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Oral Medicine Satish Chandra, Shaleen Chandra, Girish Chandra, Kamala R

1:Introduction, Scope and Role of Oral Medicine in Dental Practice
- DEFINITION
- INTRODUCTION
- SCOPE
- ORAL MEDICINE IN HOSPITAL PRACTICE
- MANAGEMENT OF DENTAL PATIENTS HAVING SEVERE MEDICAL PROBLEMS
2:Evaluation of Patient and Psychology
- DOCTOR-PATIENT RELATIONSHIP
- PSYCHOSOMATIC ORAL DISEASES
- ORAL AND DENTAL MANIFESTATIONS OF ANXIETY
- PSYCHOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS IN DENTAL TREATMENT
3:Oral Physiology, Anatomy and Histology Related to Oral Medicine
- SALIVA
  - Composition of Saliva
  - Role of Saliva in Oral Health
- ORAL MUCOUS MEMBRANE
  - Histology of Mucous Membrane
- GINGIVA
- PERIODONTIUM
  - Fibrous Tissues
  - Mineralized Tissues
    - Periodontal Ligament
- PULP
  - Structure of the Pulp
- MICROBIAL FLORA OF ORAL CAVITY
- DEPOSITS ON TEETH
4:Nutrition and Oral Diseases
- CARBOHYDRATES
- ROLE OF FATS IN ORODENTAL HEALTH
- RELATIONSHIP OF PROTEINS WITH ORAL HEALTH AND DISEASE
- VITAMINS AND THEIR ORAL MANIFESTATIONS
  - Fat-soluble Vitamin
  - Water Soluble Vitamins
    - Vitamin B Complex
    - Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid)
- MINERALS AND TRACE ELEMENTS
5:Pathology Related to Oral Medicine
- INFLAMMATION
- HYPERTROPHY
- HYPERPLASIA
- INFECTION
  - Factors in Relation to Microorganisms
  - Factors Relating to Host
    - Barrier Against Invasion
    - Immune Defence Mechanisms
- SHOCK
  - Primary Shock
  - Secondary Shock
    - Etiology and Types of Shock
    - Biochemical Mechanism of Shock
- HEALING OF ORAL WOUND
  - Factors Affecting the Healing of Oral Wounds
6:Oral Examination and Diagnosis
- INTRODUCTION
- PROCEDURE OF ORAL DIAGNOSIS
7:Developmental Disorders Affecting Oral and Para Oral Structures
- DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS OF THE TEETH
- DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS OF THE JAWS
- DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS OF THE TONGUE
- DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS OF LIPS AND PALATE
- DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS OF THE ORAL MUCOSA
8:Diseases of Teeth and Supporting Tissues
- DENTAL CARIES
- DISCOLORATION OF TEETH
- ABRASION OF THE TEETH
  - Etiology of Abrasion
- ATTRITION OF THE TEETH
- EROSION OF THE TEETH
  - Abfraction
- GINGIVITIS AND GINGIVAL ABSCESS
- GINGIVAL ENLARGEMENT
- PERIODONTITIS
  - Treatment
- JUVENILE PERIODONTITIS
  - Treatment
9:Diseases of the Pulp and Periapical Tissues
- INTRODUCTION
- ETIOLOGY OF PULP DISEASES
- DISEASES OF THE PULP
- DISEASES OF PERIAPICAL TISSUES
- DISEASES OF PERIODONTAL TISSUES
  - Periodontal Abscess
    - Clinical Features
    - Treatment
  - Gingival Abscess
    - Treatment
10:Ulcerative and Vesiculobullous Lesions of the Oral Cavity
- INTRODUCTION
- ACUTE MULTIPLE LESIONS (ULCERS AND BLISTERS)
- ORAL ULCERS SECONDARY TO CANCER CHEMOTHERAPY
- CHRONIC MULTIPLE LESIONS (BLISTERS AND ULCERS)
  - Pemphigus
- RECURRENT ORAL ULCERS: RECURRENT HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS INFECTION
  - Clinical Features
  - Treatment
