etiology
Signs and Symptoms
Systemic Complications
Macroscopically
Microscopically
Imaging Findings
Ultrasound
BMFT
CT
INTESTINAL KOCHS
Etiology
Signs and Symptoms
Location
Pathology
Types
Imaging Findings
BMFT
Ultrasound
CT
EOSINOPHILIC ENTERITIS
Definition
Etiology
Location
Imaging Findings
BMFT
MESENTERIC ISCHEMIA
Definition
Etiology
Pathology
Location
Signs and Symptoms
Imaging Findings
Plain Film: X-ray Abdomen
BMFT
Ultrasound
CT
Angiography
Differential Diagnosis
SMALL BOWEL LIPOMA
Definition
Imaging Findings
BMFT
CT
MRI
Complications
PEUTZ-JEGHER'S SYNDROME
Definition
Location
Imaging Findings
Barium Study
CT
Complications
Differential Diagnosis
CARCINOID
GIT Carcinoids
Location
Signs and Symptoms
Carcinoid syndrome
Imaging Findings
Ultrasound
BMFT
CT
Angiography
Nuclear Medicine
INTESTINAL METASTASES
Definition
Etiology
Imaging Findings
Small Bowel Enteroclysis
CT
INTESTINAL LYMPHOMA
Definition
Etiology
Location
Types
Imaging Findings
Small Bowel Enteroclysis
CT
SMALL BOWEL OBSTRUCTION
Etiology
Extrinsic bowel lesion
Luminal occlusion
Intrinsic lesions of the bowel wall
Signs and Symptoms
Imaging Findings
Plain Film: X-ray Erect Abdomen
Differential Diagnosis for Fluid Levels
Barium Study
CT
GALL STONE ILEUS
Definition
Etiology
Signs and Symptoms
Location
Imaging Findings
Plain Film - Rigler triad
BMFT
CT
MALABSORPTION
Definition
Etiology
Location
Signs and Symptoms
Imaging Findings
BMFT
Enteroclysis
CT
INTUSSUSCEPTION
Definition
Etiology
Signs and Symptoms
Pathology
Types
Imaging Findings
Plain Film: X-ray Abdomen
BMFT
Ultrasound
CT
MRI
RADIATION ENTERITIS
Definition
Location
Imaging Findings
Small Bowel Enteroclysis
CT
MRI
CHAPTER FIVE:
Colon
INFECTIOUS COLITIS
Definition
Imaging Findings
Barium Enema
CT
PSEUDOMEMBRANOUS COLITIS
Definition
Imaging Findings
Plain Film: X-ray Abdomen
Contrast Enema
CT
TYPHLITIS
Definition
Imaging Findings
Plain Film: X-ray Abdomen
Contrast Enema
Ultrasound
CT
ULCERATIVE COLITIS
Definition
Etiology
Location
Pathology
Endoscopy Findings
Imaging Findings
Barium Enema
CT
TOXIC MEGACOLON
Definition
Etiology
Signs and Symptoms
Location
Imaging Findings
Plain Film: X-ray Abdomen
CT
Complications
APPENDICITIS
Definition
Etiology
Pathology
Signs and Symptoms
Imaging Findings
Plain Film: X-ray Abdomen
Barium Enema
Ultrasound
CT
Differential Diagnosis
ENDOMETRIOSIS
Definition
Etiology
Signs and Symptoms
Location
Imaging Findings
Barium Enema
CT
DIVERTICULITIS
Definition
Location
Imaging Findings
Barium Enema
Ultrasound
CT
COLON CARCINOMA
Definition
Etiology
Signs and Symptoms
Location
Imaging Findings
Barium Enema
CT
Differential Diagnosis
RECTAL CARCINOMA
Definition
Etiology
Signs and Symptoms
Imaging Findings
Barium Enema
Ultrasound
CT
MRI
