Jaypee Brothers
In Current Chapter
In All Chapters
X
Clear
X
GO
Normal
Sepia
Dark
Default Style
Font Style 1
Font Style 2
Font Style 3
Less
Normal
More
Mastering Advanced Surface Ablation Techniques
Ashok Garg, Frank Jozef Goes, Cyres K Mehta, Christopher J Rapuano
SECTION 1: EVOLUTION AND RESURGENCE OF SURFACE ABLATIONS
CHAPTER 1:
The Excimer Laser as a New Surface Approach
INITIAL SURFACE APPROACH
ADVANCED SURFACE ABLATIONS
Indications for Surface Ablations
Methods for Epithelial Removal
PEARLS FOR THE CARE IN SURFACE ABLATION PATIENTS
CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 2:
Biophysics for Thermal and Non-Thermal Laser Processes
INTRODUCTION
THE KEY ISSUES
LASER PRINCIPLES
LASER PARAMETERS
LIGHT-MATTER INTERACTION
LASER-TISSUE INTERACTION
Radioactive type (or tissue auto fluorescence)
Non-radioactive types (Table 2.2)
COLD vs. HOT LASERS
SELECTIVE INTERACTION
FREQUENCY CONVERSION (LIN, 1989)
Harmonic Generation (Figure 2.7)
Raman Shift (SRS)
OPO
NONLINEAR PROCESSES (BOYD, 1992)
LASER PHACOEMULSIFICATION
CONCLUSION AND NEW DIRECTIONS
CHAPTER 3:
Regenerative Aspects of Excimer Laser Ablation
INTRODUCTION
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Clinical Characteristics of Examined Patients
Screening System for Studying Functional Tear Complex
Method of Investigation of Biochemical Composition of Lachrymal Fluid (LF)
Method of Confocal Microscopy of the Cornea
Technology of Keratorefractive Surgeries
Technology of LASIK Procedure
Technology of PRK Operation
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Results of Complex Dynamic Examination of Patients of the First Main Group After KRO
Investigation of FTC
Confocal Microscopy
CHAPTER 4:
Different Techniques to Change the Corneal Surface
INTRODUCTION
ANATOMY OF THE CORNEA
NONSURGICAL TECHNIQUE
Contact Lens
Orthokeratology
SURGICAL TECHNIQUES
Removing Tissue
Keratomileusis in Situ
Freeze Myopic Keratomileusis
Automated Lamellar Keratoplasty (ALK)
Photorefractive Keratectomy (PRK)
Laser in Situ Keratomileusis (LASIK)
Laser Assisted Subepithelial Keratectomy (LASEK)
Adding Tissue
Keratophakia
Epikeratophakia (Epikeratoplasty)
Lamellar Keratoplasty
By Heat
Conductive Keratoplasty (CK)
Laser Thermal Keratoplasty (LTK)
By Weakening the Cornea
Radial Keratotomy (RK)
DISCUSSION
CHAPTER 5:
Resurgences of Surface Ablations
INTRODUCTION
PHOTO REFRACTIVE KERATECTOMY (PRK): THE INITIAL PHASE
LASIK
PRK: The Second Coming
LASEK
Epilasik
CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 6:
Pearls of Surface Ablation: When and How?
