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Brain Haemorrhage AK Mahapatra, PS Chandra, Raj Kumar

CHAPTER 1:INTRODUCTION
- INTRODUCTION
- CAUSES OF SICH
- CLINICAL FEATURES
- MANAGEMENT OF INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION
  - Surgical Treatment
CHAPTER 2:EPIDMIOLOGY OF BRAIN HAEMORRHAGE
- INTRODUCTION
- SUBARACHNOID HAEMORRHAGE
  - Developmental
    - Heritable connective tissue disorders
  - Degenerative
- AVMs
- SPONTANEOUS INTRACEREBRAL HAEMORRHAGE (SICH)
  - Risk Factors
CHAPTER 3:INTRACEREBRAL HAEMORRHAGE: AN OVERVIEW
- INTRODUCTION
- EPIDEMIOLOGY OF INTRACEREBRAL HAEMORRHAGE
- DEMOGRAPHY OF INTRACEREBRAL HAEMORRHAGE
- RISK FACTORS AND CAUSES OF INTRACEREBRAL HAEMORRHAGE
  - Hypertension
  - Smoking and Alcohol
  - Vascular Malformation
  - Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy
  - Intracranial Tumours
  - Coagulopathy
  - Drug Related ICH
  - Trauma
- GRANULOMATOUS ANGITIS OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM AND OTHER VASCULITIDES
- HAEMORRHAGIC INFARCTION
- CLINICAL FEATURES
- PUTAMINAL HAEMORRHAGE
- LOBAR HAEMORRHAGE
- THALAMIC HAEMORRHAGE
- CEREBELLAR HAEMORRHAGE
- PONTINE HAEMORRHAGE
- CAUDATE HAEMORRHAGE
- MESENCEPHALIC HAEMORRHAGE
- MEDULLARY HAEMORRHAGE
- INTRAVENTRICULAR HAEMORRHAGE
- DIAGNOSIS
- TREATMENT
  - Medical Treatment
  - Treatment of Hypertension
  - Surgical Treatment
- PROGNOSIS
- CONCLUSIONS
CHAPTER 4:INTRACRANIAL HAEMORRHAGE
- INTRODUCTION
- INTRACEREBRAL HAEMORRHAGE
- CEREBRAL AMYLOID ANGIOPATHY (CAA)
- HAEMORRHAGES SECONDARY TO ANTICOAGULANTS AND ANTITHROMBOLYTICS
- TUMOUR HAEMORRHAGE
  - Drugs and ICH
- VASCULAR MALFORMATIONS
  - Arteriovenous Malformation (AVM)
- CEREBRAL HAEMORRHAGES IN NEONATES
- CAVERNOUS ANGIOMA
- CAPILLARY TELANGIECTASIS
- VENOUS ANGIOMAS
- GRANULOMATOUS ANGIITIS
- SUBARACHNOID HAEMORRHAGE
- MOYAMOYA SYNDROME
- FIBROMUSCULAR DYSPLASIA
- CHILD ABUSE (BATTERED BABY)
- EPIDURAL HAEMORRHAGE
- SUBDURAL HAEMORRHAGE
CHAPTER 5:IMAGING OF SPONTANEOUS INTRACRANIAL HAEMORRHAGE IN CHILDREN
- INTRODUCTION
- ULTRASOUND
- COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY (CT)
- ACUTE HAEMORRHAGE
- SUBACUTE HAEMORRHAGE
- CHRONIC HAEMORRHAGE
- SUBARACHNOID HAEMORRHAGE
- SUBDURAL HAEMORRHAGE
- INTRAVENTRICULAR HAEMORRHAGE AND CHOROID PLEXUS HAEMORRHAGE
- MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING (MRI)
- SUBDURAL HAEMATOMA
- SUBARACHNOID HAEMORRHAGE
- DIGITAL SUBTRACTION ANGIOGRAPHY (DSA)
CHAPTER 6:ANTICOAGULANT INDUCED INTRACRANIAL HAEMORRHAGE
- INTRODUCTION
- WARFARIN
- PREDICTORS OF POOR PROGNOSIS