Differential Diagnosis
HIRSCHSPRUNG'S DISEASE
Embryology
Classification
Pathology
Signs and Symptoms
Association
Imaging Findings
Plain Film: X-ray Abdomen
Contrast Enema
Difficulties in Diagnosis
CHAPTER SIX:
Peritoneum, Mesentery and Abdominal Wall
INTRA ABDOMINAL ABSCESS
Definition
Imaging Findings
Ultrasound
CT
Right Subdiaphragmatic Abscess
Right Subhepatic or Hepatorenal Abscess
Left Subdiaphragmatic Abscess
TUBERCULOUS PERITONITIS
Definition
Etiology
Signs and Symptoms
Location
Classification
Imaging Findings
Ultrasound
BMFT
CT
Differential Diagnosis
MESENTERIC LYMPHADENITIS
Definition
Etiology
Signs and Symptoms
Location
Imaging Findings
Ultrasound
CT
ABDOMINAL HERNIA
Incisional Hernia
CT
Umbilical Hernia
Spigelian Hernia
MESENTERIC CYST
Definition
Classification
Imaging Findings
Ultrasound
CT
MRI
DESMOID
Definition
Classification (Based on location)
Etiology
Imaging Findings
Ultrasound
CT
MRI
PERITONEAL MESOTHELIOMA
Definition
Etiology
Signs and Symptoms
Location
Imaging Findings
Plain Film: X-ray Abdomen
BMFT
Ultrasound
CT
MRI
PERITONEAL CARCINOMATOSIS
Definition
Etiology
Signs and Symptoms
Imaging Findings
Plain Film: X-ray Abdomen
BMFT and Barium Enema
Ultrasound
CT
MRI
PSEUDOMYXOMA PERITONEI
Definition
Etiology
Signs and Symptoms
Location
Imaging Findings
Plain Film: X-ray Abdomen
Ultrasound
CT
MRI
SECTION TWO: HEPATOBILIARY AND PANCREAS
CHAPTER SEVEN:
Liver
CONGENITAL ABSENCE OF HEPATIC SEGMENTS
Definition
Location
Imaging Findings
CT
AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT POLYCYSTIC LIVER DISEASE
Definition
Etiology
Pathology
Signs and Symptoms
Imaging Findings
Ultrasound
CT
MRI
Differential Diagnosis
HEPATITIS
Imaging Findings
Ultrasound
CT
MRI
PYOGENIC ABSCESS
Incidence
Pathology
Imaging Findings
Plain Film: X-ray Abdomen
Ultrasound
Cholangiography
Nuclear Medicine
CT
MRI
AMEBIC ABSCESS
General Features
Pathology
Imaging Findings
Plain Film: Chest X-ray
Ultrasound
Nuclear Medicine
CT
Complications
HYDATID CYST
Epidemiology
Pathology
Imaging Findings
Plain Film: X-ray Abdomen
Nuclear Medicine
Ultrasound
CT
MRI
Complications
INTRAHEPATIC PSEUDOCYST
Definition
Etiology
Location
Imaging Findings
Ultrasound
CT
MRI
STEATOSIS (FATTY LIVER)
Imaging Findings
Ultrasound
CT
MRI
CIRRHOSIS
Definition
Etiology
Pathology
Morphology
Imaging Findings
Ultrasound
CT
MRI
Angiography
Hepatic Venogram
Cholangiography
FOCAL CONFLUENT FIBROSIS
Definition
Location
Imaging Findings
CT
MRI
NODULAR REGENERATIVE HYPERPLASIA
Definition
Etiology
Signs and Symptoms
Location
Imaging Findings
Ultrasound
CT
MRI
BUDD CHIARI SYNDROME
Definition
Etiology
Signs and Symptoms
Pathology
Types
Imaging Findings
Ultrasound
Color Doppler
CT
MRI
HEPATIC TUBERCULOSIS
Definition
Etiology
Signs and Symptoms