INTRODUCTION
TECHNIQUES
PRK
LASEK
Epi-LASIK
AA-PRK
Indications
Surgical Technique
Results
Complications
CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 7:
Advances of Solid-State Ophthalmic Laser Technologies
INTRODUCTION
PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY (PDT)
LASER PHACOEMULSIFICATION
GLAUCOMA LASERS
REFRACTIVE LASERS
SOLID-STATE 213-NM LASIK SYSTEM
Generation of UV-213 nm
Ablation Rates
The Advantages of 213 nm Laser
NEW DIRECTIONS
CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 8:
New Techniques for Improving Laser Ablation Efficiency and Accuracy
INTRODUCTION
KEY FACTORS
LASIK ACCURACY
Optimal Scanning Parameters
Optimal Parameters for Procedure Time
Thermal Model of Laser Ablation
Aberration Rate Calibration
ABLATION ALGORITHMS
High-order Term
Optimized Transition Zone (OTZ)
Corneal Asphericity Change
Q-factor Customized Ablation
Limitations of CCR
CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 9:
The Genetic Effect on Anterior Corneal Aberration
OPTICAL ABERRATIONS IN HUMAN EYES
ANTERIOR CORNEAL ABERRATIONS
CAUSES OF ANTERIOR CORNEAL ABERRATIONS
THE TWIN STUDY OF ANTERIOR CORNEAL ABERRATIONS
COMPARISON OF ABERRATIONS BETWEEN BOTH EYES
PREVIOUS STUDIES OF HERITABILITY ON REFRACTION
LIMITATIONS OF MEASUREMENTS ON ANTERIOR CORNEAL ABERRATIONS
CHAPTER 10:
Comparative Profile of Methods for IOL Power Calculation After Incisional and Photoablative Refractive Surgery
CORNEAL POWER AFTER KERATOREFRACTIVE SURGERY
Change of Corneal Asphericity
Change of Ratio between Anterior and Posterior Corneal Surfaces
THEORY
Gullstrand's Schematic Eye
The Real Eye
KERATOMETRIC REFRACTIVE INDEX AFTER LASER ABLATIVE REFRACTIVE SURGERY
THE EFFECTIVE LENS POSITION: ANOTHER SOURCE OF ERROR
INTRAOCULAR LENS POWER CALCULATION AFTER REFRACTIVE CORNEAL SURGERY
Empirical Method
Clinical History Methods
Contact Lens Method
Topographic Data
Consideration of Posterior Corneal Curvature
Method Based on Correlation between Axial Eye Length and Corneal Radius Correcting Factor
Method Based on Correlation between Axial Eye Length and a Theoretical Variable Keratometric Refractive Index
Method based on Correlation between Actual Corneal Curvature and Corneal Power Correcting Factor
Modifying the Final Value of the IOL as a Function of the SIRC
Refraction-derived Method
Aphakic Intraoperative Refraction Techniques
THE CAMELLIN-CALOSSI FORMULA
Incisional Refractive Surgery
Laser Ablative Refractive Surgery
CLINICAL DATA
CHAPTER 11:
Update on IOL Power Calculations After Corneal Refractive Surgery
INTRODUCTION
STRATEGIES TO BE USED WHEN PRIOR DATA IS AVAILABLE
The History Method1
The DBR Method2
Using Corneal Topography3
The Double K Method4
Theoretical Formula 20046
Modified Keratometry Method3
Corrected Keratometry7
Back Calculated IOL Power8
Example
Example
Nomogram Based Adjustment of IOL Power11
Example
Corrected Refractive Index Method12
STRATEGIES TO BE USED WHEN PRIOR DATA IS NOT AVAILABLE
Corneal Topography13
The Hard Contact Lens Method15
Example
Regression Derived Clinical Method17
Example
Intraoperative Retinoscopy18
The Gaussian Optics Formula21
Theoretical Variable Refractive Index Method22
CHAPTER 12:
Advanced Surface Ablation Techniques: Current Scenario
INTRODUCTION
PHOTOREFRACTIVE KERATECTOMY (PRK)
EPI-LASIK
LASEK (E-LASIK)
TRANSEPITHELIAL PRK
SBK
CUSTOM SURFACE ABLATION (CSA)
CHAPTER 13:
My Journey with Surface Ablation
INTRODUCTION
CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 14:
Advances in Refractive Surgery: Surface Ablation
INTRODUCTION
LASIK
Epi-LASIK
Safety Favors the Epi-Lasik Procedure in Steeper Eyes
Newer Design Epi-Keratomes Work Better on Steep Corneas
SECTION 2: ADVANCED SURFACE ABLATION TECHNIQUE I: PRK
CHAPTER 15:
PRK Patient Evaluation
INTRODUCTION
PATIENT EXPECTATIONS
HISTORY
Social History
Medical History
Ocular History
EXAMINATION
Visual Acuity and Refraction
Pupillary, Ocular Motility, Confrontation Field and Orbital Anatomy Evaluation
Intraocular Pressure
Slit Lamp Evaluation
Dilated Fundus Evaluation
ADDITIONAL TESTING
Corneal Topography
Pachymetry
Wavefront Analysis
DISCUSSION AND INFORMED CONSENT
CHAPTER 16:
PRK for Low to Moderate Myopia
INTRODUCTION
CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 17:
The History of PRK and the Position of PRK in Refractive Surgery Today
INTRODUCTION
CLINICAL RESULTS
COMPLICATIONS
LASER EPITHELIAL KERATOMILEUSIS LASEK
SUMMARY
CHAPTER 18:
The Excimer Laser as Instrument in Phototherapeutic Laser Treatment
INTRODUCTION
RECURRENT EROSION
How we Treated?
