A
Aberration 7
Ablert’s stain 95
ABO blood group system 105
Acetone 80
Acid-alcohol reagent 95
Acid-fast staining 228
Actinomycetes 243
Acute necrotising encephalitis 297
Acute schistosomiasis 366
Aflatoxins 424
Agglutination 108
Agglutination tests 116
brucellosis 119
cerebrospinal fluid 124
febrile illnesses 116
M.pneumoniae infection 120
serum 123
Albert’s stain 83
Alcohols 21
Aldehyde test 348
Aldehydes 21
Alkali-glycerine solution 398
Alkaline bile salt agar 205
Alkaline nutrient agar 27
Alkaline peptone water 27
Allyamines 421
Amastigote 345
Amatoxins 423
Amidase tests 221
Amoebic liver abscess 329
Andrade’s indicator 53
Animal inoculation 256
Animal pathogenicity tests 436
Antibiotic disc 97
Antigen or nucleic acids 242
Antigen-antibody reactions 103
Antimony test 348
Antistreptolysin O (ASO) test 126
Antiviral agents acyclovir 319
amantadine 319
azidothymidine 321
famciclovir 319
fomivirsen 321
ganciclovir 321
idoxuridine 319
interferons 321
lamivudine 321
oseltamivir 319
penciclovir 319
ribavirin 321
rimantadine 319
stavudine 321
trifluorothymidine 319
valacyclovir 319
zanamivir 319
Arboviruses 265
Arylsulphatase test 221
Ascospore stain 87
Aspergillus fumigatus 417
Astroviruses 291
Auramine stain 81
Autoimmunity 105
Azoles 421
B
Bacillus anthracis 170
Bacteria 11
growth and multiplication 14
growth curve 14
metabolism 15
oxygen requirement 15
shape 11
size 11
Bacteriological index 229
Balantidium coli 335
Balck fly 446
Beta-propiolactone 22
Bile broth 34
Bile solubility test 71
Biochemical methods 452
Biopsy urease test 210
Biphasic MacConkey’s medium 32
Bipolar staining 84
Bismuth sulfite agar 33
Blastomyces dermatitidis 416
Blind passage 258
Blood culture 196
Blood flukes 366
Brain heart infusion agar 34
Brain heart infusion broth 34
Bugs 444
Bunyaviridae 293
Burkitt’s lymphoma 302
C
C.diphtheriae 165
Calcivirus 291
Camp test 154
Candidiasis 434
Capsid 254
Capsomers 254
Capsule stain 85
Carboxylase test medium 35
Cary-Blair medium 203
Casoni test 361
Caspofungin 421
Castaneda medium 35
Catalase-peroxidase tests 221
Cell wall 12
Cestodes 354
Chikungunya 295
Chlamydiae 247
Chloral lactophenol mounting 430
Chloroquine 352
Christensen’s urea agar 74
Chromatic 7
Chromoblastomycosis 409
Chronic viral neurological diseases 283
Circulating antigen 200
Citrate utilization test 71
CLED agar 460
Clostridium tetani 173
Clot culture 197
Clumping factor test 70
Coagglutination 453
Coagulase tube test 71
Coagulase-negative staphylococci 146
Coccidioides immitis 415
Cold stain 94
Complement 107
Complement fixation 110
Conjunctivitis 297
Conventional cell culture 271
Coracidium 358
Corona viruses 281
Cotton plugs 58
Coxsackieviruses 287
Cranial zoster 299
C-reactive protein test 132
Croup 277
Cryptococcosis 435
Cryptococcus neoformans 411
Cryptosporidium species 334
Cultural procedures 430
complex media 25
enriched media 25
anaerobic 26
differential 26
indicator 26
selective 26
sugar 26
transport 26
simple media 25
synthetic or defined media 25
types 24
culture plates 59
preparation of agar slant 59
procedure 58
alkaline-pyrogallol method 66
brewer anaerobic jar method 67
candle jar technique 65
thioglycollate broth method 65
making of wire loops for inoculation 63
Culture techniques 451
Cystine lactose electrolyte-deficient 459
Cytomegalic inclusion disease 300
Cytopathic effect 258
Cytoplasm 12
Cytoplasmic membrane 12
D
Decarboxylase test 78
Dengue 294
Deoxycholate citrate agar 31
Deoxyribonuclease (DNase) test agar 30
Dermatomycosis 405
Dilute carbol fuchsin 80
Dimorphic mycotic agents 394
Dimorphic organisms 414
Diphyllobothrium latum 357
Dipsticks comb immunoassays 454
Direct immunofluorescence 453
Direct slide agglutination 452
DNA probes 375
Dog tapeworm 359
Dracunculus medinensis 375
Dry heat 18
Dry mount technique 90
Dyes 22
Dysentery enteric cholera (DEC) medium 36
E
Ebstein-Barr virus 301
Echinococcus granulosus 359
Echo virus 287
Egg yolk agar 36
Electron microscopy 267
Elek plate test 169