- MANAGEMENT
- HEPARIN
- FIBRINOLYTIC AGENTS
- CONCLUSIONS
CHAPTER 7:MOYAMOYA DISEASE—I
- INTRODUCTION
- EPIDEMIOLOGY
  - Aetiology and Pathogenesis
- CLINICAL SYMPTOMS AND SIGNS
- INVESTIGATIONS
- DISEASE PROGRESSION AND PROGNOSIS
- TREATMENT
  - Medical Treatment
  - Surgical Treatment
- CONCLUSIONS
CHAPTER 8:MOYAMOYA DISEASE—II
- INTRODUCTION
  - Causes of Moyamoya Syndrome2 (Similar to Angiographic Moyamoya Disease)
- PATHOLOGY
- CLINICAL FEATURES
- DIAGNOSIS
- TREATMENT
- STA-MCA ANASTOMOSIS: SUPERFICIAL TEMPORAL ARTERY-MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY ANASTOMOSIS
CHAPTER 9:CEREBRAL AMYLOID ANGIOPATHY
- INTRODUCTION
- NEUROPATHOLOGY
  - Gross
  - Histopathology
- CLINICAL PRESENTATION
- DIAGNOSIS
- TREATMENT
- CONCLUSIONS
CHAPTER 10:EPIDEMIOLOGY AND CLINICAL PRESENTATION OF SUBARACHNOID HAEMORRHAGE
- INTRODUCTION
- EPIDEMIOLOGY
- CLINICAL PRESENTATION
- CONCLUSIONS
CHAPTER 11:INTRAVENTRICULAR HAEMORRHAGE IN PATIENTS WITH ANEURYSMAL RUPTURE
- INTRODUCTION
- PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH IVH IN ANEURYSMAL BLEED
- MANAGEMENT
CHAPTER 12:ACUTE SUBDURAL HAEMATOMA AS A RESULT OF ANEURYSM RUPTURE
- INTRODUCTION
- INCIDENCE
- CLINICAL PRESENTATION
- INVESTIGATIONS
- TREATMENT
- RESULTS
- CONCLUSIONS
CHAPTER 13:CHRONIC SUBDURAL HAEMATOMAS AND ANEURYSMAL BLEED
- INTRODUCTION
- CONCLUSIONS
CHAPTER 14:CEREBRAL ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATIONS (AVMs): AN OVERVIEW
- INTRODUCTION
- HISTORY
- DEFINITION
- AETIOLOGY
- PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
- CLINICAL PRESENTATION
- INVESTIGATIONS
  - Imaging Studies11–13
- TREATMENT
- SURGERY
- CONCLUSIONS
CHAPTER 15:INTRACEREBRAL HAEMATOMAS DUE TO ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATIONS
- INTRODUCTION
- CLINICAL PROFILE
- RADIOLOGY
- MANAGEMENT
- OUTCOME
CHAPTER 16:BRAIN HAEMORRHAGE DUE TO OTHER VASCULAR MALFORMATIONS
- INTRODUCTION
- CLINICAL PATHOLOGY
- CLINICAL FEATURES
  - Cavernous Malformations
- MIDDLE FOSSA
- DIAGNOSIS OF VASCULAR MALFORMATIONS
- MANAGEMENT
- CAVERNOUS MALFORMATIONS
CHAPTER 17:INTRAVENTRICULAR HAEMORRHAGE
- INTRODUCTION
- CLINICAL FEATURES
- INVESTIGATIONS
- MANAGEMENT
CHAPTER 18:ACUTE SPONTANEOUS SUBDURAL HAEMATOMA
- INTRODUCTION
- AETIOLOGY
- PATHOGENIC MECHANISM OF ACUTE SPONTANEOUS SDH
- CLINICAL PRESENTATION
- INVESTIGATIONS
- TREATMENT
- CONCLUSIONS
CHAPTER 19:HYPERTENSIVE BASAL GANGLIONIC HAEMORRHAGE
- INTRODUCTION
- PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
- CLINICAL DETAILS
  - Preferred Imaging
- DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