- RECURRENT APHTHOUS STOMATITIS (RAS)
  - Clinical Features
  - Treatment
- BEHCET'S SYNDROME
  - Clinical Features
  - Treatment
- SINGLE ULCERS: TRAUMATIC ULCERS
- FUNGAL ULCERS
11:Red and White Lesions of the Oral Mucosa
- RED LESIONS
- WHITE LESIONS
- ALTERATION IN APPEARANCE AND STRUCTURE OF ORAL MUCOSA
- ORAL CANDIDIASIS
- NON-KERATOTIC WHITE LESION
- KERATOTIC LESIONS WITHOUT PRECANCEROUS POTENTIAL
- RED AND WHITE LESIONS WITH PREMALIGNANT POTENTIAL
- ALTERATIONS IN APPEARANCE AND STRUCTURE OF NORMAL ORAL MUCOSA
- CHRONIC CANDIDIASIS
- NON-KERATOTIC WHITE LESIONS
- KERATOTIC LESIONS WITHOUT PRECANCEROUS POTENTIAL
- RED AND WHITE LESIONS WITH PREMALIGNANT POTENTIAL
- ORAL MANAGEMENT
- LOCAL APPLICATION
12:Pigmented Lesions of the Oral Tissues
- INTRODUCTION
- BROWN MELANOTIC LESIONS
- BROWN HEME-ASSOCIATED LESIONS
- BLUE/PURPLE VASCULAR LESIONS
- GREY/BLACK PIGMENTATIONS
- MISCELLANEOUS CONDITIONS
  - Carotenemia
  - Bilirubin Pigmentation
13:Benign Oral Tumors
- INTRODUCTION
- NORMAL STRUCTURAL VARIATIONS
  - Tori
  - Ectopic Lymphoid Nodules
- INFLAMMATORY (REACTIVE) HYPERPLASIAS
- HAMARTOMAS
- ANEURYSMAL BONE CYST, TRAUMATIC BONE CYST AND STATIC BONE CYST
  - Teratomas and Dermoid Cysts
  - Cherubism
- BENIGN ODONTOGENIC TUMORS
- CYSTS OF THE JAWS
- “VIRUS INDUCED” BENIGN TUMORS
- GRANULOMATOUS LESIONS OF THE ORAL CAVITY
  - Cervicofacial Actinomycosis
- ANTIFUNGAL DRUGS
14:Malignant Oral Tumors
- INTRODUCTION AND EPIDEMIOLOGY
- ETIOLOGY AND RISK FACTORS OF ORAL CANCER
- CLINICAL FEATURES
- SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA (SCC) OF LOWER RIGHT SIDE OF LIP, INCLUDING ANGLE OF MOUTH
- VERRUCOUS CARCINOMA OF UPPER LIP
- PATHOGENESIS
  - Mild Dysplasia
  - Moderate Dysplasia
  - Severe Dysplasia
- INVESTIGATIONS
  - Imaging
  - Cytologic Examination
- DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
- DIAGNOSIS OF ORAL CANCER
  - Types of Diagnostic Tools
- EXFOLIATIVE CYTOLOGY
- TOLUIDINE BLUE STAINING
- PROCEDURE
  - Advantages
  - Disadvantage
- BIOPSY
- EXCISIONAL BIOPSY INDICATIONS
- BRUSH BIOPSY
- ORAL CDX BRUSH BIOPSY PROCEDURE
- INTERPRETATION
- CHEMILUMINESCENCE AND LED
  - Advantages
  - Principles
  - Procedure
- IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL TECHNIQUES
- LASERS
  - Histological Diagnosis of Carcinoma
- PROGNOSIS
  - TNM Staging of Tumor of Oral Cavity
  - Virus in Oral Cancer
  - Tumor Biology
  - Spread
  - Nutritional Prevention of Oral Cancer
  - Signs and Symptoms
- TREATMENT OF ORAL CANCER
  - Surgery
  - Laser Surgery
  - Radiation Therapy
  - Chemotherapy
    - Anti Cancer Drugs
- HORMONES
  - Act by Altering Hormonal Milieu
- GENERAL PRINCIPLES IN CHEMOTHERAPY OF CANCER
  - Combined Surgical and Radiation Therapy
- OTHER HEAD AND NECK CANCERS
  - Malignant Neoplasm of Salivary Glands
  - Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
  - Basal Cell Carcinoma
  - Malignant Melanoma
    - Kaposi's Sarcoma (KS)
    - Treatment
- PRETREATMENT DENTAL AND ORAL EVALUATION
- COMPLICATIONS OF CANCER TREATMENT
  - Mucositis
  - Xerostomia
  - Radiation Caries
  - Osteoradionecrosis
  - Nutrition
  - Dentofacial Abnormalities