Elek’s gel precipitation test 168
Elementary body 247
Embryonated eggs 256
EMJU medium for leptospira 36
Endemic infection 280
Entamoeba coli 329
Envelope 254
Enzyme immunoassays (EIA) to detect antigen 453
Epidemic infection 280
Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis 281
Epidermophyton 407
Epstein-Barr virus 265
Escherichia coli 177
Esculin broth 37
Esculing hydrolysis 77
Ethylene oxide 22
Extraintestinal amoebiasis 326
F
Faecal adenoviruses 281
Faeces culture 197
Fasciolopsis hepatica 364
Filamentous bacteria 394
Filtration 20
Fimbriae 14
Flagella 13
Flaviviruses 293
Flocculation 108
Flocculation tests 234
Flucytosine 421
Fluorescent antibody technique 111
Fontana’s stain 85
Formaldehyde gas 22
Frei’s test 250
G
Gabbet’s stain 82
Gamma herpes virus 301
Gastroenteritis
viruses 266
Gelatin medium 54
Gelatinase test 77
Genital herpes 297
Genome 253
Geotrichum candidum 413
Giardia intestinatis (lamblia) 329
Giardia lamblia 386
Giemsa stain 88
Gingivostomatitis 297
Glucose phosphate broth 37
Glutaraldehyde 21
Gram staining 91
Gram’s iodine 80
Greiss test 458
Griseofulvin 422
Gross macroscopic examination 377
Guinea worm 375
H
H.influenzae 214
Haemolytic streptococci 153
Halogens 22
Hand-foot-and-mouth-disease 287
Hanging drop 90
Helicobacter pylori 208
Herpangina 287
Herpetic whitlow 297
Histoplasma capsulatum 414
Hot air oven 18
Human diploid cell vaccine 317
Human herpes virus-6 302
Human immunodeficiency virus 265
Human mycetismus 423
Hydrogen sulfide production 77
Hypersensitivity reactions 104
I
Immunodeficiency disease 104
Immunoelectrophoresis 112
Immunofluorescence 270
Immunohematology 105
Immunologic test for pregnancy 131
Immunological (antigen) test 452
Incineration 18
Incubation 98
Indole test 76
Infections associated with aids 314
Influenza 274
Influenza A and B viruses 266
Intestinal amoebiasis 326
Intestinal flukes 362
Intestinal worms 369
Intracytoplasmic inclusions 13
Iron haematoxylin stain 383
Isospora belli 334
K
Kala azar 345
Kaposi varicelliform eruption 297
Keratitis 297
Ketayama fever 366
Kinyoun acid-fast staining 82
Kinyoun method 94
Kinyoun’s carbol-fuchsin stain 95
Kirchner’s medium 37
Klebsiella 183
Koch’s postulates 4
Kuru 311
Kyasanur forest fever 294
L
Laboratory investigation 455
ascitic fluid 472
blood 484
cerebrospinal fluid 482
faeces 478
hydrocoele fluid 472
pus, ulcer material and skin specimens 466
sputum 461
throat and mouth swabs 464
urine 455
urogenital specimens 475
Laboratory methods in virology 261
direct detection methods 267
identification of viruses 272
specimen processing 263
based on requests for specific viruses 265
general principles 263
processing based on specimen type 264
specimen selection and collection 261
specimen: transport and storage 263
virus isolation 271
Lactophenol cotton blue 399
Lactophenol cotton blue mounting medium 86
Latex agglutination slide test 134
Leeches 443
Leishmania 345
Leptospira interrogans 237
Leucocyte esterase 459
Lice 443
Liver cysts 359
Loeffler’s methylene blue 79
Löwenstein-Jensen medium 38
with antibiotics 39
antibiotic stock solution 39
cycloserine 43
ethionamide 42
rifampicin 42
streptomycin 40
Lugol’s iodine 88
M
MacConkey agar 28
Maduromycosis 408
Malarial parasites 348
Mannitol motility medium 31
Mannitol motility test 72
Mannitol salt agar 31
Mantoux test 223
McFadyean’s reaction 170
Measles 304
Meningitis 224
Mesosomes 13
Metachromatic granules 83
Methyl red (MR) test 72
Methyl red indicator for MR test 44
Microbiology 3
Microscopic examination 378
Microscopy 5
binocular 6
darkground microscope 8
fluorescence microscopy 9
magnification 6
method of using light microscope 7
monocular 5
Microsporum 406
Midstream urine specimen 179
Modified acid-fast stained 83
Moist heat 18
Monsur’s gelatin taurocholate trypticase tellurite agar 205
Monsur’s taurocholate tellurite peptone water 204
Monsur’s tellurite taurocholate gelatin agar 56
Mosquitoes 444
Moulds 393
Mounting fluid 86
Mueller-Hinton agar 32
