SECOND EDITION
Padmaja Udaykumar
Professor and Head Department of Pharmacology Fr. Muller Medical College,
Mangalore Karnataka India
Jitendar P Vij
Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd
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Textbook of Pharmacology for Dental and Allied Health Sciences
© 2007, Padmaja Udaykumar
All rights reserved. No part of this publication should be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means: electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the author and the publisher.
First Edition: 2002
Reprint: 2003, 2006
Second Edition: 2007
9788184481495
Typeset at JPBMP typesetting unit
Printed at Paras Press
5Dedicated to
My beloved mother
7Foreword
It is a daunting challenge to a studious student of a subject to write a textbook. This is particularly so in case of pharmacology, a subject having tremendous potential for expansion.
Medicine is said to be the most dynamic amongst biological disciplines; pharmacology can be said to be so amongst health science disciplines. It has stupendously grown in its own right and on its own wicket. In addition, it has been quick in responding to advances in other disciplines. Ramification of pharmacology into various other disciplines has resulted in mutual sharing of knowledge and impetuous for further study. This has resulted in the continuing growth of both factual and conceptual knowledge-base, too rapid and huge to comprehend. These facts weigh on the mind of a studious student.
A textbook for undergraduate students has to be clear, lucid, comprehensive and concise. This requires a critical and shrewd sifting and sieving of the vast data, to pick-up those that are necessary and relevant in a given context. Such a job demands grit, knowledge, ability and prudence. Dr (Mrs) Padmaja Udaykumar, a young pharmacologist has gratifyingly demonstrated these in her venture of writing a textbook in pharmacology for students of dental, physiotherapy and allied branches of health sciences.
Most textbooks on this subject contain data and information that suit medical students. But many student-groups of other streams of health sciences require knowledgeability in the subject pharmacology in a way that is meaningful and relevant to their respective field. Indeed pharmacology is one of the core-subjects in these courses. This point in view, the author has made a commendable attempt in this direction.
Need for condensation of the vast data inevitably makes the text and approach more catalogic and less thematic. Yet there is enough factual data as well as sufficient thematic message synchronized, a very important point in a text for undergraduates.
Dr Padmaja Udaykumar has brought out a concise book in pharmacology with clear and comprehensive coverage of the topics in a systematically organized manner and presented in a simple—‘easy to read and grasp’ style. This book though primarily meant for dental, physiotherapy and nursing students, it contains enough material to be useful even for medical students, particularly for quick revision.
Teacher, like parent, gets proud pleasure at the progress and deserving achievements of the next generation. I did derive such pleasure while going through the text of this nice book by Dr Padmaja Udaykumar and say a few words about it.
Prof DR Kulkarni
Head of the Department of Medical Education
BM Patil Medical College, Bijapur
Former Principal, DY Patil Medical College, Kollapur
9Preface to the Second Edition
Pharmacology is a subject that has been rapidly growing. To keep pace with it, books in pharmacology need to be updated frequently. The book has been thoroughly revised with appropriate additions, deletions and tailored to the needs of a dental student. In response to the feedback received, wherever applicable, the relevance of the topic to a dentist has been highlighted. More figures, charts and tables have been added and the book is brought out in multiple colours, all of which make it more student-friendly. Many universities have introduced ‘Compare and Contrast’, between related drugs in the question papers. Therefore a series of ‘Compare and Contrast’ have been given in all relevant chapters. Keeping in mind the burden on students, efforts have been made to include only the necessary things and prune the unwanted ones. A chapter on emergencies in dental practice has been included as required by some universities.
The First edition of the book was titled ‘Short Textbook of Pharmacology for Dental and Allied Health Sciences’ and has been renamed in the second edition as Textbook of Pharmacology for Dental and Allied Health Sciences.
I hope the book makes learning pharmacology a pleasurable experience.
Please send your feedback to raaguday@rediffmail.com.
11Preface to the First Edition
Pharmacology is a science that forms the basis for modern medicine. It is a rapidly changing field with new drugs being constantly introduced. The knowledge of pharmacology is important for all those who deal with drugs apart from medical practitioners. But the depth could vary. The need was felt for a short textbook for Dental, Nursing, Physiotherapy and other health science students. Hence this book was brought out, keeping in mind the size of the book and information required.
General pharmacology has been discussed in detail as it forms the basis for understanding pharmacology. Similarly chemotherapy, particularly general chemotherapy, analgesics, anaesthetics and corticosteroids are dealt with in adequate depth. Mechanisms of action have been discussed in brief. In each chapter, the prototype drug has been discussed in detail while the differing features of others are then mentioned. Simple figures have been used wherever necessary. Common drug interactions are given in the Appendices. Accepted abbreviations have been used. References for further reading are mentioned at the end of the text. The chapter on Dental Pharmacology is included. Adequate importance has been given to essential drugs.
I hope this book serves to make pharmacology easy for the students of Health Sciences.
Padmaja Udaykumar
12Acknowledgements
I wish to express my sincere thanks to Prof. D.R. Kulkarni for writing Foreword to this book and for his valuable guidance.
I place on record my heartfelt gratitude to Dr. Lakshmikant Chatra, Professor of Oral Medicine, Yenepoya Dental College, for his help and suggestions. I wish to thank Professors of Pharmacology Prof. Nataraj K.V., Prof. Vijayaraghavan, Prof. Parvathi Bhat, Prof. K.S.Karanth, Prof. M.C. Alwar, Prof. Ahalya Devi, Prof. Vasanth Kumar, Prof. K.L. Bairy, Prof. Holla R., Prof. M.R.S.M.Pai, Prof. Venkatadri and Prof. Tara Shanbogue.
I also thank my colleagues Dr.Vijayalakshmi M., Dr. Princy, Dr. Prasannalakshmi, Dr. Manohar Revonkar and Miss Deepa for their support. I am extremely thankful to the management of Fr. Muller Medical College—Director Fr. Baptist Menezes, Administrators Fr. Lawrence C D’Souza, Fr. Dennis D’Sa and Dean Dr. Sanjeev Rai for their encouragement.
I wish to thank Dr. Prasanna Kumar J. Asst. Professor in oral medicine for his help.
I owe a special note of thanks to my husband Prof. Udaykumar K. for his constant encouragement, valuable suggestions and support in this endeavor.
I thank Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers, New Delhi for bringing out this colourful book.