Conclusion
ANISOMETROPIA DUE TO IATROGENICALLY PRODUCED REFRACTIVE ERRORS
Treatment
Conclusion
KERATOCONUS
Conclusion
ASTIGMATISM
Conclusion
CORNEAL SCARS
Traumatic Scars
Scars after keratitis (Virogen, bacterial)
Evaluation
Treatments
Corneal Dystrophies
Conclusion
BAND KERATOPATHY
Conclusion
PTERYGIUM
Conclusion
SUMMARY
CHAPTER 19:
Myopic Photorefractive Keratectomy using Solid State Laser
INTRODUCTION
LASERS PRINCIPLES OF FUNCTION
Achieving the Fifth Harmonic
CustomVis Pulzar Z1 Solid State Laser
CLINICAL RESULTS
Experimental Corneal Histology
Light Microscopy (LM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM)
Confocal Microscopy Analysis
CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 20:
Wavefront Guided Photorefractive Keratectomy—Today and the Future
INTRODUCTION
WHAT IS WAVEFRONT TECHNOLOGY?
CUSTOM WAVEFRONT PRK
CLINICAL RESULTS
LIMITATIONS
SUMMARY
CHAPTER 21:
Mitomycin C in Surface Ablation: Benefits and Practical Use
INTRODUCTION
MITOMYCIN C: MECHANISMS OF ACTION
INTERACTION OF MMC WITH THE CORNEAL WOUND HEALING MECHANISMS AFTER SURFACE ABLATION
Corneal Wound Healing after Surface Ablation
MMC: Histopathologic effect on the Cornea
Use of Mitomycin C in Opthalmology Use of Mitomycin C in Pterygium and Glaucoma Surgeries
Use of Mitomycin C in Ocular Surface Neoplasias
Use of Mitomycin C in Corneal Refractive Surgery
First Uses in Corneal Refractive Surgery
Current Use in Advanced Surface Ablation
Dose and Exposure Time
Preparation and Application
ADVERSE EFFECTS ON THE CORNEA
Effect on the Corneal Epithelium
Effect on the Development of Normal Corneal Epithelium after Surface Ablation
Effect on the Development of Epithelial Hyperplasia after Surface Ablation
Effect on the Corneal Stroma
Long-term Effect of Surface Ablation on Keratocyte Population
Long-term Effect of Surface Ablation with Mitomycin C on Keratocyte Population
Effect on the Corneal Endothelium
CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 22:
Cross-Linking Plus Topography-Guided PRK for Post-LASIK Ectasia Management
INTRODUCTION
OPTIONS FOR TREATMENT
IMPROVEMENT IN VISUAL ACUITY
TREATMENT OF IATROGENIC KERATECTASIA
MINIMAL CORNEAL THICKNESS
CHAPTER 23:
Wavefront Optimization and Astigmatism Correction with the Allegret to® Excimer Laser
INTRODUCTION
NORMAL CORNEAL SHAPE AND ASPHERICITY
SPHERICAL ABERRATION (Figure 23.8)
WAVEFRONT OPTIMIZED TECHNOLOGY9
CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS
ASTIGMATISM
Types of Astigmatism
Based on Axis of the Principal Meridians
Based on Focus of the Principal Meridians
PHOTOREFRACTIVE EXCIMER LASER ASTIGMATIC CORRECTION
WAVEFRONT-GUIDED LASER VISION CORRECTION
CONCLUSION (Figure 23.16)
CHAPTER 24:
Optical Quality Analysis after Surface Excimer Laser Ablation
INTRODUCTION
ASSESSMENT OF OPTICAL QUALITY
Image Blur of the Human Eye
Light Scatter
Diffraction
Optical Aberration
Assessment of Optical Quality
WAVEFRONT ABERRATION
Wavefront Aberration and Ocular Aberration
Description of Wavefront Aberration
Measurement of Wavefront Aberration
Wavefront aberration and surface laser ablation (PRK, LASEK, Epi-LASIK Surgery)
Ocular higher-order aberrations features analysis after surface laser ablation surgery