15:Diseases of the Tongue
- STRUCTURE OF THE TONGUE
- FUNCTIONS OF THE TONGUE
- EXAMINATION OF THE TONGUE
  - Routine Examination
  - Specialized Examination Procedures
- DISEASES OF MUCOSA OF THE TONGUE
- DISEASES OF BODY OF THE TONGUE
- SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA OF THE TONGUE
- MISCELLANEOUS
16:Diseases of Salivary Gland
- DIAGNOSIS OF ENLARGED SALIVARY GLAND OR SALIVARY MASS
  - Physical Examination of Salivary Glands
  - Differential Diagnosis
- DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES IN DRY MOUTH (XEROSTOMIA) EVALUATION
- IMAGING OF SALIVARY GLANDS
- STAGING
- SPECIFIC DISEASES AND DISORDERS
  - Developmental Disorders
- FUNCTIONAL DISORDERS
  - Sialorrhea (Increased Saliva Secretion)
  - Decreased or Arrested Saliva Secretion (Xerostomia)
- RADIATION INDUCED PATHOLOGY
- OBSTRUCTIVE DISORDERS
  - Mucocele
    - Mucous Retention Cyst
    - Mucous Extravasation Cyst
  - Sialolithiasis (Salivary Gland Stones)
    - Clinical Features
    - Treatment
- INFLAMMATORY DISEASES (SIALADENITIS)
  - Bacterial Infections
  - Chronic Bacterial Sialadenitis
    - Clinical Features
    - Treatment
- VIRAL INFECTIONS
  - Mumps (Epidemic Parotitis)
- INFLAMMATORY AND REACTIVE LESION
  - Necrotizing Sialometaplasia
    - Clinical Features
    - Treatment
- ALLERGIC REACTION OR DISEASE
  - Allergic Sialadenitis
- GRANULOMATOUS CONDITIONS
  - Sarcoid Sialadenitis
  - Tuberculosis (TB)
    - Treatment
- IMMUNOLOGICAL DISORDERS
  - Sjogren's Syndrome (SS) (Primary and Secondary)
    - Clinical Features
    - Treatment
  - Sialadenosis
    - Clinical Features
    - Etiological Factors
- SALIVARY GLAND TUMORS
  - Benign Tumors
  - Malignant Tumors
17:Temporomandibular Joint Disorders
- INTRODUCTION
- FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY OF TMJ
- PATIENT HISTORY
- EXAMINATION OF ARTICULATORY SYSTEM
- DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
- DIAGNOSTIC AIDS FOR TMJ DISORDERS
- MYOFACIAL PAIN DYSFUNCTION SYNDROME (MPDS)
- HISTORY TAKING FOR EVALUATING A PATIENT FOR TEMPOROMANDIBULAR DISCOMFORT
  - Home Care Instructions to Patient of TMD
    - Treatment
- INTRACAPSULAR DISORDERS OF TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT
- INFECTIONS
18:Orofacial Pain and Abnormalities of Taste
- INTRODUCTION
- PAIN-RELATED TERMINOLOGY
- CLASSIFICATION OF OROFACIAL PAIN
- EVALUATION OF PAIN
- ASSESSMENT OF PATIENT WITH OROFACIAL PAIN
- SPECIFIC OROFACIAL PAIN CONDITIONS
- ATYPICAL OROFACIAL PAIN
- ATYPICAL ODONTALGIA (AO)
- GLOSSODYNIA
- BURNING MOUTH SYNDROME
  - Treatment of Glossodynia and Burning Mouth Syndrome
- ABNORMALITIES OF TASTE
19:Cardiovascular Diseases Related to Oral Medicine
- INTRODUCTION
- HYPERTENSION
  - Primary or Essential or Idiopathic Hypertension
  - Secondary Hypertension
- CORONARY HEART DISEASE (CHD)
  - Causes of Coronary Heart Diseases are as follows:
  - Risk Factors For Coronary Heart Disease
- VALVULAR HEART DISEASE
  - Oro-dental Considerations
- CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE
- CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIA
  - Treatment
  - Dental Considerations
- RHEUMATIC FEVER AND RHEUMATIC HEART DISEASE