Mueller-Hinton haemoglobin agar 32
Mumps 303
Mycobacterium leprae 227
Mycobacterium tuberculosis 219
Mycology 393
Mycoplasmas 240
Mycoses by dimorphic fungi 437
Myocarditis pericarditis 287
N
Naegleria fowleri 338
Nagler’s medium 36
Negler reaction 176
Negri bodies 317
Neisseria meningitides 159
Nematodes 372
Neonatal infection 297
Neuraminidase 275
Neutral red test 221
Neutralisation 270
Niacin test 221
Non-gonococcal urethritis 163
Non-treponemal tests 122
Norwalk virus 292
Novy-Macneal-Nicolle (NMN) medium 56
Nucleus 13
Numerical aperture 7
Nutrient agar 28
Nutrient broth 27
P
Paediatric respiratory viruses 266
Parainfluenza viruses 276
Paralysis (poliomyelitis) 283
Paratyphoid fever 195
Petroff’s method 225
pH adjustment 57
Phallotoxins 423
Phenols 22
Phenyl pyruvic acid (PPA) test 73
Phlebotomus sandflies 445
Phycomycosis 438
Plasmodium 350
Pleurodynia 287
Poliovirus 285
Polychrome methylene blue 79
Polyenes 421
Ponder’s stain 84
Potassium iodide 422
Precipiation 108
Principles of antigen tests 452
Processing of specimens 384
Progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy 310
Progressive multifocal neuroencephalopathy 283
Promastigote 346
Pseudomonas aeruginosa 211
Pulmonary tuberculosis 224
Pus of liver abscess 326
R
Rabies 316
Racquet hyphae 426
Radial immune haemolysis 270
Radial immunodiffusion 112
Radiation 20
Radioimmunoassay (RIA) 269
Ramsay-Hunt syndrome 299
Rapid plasma reagin 235
Renal tuberculosis 224
Reporting of stool examination 382
Resistance ration method 98
Resolution 7
Respiratory syncytial virus 277
Reticulate (initial) body 247
Retroviruses 313
Reynold-Braude phenomenon 435
Rh blood group system 105
Rheumatoid arthritis test 134
Rhinoviruses 278
Ribosomes 12
Rice grain medium 57
Robertson’s cooked meat medium 50
Rotavirus 289
Rubella 305
S
Saline and lodine 379
Salmonella 192
Sarcoptes scabiei 445
Satellitism 214
Scarlet fever 151
Schaudin’s fixative 87
Schistosoma Haematobium 384
Selenite-F-enrichment broth 46
Serum telluite agar 46
Shell vial culture 272
Shigellae 188
Simmon’s citrate agar 46
Simple staining 90
Slide agglutination test 191
Slide culture technique 428
Sodium azide broth 47
Specimen collection 395
cerebrospinal fluid 396
pus and exudates 396
skin scrapings, nails, and hair 395
sputum 396
Spherical aberration 7
Spirochaetes 231
Sporothrix schenckii 408
Stain for Pneumocystis carinii 85
Staphylococci 139
bacteriophage typing 146
catalase test 143
coagulase test 143
deoxyribonuclease test 145
morphology 139
pathogenesis 141
phosphatase test 145
tellurite reduction 146
treatment 146
tube test 144
Sterilisation 17
Sterilization control 18
Streptococcus faecalis broth test 75
Streptococcus pyogenes biochemical reactions 149
laboratory diagnosis 152
non-suppurative complications 152
Streptozyme test 129
String test 76
Structure of viruses 253
Subculture 431
Sulfation reagent 86
Suramin 341
Syphilis 232
T
T.saginata and T.solium 356
Testing serum for antibodies 454
Thioglycollate broth 44
Thiosulphate cirate bile sucrose (TCBS) agar 205
Ticks 447
Titration 57
Todd-Hewitt broth 47
Togaviruses 293
Tolnaftate 422
Toxoplasma gondii 352
Trematodes 362
Treponema pallidum 231
Trichophyton 405
Trichuris 371
Triple sugar iron (TSI) agar 47
Trypanosoma brucei 340
Trypanosoma cruzi 342
Trypticase soy broth 48
Tsetse fly 446
Tuberculin test 222
Tumourogenic mycotoxins 424
Tween 80 hydrolysis 222
Typhoid fever 195
Typhoid vaccine 201
U
Urea agar 48
Urea broth for mycobacteria 49
Ureas test 404
Urinary tract infection 178
Urine culture 197
Urogenital swab 384
V
V.cholerae 202
Venereal disease research laboratory (VDRL) test 123
Venkatraman-Ramakrishnan (VR) medium 203
Viral serology 267
Viridans streptococci 155
Virion 254
Virulence test 168
Virus haemagglutinin 275
Voges-Proskauer (VP) test 75
Voriconazole 421
W
Warts 312
Weil’s disease 238
Weil-Felix test 118
Willis and Hobbs medium 50
Wilson and Blair medium 33
Wood’s lamp examination 429
Wuchereria bancrofti 372