Ocular Higher-order Aberrations and Complication after Surgery
MODULATION TRANSFER FUNCTION
MTF and Surface Laser Ablation
ASSESSMENT OF VISUAL PERFORMANCE
Contrast Sensitivity Function (CSF)
Contrast sensitivity & Refractive Surgery
CHAPTER 25:
Treatment of Epithelial Irregular Astigmatism
INTRODUCTION
LASER VS. MECHANICAL CORRECTIONS
EPITHELIAL HEALING AFTER PTK
INDICATIONS
PREOPERATIVE EVALUATION
DIFFERENT TECHNIQUES TO TREAT SURFACE IRREGULARITIES
EPITHELIAL IRREGULAR ASTIGMATISM
SURGICAL TECHNIQUE
CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 26:
Excimer Laser PRK and Corneal Scars: Refractive Surgery to the Rescue
INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER 27:
Corneal Wound Healing after Excimer Laser Ablation
INTRODUCTION
ANATOMY OF CORNEA
CORNEAL WOUND HEALING
CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 28:
The Effect of Moxifloxacin and Gatifloxacin on Short-term and Long-term Outcomes following PRK
INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER 29:
Prophylactic Mitomycin C to Inhibit Haze Formation after Photorefractive Keratectomy for Residual Myopia following Radial Keratotomy
INTRODUCTION
HAZE
PRK AFTER RK
MITOMYCIN C
OUR PERSONAL EXPERIENCE
CHAPTER 30:
Recent Advances in Photorefractive Keratectomy
INTRODUCTION
PRK WITH MMC
Haze after PRK
Mitomycin C use as Prophylaxis and Treatment for Haze
Surgical Technique of PRK with MMC
Mitomycin C Side Effects
ASCORBATE PROPHYLAXIS AFTER PRK
WAVEFRONT-GUIDED PRK
Comparison between Standard PRK and Wavefront-guided PRK
TOPOGRAPHY-GUIDED PRK
Q FACTOR CUSTOMIZED PRK
PRK IN THE TREATMENT OF PRESBYOPIA
PRK WITH SOLID STATE LASERS
CHAPTER 31:
Clinical Comparisons Regarding Surface Ablation between H EYE TECH B and L and MEL 80 Zeiss Excimer Laser
AIM
PATIENTS AND METHODS
SURGERY PROCEDURE LASEK
DATA ANALYSIS
RESULTS
DISCUSSION
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
CHAPTER 32:
PRK — Past, Present and Future
ADVANCED SURFACE ABLATION
SECTION 3: ADVANCED SURFACE ABLATION TECHNIQUE II: EPI-LASIK
CHAPTER 33:
Epi-LASIK Personal Experience with the Amadeus II
EPI-LASIK PRINCIPLE—INDICATIONS
What is Epi-LASIK?
Pallikaris and Epi-LASIK
EPI-LASIK TECHNIQUE COMPARED TO OTHER SURFACE OR STROMAL TECHNIQUES
Several studies compared comfort, pain and predictability between epi-LASIK and LASEK–PRK.
Different Studies Evaluated the Clinical Results of Epi-LASIK
Histological Studies were Performed by Several Authors
Differences in Corneal Sensitivity Rehabilitation were noted by Kalyvianaki
The Effect on Haze Formation was Studied by Long et al
AMADEUS II — PRODUCT DESCRIPTION
The Amadeus II
Benefits of Amadeus II
A Predictable Result Starts with Superior Materials
Amadeus II Microkeratome: Technical Data
Indications for Use
Device Description
Designed with Flexibility in Mind
AMADEUS II FOR LASIK
MITOMYCINE C
Personal Comment
ADVANTAGES OF EPI-LASIK — SEPARATE REVIEW-LATEST UPDATES
Take or Leave the Flap The Jury's Still Out
UCVA and BCVA Improving During follow-up: Reports XXIV Congress of ESCRS
Under the Microscope
INDICATIONS
Surface versus Intrastromal in Belgium
Personal Indications for Surface-Epi-LASIK
WHY THE AMADEUS II?