Imaging Findings
Ultrasound
CT
MRI
PASSIVE HEPATIC CONGESTION
Definition
Etiology
Signs and Symptoms
Location
Imaging Findings
Ultrasound
CT
MRI
HEPATIC INFARCTION
Definition
Location
Imaging Findings
Ultrasound
CT
MRI
HEMOCHROMATOSIS
Definition
Classification
Imaging Findings
Ultrasound
CT
MRI
WILSON DISEASE
Definition
Location
Imaging Findings
Ultrasound
CT
MRI
HEPATIC TRAUMA
Definition
Imaging Findings
Ultrasound
CT
MRI
HEPATIC CYST
Definition
Etiology
Pathology
Signs and Symptoms
Imaging Findings
Ultrasound
CT
MRI
Differential Diagnosis
HEPATIC CAVERNOUS HEMANGIOMA
Incidence
Signs and Symptoms
Pathology
Imaging Findings
Plain X-ray Abdomen
Ultrasound
CT
MRI
Nuclear Medicine
Angiography
FOCAL NODULAR HYPERPLASIA
Incidence
Pathology
Imaging Findings
Ultrasound
CT
MRI
Nuclear Medicine
Angiography
Differential Diagnosis
HEPATIC ADENOMA
Incidence
Pathology
Imaging Features
Ultrasound
CT
MRI
Nuclear Medicine
Angiography
BILIARY HAMARTOMA
Definition
Associations
Imaging Findings
Ultrasound
CT
MRI
HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA
Incidence
Etiology
Signs and Symptoms
Imaging Findings
Ultrasound
Color Doppler
CT
Dynamic CT
CT Arterial Portography
MRI
Angiography
Intervention
FIBROLAMELLAR HCC
Definition
Imaging Findings
Ultrasound
CT
MRI
CHOLANGIOCARCINOMA (PERIPHERAL)
Definitions
Etiology
Classification
Imaging Findings
Ultrasound
CT
MRI
BILIARY CYSTADENOCARCINOMA
Definition
Imaging Findings
Ultrasound
CT
MRI
HEPATIC METASTASIS
Definition
Etiology
Imaging Findings
Ultrasound
CT
MRI
HEPATIC LYMPHOMA
Definition
Location
Types
Imaging Findings
Ultrasound
CT
MRI
INFANTILE HEMANGIO ENDOTHELIOMA
Definition
Clinical Triad
Imaging Findings
Ultrasound
CT
MRI
EMBRYONAL SARCOMA
Definition
Signs and Symptoms
Location
Imaging Findings
Ultrasound
CT
Nuclear Medicine
CHAPTER EIGHT:
Gall Bladder and Billiary Tree
CAROLI DISEASE
Definition
Etiology
Pathology
Classification
Signs and Symptoms
Imaging Findings
ERCP
Ultrasound
CT
MRCP
Nuclear Medicine
Differential Diagnosis
CHOLEDOCHAL CYST
Definition
Imaging Findings
Barium Meal
ERCP
Ultrasound
CT
MRI
PERIBILIARY CYST
Definition
Etiology
Signs and Symptoms
Location
Imaging Findings
Ultrasound
CT
MRI
RECURRENT PYOGENIC CHOLANGITIS
Definitions
Imaging Findings
ERCP
Ultrasound
CT
MRI
CHOLEDOCHOLITHIASIS
Definition
Imaging Findings
ERCP
Ultrasound
CT
MRI
ACUTE CHOLECYSTITIS
Definition
Imaging Findings
Plain Film: X-ray Abdomen
Ultrasound
CT
MRI
COMPLICATED CHOLECYSTITIS
Imaging Findings
Ultrasound
CT
PORCELAIN GALL BLADDER
Definition
Imaging Findings
Plain Film: X-ray Abdomen
Ultrasound
CT
MILK OF CALCIUM BILE
Definition
Imaging Findings
Plain Film: X-ray Abdomen
ERCP
CT
PRIMARY SCLEROSING CHOLANGITIS
Definition
Location
Imaging Findings
