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Manual of Cornea A Samuel Gnanadoss

1:Development of Cornea
- INTRODUCTION
  - Molecular Regulation
  - Optical Composition
2:Anatomy of Cornea
- EPITHELIUM
- BASAL MEMBRANE
- BOWMAN'S MEMBRANE
- STROMA
- DESCEMET'S
- ENDOTHELIUM
- EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX COMPOSITION
- BLOOD VESSELS
- LYMPH
- CORNEAL NERVES
  - Anatomy
- DEGENERATION AND REGENERATION
- HYPER-REGENERATION
- SENSITIVITY
- CLINICAL STUDY
- LIMBUS
3:Stem Cells
- INTRODUCTION
- PROOF OF LIMBAL CELLS BEING SC
- CAUSES FOR LIMBAL STEM CELL DEFICIENCY (LSCD)
- FEATURES OF LSCD
- MANAGEMENT OF LSCD
- AMNIOTIC MEMBRANE (AM)
4:Physiology of Cornea
- BIOCHEMISTRY AND METABOLISM
  - Corneal Transparency
  - Permeability of Substances
5:Note on DNA and RNA
- INTRODUCTION
- GENETICAL GLOSSARY
6:Abnormalities of Cornea
- CHROMOSOMAL ABERRATIONS
- ABSENCE OF CORNEA
- ABNORMALITIES OF TRANSPARENCY (CONGENITAL CORNEAL OPACITIES)
- ABNORMALITIES OF SIZE
  - Microcornea
  - Megalocornea (Anterior Megalophthalmos. syn. Keratomegalia, Cornea globus)
- ABNORMALITIES OF SHAPE AND CURVE
- OTHER ABNORMALITIES
7:Corneal Vascularisation
- MECHANISM OF VASCULARISATION
- SUPERFICIAL VASCULARISATION (FIGS 7.1 AND 7.2)
- INTERSTITIAL VASCULARISATION
- DIFFERENT TYPES OF INTERSTITIAL VESSELS
- DEEP VASCULARISATION
- MODE OF DEVELOPMENT OF CORNEAL VESSELS
- TREATMENT
8:Corneal Edema and Bullous Keratopathy
- REGULATION OF WATER CONTENT
- TYPES OF EDEMA
  - Epithelial Edema
  - Stromal Edema
- CAUSES
- EVALUATION
- TREATMENT
  - Medical
  - Surgical
- FILAMENTARY KERATITIS
  - Causes
  - Treatment
9:Corneal Wound Healing
- EPITHELIUM
- BASEMENT MEMBRANE
- STROMA
- DESCEMET'S AND ENDOTHELIUM
- CORNEAL INJURIES
  - Mechanical
  - Non-Mechanical
- EXAMINATION
- MANAGEMENT
- COMPLICATIONS
10:Chemical Burns
- CAUSES
- AGENTS
- BIOCHEMISTRY
- PRESSURE RESPONSE
- PATHOLOGY
- GRADING
- TREATMENT
  - Medical
  - Surgical
11:Dry Eye Syndrome
- TEAR FILM
- CLASSIFICATION
- ETIOPATHOLOGY
- CAUSES OF TEAR FILM INSTABILITY
- PRESENTATION OF DRY EYE
  - Incidence
  - Clinical Evaluation
    - History
    - Slit Lamp Examination
- VITAL DYE TESTS
- SCHIRMER TEST
- TEAR BREAK UP TIME (TBUT)
- LABORATORY TESTS
- HISTOLOGIC EVALUATION
- MANAGEMENT
- COMPLICATIONS
- DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
- MEIBOMIAN GLAND DYSFUNCTION
- BLOCKING CANALICULI AND PUNCTUM
12:Ocular Surface Disorder
- CAUSES OF OSD
- TREATMENT OF OSD
13:Fungal Corneal Ulcer
- MORPHOLOGY
- CLASSIFICATION OF FUNGI
- DEFENCE
- FUNGAL LESIONS IN EYE
- KERATOMYCOSIS
- SPECIFIC TYPES OF MYCOTIC ULCERATION OF CORNEA
- PATHWAYS TO BLINDNESS
- TREATMENT
  - Medical Treatment
  - Surgical Treatment
14:Basic Virology
- VIRUS REPLICATION
15:Corneal (and Eye) Lesions due to Virus
- ADENOVIRUS
- HERPES ZOSTER
- VARICELLA
- MEASLES AND MUMPS
- VARIOLA AND VACCINIA
- RUBELLA
- TREATMENT
- HIV
16:Herpes Simplex
- HISTORY
- MORPHOLOGY
- ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
- BIOCHEMISTRY OF VIRUS
- PRESERVATION
- INACTIVATION
- BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS
- INFECTIONS IN ANIMALS
- ANTIGENIC COMPOSITION
- HYPERSENSITIVITY
- INTERFERENCE
- PATHOGENESIS AND PATHOLOGY
- CHRONOLOGY OF INFECTION
- HISTOLOGY
- CLINICAL FEATURES
- DIAGNOSIS
- TREATMENT—HSV
  - Medical Treatment
    - Physical Therapy
    - Surgical Treatment
17:Antiviral Drugs
- ASSEMBLY
18:Punctate Keratitis
- CLASSIFICATION
19:Interstitial Keratitis (Basics)
- CLASSIFICATION
  - Non-suppurative
  - Suppurative IK
- DEEP KERATITIS
  - The Non-suppurative
  - The Purulent Type
- NEUROTROPHIC KERATITIS