- INFECTIVE ENDOCARDITIS [SUBACUTE BACTERIAL ENDOCARDITIS (SABE)]
- CAVERNOUS SINUS THROMBOSIS
  - Clinical Features
  - Dental Considerations
- PERMANENT PACEMAKERS
20:Diseases of Respiratory System Related to Oral Medicine
- INFECTIONS OF UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT
- DISEASES OF LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT
- OTHER RESPIRATORY DISEASES
21:Gastrointestinal Diseases Related to Oral Medicine
- ESOPHAGEAL DISEASES
- DISEASES OF LIVER
  - Jaundice (Icterus)
  - Hepatitis
- INFLAMMATORY DISEASES OF THE INTESTINE
  - Ulcerative Colitis
  - Crohn's Disease
22:Renal Diseases and Oral Medicine
- CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE
  - Glomerulonephritis
  - Pyelonephritis
- MANIFESTATIONS OF RENAL DISEASES (UREMIC SYNDROME)
- MANAGEMENT OF CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE (CRF)
  - Conservative Therapy-Medical Management of Chronic Renal Failure
- DIALYSIS
  - Hemodialysis
  - Peritoneal Dialysis
    - Orodental Considerations
- KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION
  - Clinical Manifestations
  - Orodental Considerations
- ORAL MANIFESTATIONS
23:Relation of Immunologic Diseases with Oral Medicine
- INTRODUCTION
- PRIMARY IMMUNODEFICIENCIES
- SECONDARY IMMUNODEFICIENCY
- ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME (AIDS)
- DISEASES OF THE CONNECTIVE TISSUE
- ALLERGY
  - Localized Anaphylactic Reactions
    - Urticaria
    - Angioneurotic Edema (Angioedema)
  - Generalized Anaphylactic Reactions
    - Treatment
    - Latex Allergy
24:Neuromuscular Diseases Affecting the Orofacial Region
- MOVEMENT DISORDERS
- MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS (MS)
  - Clinical Features
  - Orodental Considerations
    - Treatment
- CEREBRAL ABSCESS
- AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS (ALS)
  - Clinical Features
    - Treatment
  - Orodental Considerations
- MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY (MD)
- MYASTHENIA GRAVIS
  - Clinical Features
    - Oral Manifestations
    - Dental Considerations
- CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASE
- EPILEPSY
25:Diabetes Mellitus and Its Oral Manifestations
- INTRODUCTION
- ETIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION OF DIABETES
- ETIOLOGY OF DIABETES
  - Type 1 Diabetes (IDDM)
  - Type 2 Diabetes (NIDDM)
    - Diet
    - Age
- CLINICAL FEATURES
  - Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
  - Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
- COMPLICATIONS OF DIABETES
- ORAL MANIFESTATIONS
- TREATMENT (MANAGEMENT)
  - Type 1 Diabetes (IDDM)
  - Type 2 Diabetes (NIDDM)
- ORAL DISEASES IN DIABETES
  - Periodontal Health and Diabetes
- DENTAL MANAGEMENT OF DIABETIC PATIENT
26:Hematological Disorders
- HEMATOPOIESIS
- DISORDERS OF THE WHITE BLOOD CELLS
- QUALITATIVE DISORDERS
- QUANTITATIVE DISORDERS
- MYELOPROLIFERATIVE DISORDERS
- ORAL ULCERS
- MULTIPLE MYELOMA (MM)
- LYMPHOMA
- DISORDERS OF RED BLOOD CELLS POLYCYTHEMIA
  - Polycythemia Vera (PV)
  - Secondary Polycythemia
- ANEMIA
27:Disorders of Hemostasis and Oral Medicine
- NORMAL CLOTTING MECHANISM