  - Ruptured Aneurysm
  - Imaging
- MANAGEMENT
- TREATMENT OF ACUTE HYPERTENSION IN ICH
- SUMMARY
CHAPTER 20:HYPERTENSIVE CEREBELLAR HAEMATOMA
- INTRODUCTION
- CLINICAL FEATURES
- INVESTIGATIONS
- MANAGEMENT
- CONCLUSIONS
CHAPTER 21:SPONTANEOUS INTRACRANIAL HAEMORRHAGE IN CHILDREN
- INTRODUCTION
- PATHOGENESIS OF ICH IN NEWBORN
- THE MAIN SITES OF HAEMORRHAGES
- SUBARACHNOID HAEMORRHAGE (SAH)
- CONVEXITY HAEMORRHAGE
- SUBDURAL HAEMORRHAGE (SDH)
- INTRACEREBRAL HAEMORRHAGE
- RISK FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH INTRACEREBRAL HAEMORRHAGES
- TIMING AND PROGRESSION OF HAEMORRHAGE
- INTRACEREBELLAR HAEMORRHAGE
- THALAMIC HAEMORRHAGE
- RISK FACTOR FOR INTRACRANIAL HAEMORRHAGE
- CLINICAL ASPECTS
- DIAGNOSIS
- MANAGEMENT
- PROGNOSIS
  - Endoventricular Fibrinolytic Treatment to Prevent Hydrocephalus
CHAPTER 22:ROLE OF SURGERY FOR SUPRATENTORIAL HAEMATOMAS: THE EVIDENCE TILL NOW
- INTRODUCTION
- EPIDEMIOLOGY
  - Risk Factors
- PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
- CLINICAL FEATURES
- DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
- MANAGEMENT
- POSTOPERATIVE MANAGEMENT
- SUMMARY
CHAPTER 23:ENDOSCOPIC EVACUATION OF INTRACEREBRAL HAEMATOMAS
- INTRODUCTION
- INDICATIONS
- DISCUSSION
- SUMMARY
CHAPTER 24:STEREOTACTIC EVACUATION OF INTRACEREBRAL HAEMATOMAS
- INTRODUCTION
- INDICATIONS
  - Surgical Techniques
CHAPTER 25:SPONTANEOUS INTRACRANIAL EXTRADURAL HAEMATOMAS
- INTRODUCTION
- AETIOLOGY
- CONCLUSIONS
CHAPTER 26:BRAIN HAEMORRHAGE IN MYCOTIC ANEURYSMS
- INTRODUCTION
- EPIDEMIOLOGY
- PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND MICROBIOLOGY
- CLINICAL PRESENTATION AND NATURAL HISTORY
- EVALUATION
- MANAGEMENT
  - Cardiac Considerations
  - Conservative Treatment
- SURGICAL TREATMENT
  - Endovascular Treatment
- CONCLUSIONS
CHAPTER 27:POSTOPERATIVE CEREBRAL VENOUS INFARCTION
- INTRODUCTION
- EPIDEMIOLOGY
- CLINICAL FEATURES
- PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
- RADIOLOGY
- MANAGEMENT
- FUTURE RESEARCH
CHAPTER 28:INTRACRANIAL HAEMORRHAGE SECONDARY TO VASCULITIS
- INTRODUCTION
- CLASSIFICATION
- VASCULOPATHIES
- MANAGEMENT
  - Evacuation of Intracerebral Haematomas
- ISOLATED (GRANULOMATOUS) ANGIITIS OF THE CNS
- PRIMARY SYSTEMIC NECROTISING VASCULITIDES
  - Polyarteritis Nodosa
- DIAGNOSIS
- TREATMENT
- COLLAGEN VASCULAR DISEASES
  - Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
- INFECTIOUS VASCULITIS
- DRUG INDUCED HAEMORRHAGIC STROKE
ABBREVIATIONS

INDEX

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Chapter Notes