Complications
Technique
Excimer Laser Treatment
RESULTS OF EPI-LASIK USING AMADEUS II
Methods
Preoperative Data
Comment
CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 34:
Presby-Epi-LASIK in Pseudophakic Eyes with the Wavelight Allegretto
INTRODUCTION
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN Q VALUE ASPHERICITY AND AMOUNT OF SPHERICAL ABERRATIONS
WHY EPI-LASIK IS NECESSARY IN SOME CASES
INTEREST OF USING A SPHERICAL ABERRATION FREE IOL TO CORRECT PRESBYOPIA IN PSEUDO-PHAKIC EYE
WHAT HAPPENS WITH Q VALUE AND SA DURING ACCOMMODATION
Three Profiles of Centred Presby-LASIK which can Give Q = – 1.00
Distant Vision in Central Cornea
Near Vision in Central Cornea
Direct Q Value Adjustment with F-CAT
Preferential Multifocality could be a Good Compromise
CLINICAL EXAMPLES
Distant Vision in Central Cornea
Near Vision in Central Cornea
T-CAT is the Clue
CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 35:
Advances in Epi-LASIK: Surface Ablation Procedure
INTRODUCTION
EPI-LASIK: AN EVOLVING TECHNIQUE
HISTOLOGICAL FINDINGS OF MECHANICALLY SEPARATED EPITHELIAL SHEETS
EPI-LASIK: THE SURGICAL PROCEDURE
POSTOPERATIVE TREATMENT
EARLY POSTOPERATIVE COURSE
CLINICAL RESULTS
CONCLUSIONS
CHAPTER 36:
Angle Kappa Management
INTRODUCTION
PATIENTS AND METHODS
HOW TO MEASURE AND COMPENSATE ANGLE KAPPA
DISCUSSION
CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 37:
Pain Reduction after Epi-LASIK
INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER 38:
Painless Epi-LASIK
INTRODUCTION
SURGERY PROCEDURE
Epi-trephine Assisted LASEK Technique
Epi-LASIK Technique
ADVANTAGES OF ROTATIONAL EPIKERATOME
POSTOPERATIVE MANAGEMENT
Bandage Contact Lens
Eyedrops
CHAPTER 39:
Epi-LASIK with Mitomycin C
INTRODUCTION
Reasons for Resurgence of Surface Ablations
HISTOLOGICAL FINDINGS
PRINCIPLE OF EPI-LASIK
PROCEDURE
INTRAOPERATIVE COURSE
POSTOPERATIVE TREATMENT
CLINICAL DEDUCTIONS
CONCLUSION
SECTION 4: ADVANCED SURFACE ABLATION TECHNIQUE III: LASEK
CHAPTER 40:
Advances in Excimer Laser Subepithelial Ablation (ELSA) or LASEK
INTRODUCTION
SURGICAL PROCEDURE
SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS
POSTOPERATIVE MEDICATION
CLINICAL RESULTS
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF LASEK
CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 41:
Pearls and Pitfalls of LASEK
INTRODUCTION
LASEK
Surgical Considerations
LASEK with Mitomycin C
Follow-up
Disadvantages of LASEK
Postoperative Pain
Buttonholing
Blurred Vision
Corneal Haze
LASEK IN RELATION TO PRK AND EPI-LASIK
CHAPTER 42:
LASEK Procedure with the Use of Mitomycin C
INTRODUCTION
SUMMARY
CHAPTER 43:
Corneal Permeability after LASEK Measured with Fluorophotometry
INTRODUCTION
PATIENTS AND METHODS
LASEK
Preparation of Ocular Gelling Minitablets
Fluorophotometry
Statistical Analysis
RESULTS
DISCUSSION
CONCLUSION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
CHAPTER 44:
Laser Epithelial Keratomileusis (LASEK) for the Correction of Hyperopia
INTRODUCTION
REFRACTIVE AND VISUAL OUTCOMES OF H-LASEK
REFRACTIVE STABILITY
POTENTIAL COMPLICATIONS
DISTURBANCES OF CORNEAL TRANSPARENCY (HAZE) AFTER H-LASEK
CORNEAL ABERRATIONS AFTER H-LASEK