- LABORATORY INVESTIGATIONS
- HEMOSTATIC DISORDERS
  - Coagulation Disorders
  - Thrombocytopenic Disorders
- IDENTIFICATION OF THE PATIENT WITH BLEEDING DISORDERS IN DENTAL CLINIC
- ORAL MANIFESTATIONS OF BLEEDING DISORDERS
- DENTAL MANAGEMENT OF HEMOPHILIC PATIENTS
- MANAGEMENT OF PLATELET DISORDERS
- MANAGEMENT OF DISSEMINATED INTRAVASCULAR COAGULATION (DIC)
- MANAGEMENT OF DRUG-RELATED COAGULATION DISORDERS
- MANAGEMENT OF DISEASE-RELATED COAGULATION DISORDERS
  - Patients on Anticoagulants
28:Infectious Diseases Related to Oral Medicine
- TUBERCULOSIS (TB)
- SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS
- BLOOD BORNE INFECTIONS
- GONORRHEA
- CHLAMYDIAL INFECTIONS
  - Dental Treatment
- SYPHILIS
- GRANULOMA INGUINALE
  - Clinical Features
  - Oral Manifestations
- LYMPHOGRANULOMA VENEREUM
  - Clinical Features
  - Oral Manifestations
- HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS INFECTIONS
  - Acute Ulcerative Herpetic Gingivostomatitis
  - Oropharyngeal Herpes Simplex Virus Infection
    - Clinical Features
    - Treatment
- EPSTEIN-BARR VIRUS INFECTIONS
  - Infectious Mononucleosis
    - Clinical Features
    - Treatment
- ORAL CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTION
- MOLLUSCUM CONTAGIOSUM (MCV) INFECTION
- ORAL CONDYLOMA ACUMINATUM
29:Endocrine Diseases and Orodental Health
- HYPOTHALAMUS AND ANTERIOR PITUITARY
- ADRENAL DISEASES AND CONDITIONS
  - Orodental Considerations
- THYROID DISEASE
  - Orodental Considerations
    - Hemostasis
    - Prone to Infection
30:Orodental Medicine in Geriatrics
- COMMON SYSTEMIC CONDITIONS IN GERIATRICS AND THEIR ORODENTAL MANAGEMENT
- AGE-RELATED CHANGES IN ORAL HEALTH IN GERIATRICS
- ORAL AND DENTAL DISORDERS IN ELDERLY PEOPLE
- PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF ORAL CONDITIONS IN AGED INDIVIDUALS
31:Orodental Considerations in Organ Transplantation
- ORAL LESIONS
- ORODENTAL MANAGEMENT
  - Pre-transplantation Considerations
    - Pretransplantation Dental Management
  - Post-transplantation Considerations
32:MCQs in Oral Medicine
- ORODENTAL CONSIDERATIONS IN ORGAN TRANSPLANTATION
- ULCERATIVE AND VESICULOBULLOUS LESIONS
- RED AND WHITE LESIONS OF THE ORAL MUCOSA
- PIGMENTED LESIONS OF THE ORAL TISSUES
- BENIGN ORAL TUMORS
- MALIGNANT ORAL TUMORS
- DISEASES OF THE TONGUE
- SALIVARY GLAND DISEASES
- TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT DISORDERS
- OROFACIAL PAIN AND ABNORMALITIES OF TASTE
- CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES RELATED TO ORAL MEDICINE
- DISEASES OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM RELATED TO ORAL MEDICINE
- DISEASES OF GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT RELATED TO ORAL MEDICINE
- RENAL DISEASES AND ORAL MEDICINE
- RELATION OF IMMUNOLOGIC DISEASES WITH ORAL MEDICINE
- NEUROMUSCULAR DISEASES AFFECTING THE ORO-FACIAL REGION
- DIABETES AND ITS ORAL MANIFESTATIONS
- HEMATOLOGICAL DISORDERS
- DISORDERS OF HEMOSTASIS AND ORAL MEDICINE
- INFECTIOUS DISEASES RELATED TO ORAL MEDICINE
- ORODENTAL MEDICINE IN GERIATRICS
33:Appendices

INDEX

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Chapter Notes