ERCP
Ultrasound
CT
MRI
GALL BLADDER CARCINOMA
Definition
Types
Association
Location
Imaging Findings
Plain Film: X-ray Abdomen
Ultrasound
ERCP
CT
MRI
CHOLANGIOCARCINOMA
Definition
Location
Classification
Imaging Findings
Cholangiography (PTC/ERCP)
Ultrasound
CT
MRI
Nuclear Medicine
AMPULLARY CARCINOMA
Definition
Imaging Findings
Barium Meal
ERCP
Ultrasound
Endoscopic US
CT
MRI
CHAPTER NINE:
Spleen
SPLENIC INFECTION AND ABSCESS
Definition
Imaging Findings
Plain Film: X-ray Abdomen and Chest
Ultrasound
CT
MRI
SPLENIC TUBERCULOSIS
Definition
Etiology
Signs and Symptoms
Imaging Findings
Ultrasound
CT
MRI
SPLENIC INFARCTION
Definition
Imaging Findings
Plain Film: Chest X-ray
Ultrasound
CT
MRI
SPLENIC CYST
Definition
Imaging Findings
Plain Film: X-ray Abdomen
Ultrasound
CT
MRI
SPLENIC METASTASES
Definition
Imaging Findings
Ultrasound
CT
MRI
SPLENIC LYMPHOMA
Definition
Imaging Findings
Ultrasound
CT
MRI
SPLENOMEGALY AND HYPERSPLENISM
Definition
Imaging Findings
Plain Film: X-ray Abdomen
Ultrasound
CT
MRI
CHAPTER TEN:
Pancreas
AGENESIS OF DORSAL PANCREAS
Definition
Imaging Findings
ERCP
Ultrasound
CT
MRI
ANNULAR PANCREAS
Definition
Imaging Findings
Plain Film: X-ray Abdomen
Fluoroscopic guided barium study
ERCP
Ultrasound
CT
MRI
PANCREAS DIVISUM
Definition
Etiology
Signs and Symptoms
Imaging Findings
ERCP
Ultrasound
CT
MRI
ACUTE PANCREATITIS
Definition
Etiology
Pathology
Signs and Symptoms
Imaging Findings
Plain Film: X-ray Abdomen
Plain Film: X-ray Chest
UGI
BMFT
Barium Enema
Ultrasound
CT
MRI
Differential Diagnosis
PANCREATIC PSEUDOCYST
Definition
Etiology
Signs and Symptoms
Pathology
Imaging Findings
Ultrasound
CT
MRI
Differential Diagnosis
CHRONIC PANCREATITIS
Definition
Etiology
Signs and Symptoms
Pathology
Imaging Findings
Plain Film: X-ray Abdomen
Barium Study
ERCP
Ultrasound
CT
MRCP
Differential Diagnosis
TRAUMATIC PANCREATITIS
Definition
Imaging Findings
ERCP
Ultrasound
CT
MRI
SEROUS CYSTADENOMA OF PANCREAS
Definition
Location
Size
Imaging Findings
ERCP
Ultrasound
CT
MRI
MUCINOUS CYSTIC PANCREATIC TUMOR
Definition
Location
Size
Imaging Findings
ERCP
Ultrasound
CT
MRI
INTRADUCTAL PAPILLARY MUCINOUS TUMOR PANCREAS
Definition
Location
Imaging Findings
ERCP
Ultrasound
CT
Combined Type
MRI
PANCREATIC DUCTAL CARCINOMA
Definition
Imaging Findings
Barium Meal
ERCP
Ultrasound
CT
MRI
PANCREATIC ISLET CELL TUMOR
Anatomy
Pathology
INSULINOMA
GASTRINOMA
Imaging findings
Ultrasound
MRI
SOLID AND PAPILLARY NEOPLASM
Definitions
Imaging Findings
Ultrasound
CT
MRI
PANCREATIC METASTASES
Definition
Etiology
Imaging Findings
Ultrasound
CT
MRI
PANCREATIC LYMPHOMA
Definition
Etiology
Location
Radiological Types
Imaging Findings
Ultrasound
CT
MRI
INDEX
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