SPECIAL ASPECTS OF PREOPERATIVE ASSESS-MENT AND COUNSELING FOR H-LASEK
OPERATIVE CONSIDERATIONS FOR H-LASEK
CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 45:
The Disruption and Healing of Corneal Nerve Fibers after Laser Subepithelial Keratomileusis
INTRODUCTION
DISTRIBUTION OF CORNEAL NERVES
DISRUPTION PATTERN AND HEALING PROCESS OF CORNEAL NERVES
After LASIK
After Epi-LASIK or LASEK
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN EPI-LASIK AND LASEK
CHAPTER 46:
Update on LASEK
INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER 47:
Management of Corneal Haze after LASEK with Mitomycin C
INTRODUCTION
History
Operation Done
Complication
Management
DISCUSSION
CHAPTER 48:
Advanced Surface Ablations
INTRODUCTION
Surface Ablation
TECHNIQUES FOR ADVANCED SURFACE ABLATION
Optical Issues
Haze and Pain Management
Ectasia
LASER EPITHELIAL KERATOMILEUSIS: CLINICAL RESULTS
LASEK
Effect of Corneal Exposure to Alcohol Solutions
Epithelial Cleavage
Epithelial Cell Viability after Alcohol Exposure
MARKET DEVELOPMENT OF EPI-LASIK
LASIK, EPI-LASIK
FLAP REMOVAL
OTHER SURFACE ABLATION MODALITIES
HAZE AND PAIN MANAGEMENT
SUMMARY
Hazy View of Things
Combine Old with New
Moderate Correction = No Haze
Old Reliable Vitamin C
Strong Medicine
It's All in the flap
A Flap That's Not a Flap
LASEK Flap Loss Means PRK
Advantages and Disadvantages
CHAPTER 49:
Pitfalls in Advanced Surface Ablations
INTRODUCTION
THE BOTTOM LINE
ADVANCED SURFACE ABLATION TECHNIQUES
Laser
Laser Assisted in situ Keratomileusis
Laser Assisted Epithelium Keratomileusis
Automated Lamellar Keratoplasty
Photorefractive Keratectomy
Point Spread Function
Surface Ablation
CORNEAL TOPOGRAPHY AND THE TEAR FILM
IOP AND REFRACTIVE SURGERY
GLAUCOMA AND REFRACTIVE SURGERY
CHECK-LIST
Check-list Pre-Operatively for IOP
Check-list Intraoperatively for IOP
Check-list Postoperatively for IOP
SURGICAL PROCESSES AND PROCEDURES
Equipment used in Clinic
Step by Step Procedure
Pre-and Postoperative Procedures
Additional Post-Operative Instructions
SECTION 5: INNOVATIONS IN SURFACE ABLATION TECHNIQUES
CHAPTER 50:
Sub-Bowman's Keratomileusis: Combining the Best of PRK and LASIK for Optimal Outcomes
INTRODUCTION
THE EVOLUTION
BIOMECHANICAL EVIDENCE
THE SBK VS. PRK STUDY
Patient Demographics
Surgical Techniques for SBK and PRK
Measurement of Results
OCT Anterior Segment Imaging
Pascal Dynamic Contour Tonometer
Artemis 2
Ocular Response Analyzer
OQAS (Optical Quality Analysis System)
STUDY RESULTS
Flap Thickness Results
Visual Results
Retinal Image Quality
Contrast Visual Acuity
Wavefront Aberrometry
Biomechanical Results
ORA Results
Pascal Tonometer
Dry Eye and Corneal Sensitivity Results
Dry Eye
Corneal Sensitivity Results
Subjective Results
Pain Response Results
Satisfaction with Vision
Patient Complaints
SIGNIFICANCE OF RESULTS
CHAPTER 51:
Advances in Epi-LASIK and LASEK
INTRODUCTION
METHODS
Patients
Examination
Surgery Procedures
Surgery Procedure LASEK
Epi-LASIK Surgery Procedure
Comparison of the Different Techniques
Data Analyisis
RESULTS
Efficiency
Predictability
Safety
DISCUSSION
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
CHAPTER 52:
One-shot Epithelium-Rhexis: Personal Technique