  - Underlying Cause (Polemics)
20:Parasitic Infestations
- PROTOZOA
- NEMATODES
  - Onchocerciasis
- ARTHROPOD
  - Myiasis
21:Deficiency State
- PROTEIN (KWASHIORKOR)
- VITAMIN A
- VITAMIN B COMPLEX
- DISCRETE COLLIQUATIVE KERATOPATHY
- VITAMIN E DEFICIENCY
22:Age Changes
23:Peripheral Corneal Diseases
- CLASSIFICATION
- WHITE LIMBAL GIRDLE OF VOGT
- CORNEAL ARCUS
- BAND KERATOPATHY
- SPHEROIDAL DEGENERATION
- DELLEN
- COAT'S WHITE RING
- HASSALL-HENLE BODIES
- PTERYGIUM
- MANAGEMENT OF PTERYGIUM—GUIDELINES
  - Medical
  - Surgical
- PELLUCID
- IDIOPATHIC FURROW DEGENERATION
- TERRIEN'S MARGINAL DEGENERATION
- MOOREN'S ULCER
- SLK
- SMK
24:Corneal Degeneration
- AXIAL
- PERIPHERAL
25:Corneal Dystrophies
- MOLECULAR GENETICS
- DYSTROPHIES OF EPITHELIUM
- DYSTROPHIES OF BOWMAN'S
  - Reis-Bucklers' (Synom: Anterior limiting membrane D; D of Bowman's I)
  - Superficial Reticular Dystrophy of Koby
- DYSTROPHIES OF STROMA
- DYSTROPHIES OF ENDOTHELIUM
- DYSTROPHIES OF ALL LAYERS
- EXCIMER LASER SURGERY FOR CORNEAL DYSTROPHIES
26:Corneal Pigmentation and Deposits
- PIGMENTATION AND CORNEAL LAYERS
- DEVELOPMENTAL
- MELANIN
- HAEMATOGENOUS
- METALLIC PIGMENTATION
- OTHERS
- CONJUNCTIVAL PIGMENTATION
27:Thesaurismoses
- NUCLEOTIDE METABOLISM
  - Gout
- PROTEIN METABOLISM
  - Essential Amino Acids
- HEME METABOLISM
  - Porphyria
- CARBOHYDRATES AND GLYCOSAMINOGLYCAN
- LIPIDS (FATS)
- LIPIDOSES
- METALLIC METABOLISM
  - Calcium
  - Dysproteinemia
28:Limbal Tumors
- EPIBULBAR TUMORS
- CYSTS
- TUMORS
- RETICULOSES
- VASCULAR TUMOUR
- NERVE TUMORS
- PIGMENTED TUMORS
- METASTATIC TUMOR
- OTHERS
29:Keratoplasty
- DONOR MATERIAL
- PRESERVATION OF DONOR MATERIAL
- SHORT-TERM METHODS
- LONG-TERM PRESERVATION (FLOW CHART 29.1)
- MEDIA
- MOIST CHAMBER (SAKIMOTO ET AL 1974)
- FREEZING
  - Cryopreservation
- VACUUM PRESERVATION
- CASE SELECTION FOR KERATOPLASTY (Indications and Contraindications)
  - General Factors
  - Local Factors
- KERATOPLASTY IS CONTRAINDICATED IN
- PROGNOSIS WITH KERATOPLASTY
- INDICATIONS (TYPES OF KERATOPLASTY)
  - Types of Keratoplasty
- KERATOPLASTY—COMPLICATIONS
30:Refractive Surgeries of Eye
- HISTORY
- CORNEA
  - Surface
  - Stromal
- LENS
- SCLERA
- ALTERING INDEX
  - Patient Selection
- CORNEAL PROCEDURES
- LENS SURGERIES
- LASIK
31:Prosthokeratoplasty
- HISTORY
- INDICATIONS
- CONTRAINDICATIONS
- GENERAL POINTS
- FACTORS FAVOURING KERATOPROSTHESIS
- POWER CALCULATION
- OPTICS
- CLASSIFICATION
  - Stone et al (1965)
- EPIKERATOPROSTHESIS
  - Complications of Keratoprosthesis
    - Peroperative
    - Postoperative
32:Immunology and Hypersensitivity Reaction
- ANTIGEN
- CELLS OF HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTION
- ANTIBODY
- IMMUNE RESPONSE
- COMPLEMENT
- CYTOKINES
- ALLERGIC CO
- PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
33:Confocal Microscopy
- ADVANTAGES OF CM
- TYPES OF CM
- CLINICAL APPLICATIONS
- NORMAL CORNEA—APPEARANCE
34:Corneal Topography
- THE MECHANICS BEHIND TOPOGRAPHY
  - Reflective Devices
  - Slit Scanning Device
    - COLOR SCALE OPTIONS
- CORNEAL TOPOGRAPHY MEASUREMENTS
- MAPS
- INTERPRETATION OF TOPOGRAPHIC INDICES
- RASTER PHOTOGRAPHY TOPOGRAPHY METHOD
- LIMITATIONS OF CORNEAL TOPOGRAPHY
- CLINICAL USES
- OPTICS OF ORBSCAN II
- CLINICAL INTERPRETATION OF THE ORBSCAN II
- AVAILABLE ORBSCAN II DATA
- CLINICAL USES OF ORBSCAN II
35:Sutures and Suturing
- SUTURE CHARACTERISTICS
- MONOFILAMENT AND MULTIFILAMENT STRANDS
- ABSORBABLE AND NON-ABSORBABLE SUTURES
- LIGATURES
- OPHTHALMIC SURGERY
- SURGICAL NEEDLES
Suggested Reading

INDEX

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Chapter Notes