INTRODUCTION
Questions
Description
CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 53:
Transepithelial Cross-linking for the Treatment of Keratoconus
INTRODUCTION
CORNEAL COLLAGEN NETWORKS
PHOTOCHEMICAL CROSS-LINKING
RIBOFLAVIN-UVA TREATMENT
CORNEAL EPITHELIUM
CHAPTER 54:
cTEN™ - Custom Transepithelial “No-touch, One-step, All-laser” Refractive and Therapeutic Ablations with the IVIS™ Suite
INTRODUCTION
DIAGNOSTIC PRODUCTS
Precisio™ - High Definition Corneal and Anterior Chamber Tomography
Clinical Applications
pMetrics™ - Dynamic Pupil Assessment and Ideal Pupil Determination
The Ideal Pupil
SURGICAL DESIGN PRODUCTS
CIPTA™ – Corneal Interactive Programmed Topographic Ablation
Morphologic Axis vs. Optic Axis
cTEN™ - Custom Transepithelial “No-touch, One-step, All-laser” Treatment Strategy
Variable Width Constant Slope Transition Zone
CLAT™ – Corneal Lamellar Ablation for Transplantation
iRES™ - High Resolution, Ultra-fast Custom Refractive and Custom Therapeutic Laser
Constant Frequency per Area™
CLINICAL APPLICATIONS
CHAPTER 55:
Ocular Pharmacokinetics in Advanced Surface Ablations
INTRODUCTION
PHOTOREFRACTIVE KERATECTOMY (PRK)
Preoperative Ocular Therapeutics
Topical Anesthesia
Dosage
Postoperative (Postprocedure) Therapeutic Management
Epithelial Defect Closure
Patching
Bandage Contact Lens
Collagen Shield
Post PRK Management
Modulation of Refractive and Visual Results
Corneal wound healing following excimer laser ablation
Corneal Haze (Post PRK)
RECENT UPDATE IN POST PRK MEDICATIONS
EPI-LASIK AND LASEK
Pre-procedure Therapeutic Medications
Topical Anesthesia
Postprocedure Therapeutic Medications
Phases of Healing
CHAPTER 56:
Theoretical Aspects of Customized Surface Ablation
INTRODUCTION
REFRACTION POWER IN HUMAN EYE
REFRACTIVE ERROR (D)
LASIK PROCEDURE TIME
LASIK ABLATION RATE
BIFOCAL (PRESBY-LASIK)
Asphericity Comparison
MIXED ASTIGMATISM
LASIK ABLATION NOMOGRAMS
Spherical Surface
Aspherical Surface
Asphericity Control
SURFACE ABERRATION
CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 57:
Clinical Aspects of Highorder Aberration after Myopia LASIK
INTRODUCTION
METHODS
RESULTS
DISCUSSIONS
Data Analysis
Age-dependence
Whole-eye Spherical Aberration
CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 58:
Solid State Lasers for Advanced Surface Ablation
BASIC LASER BACKGROUND
Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation
Laser Pumps
Laser Media
Common Properties of Lasers
EXCIMER LASER
Basic Concepts
Disadvantages of Excimer Laser
High Voltage Requirement
Early Replacement of Special Switch
Corrosiveness and Toxicity of Fluorine Gas
Recurrent Expenses of Excimer Gases
High cost for Proper Storage of Toxic Gases and Training of a Technician
Hydration Dependence of 193nm
Other Disadvantages of Excimer Laser
SOLID STATE LASERS IN REFRACTIVE SURGERY
SOLID STATE LASER
History
Present Situation
Future of Solid State Laser
Technical Advantages of Solid State Laser
Solid State Technology
Advantages of Solid State Laser
213 nm Wavelength
Benefits of the 213 nm Wavelength Include
Tissue Hydration Study
Clinical Advantage
HISTOPATHOLOGICAL COMPARISION OF PHOTOREFRACTIVE KERATECTOMY (PRK) IN RABBITS WITH 193 NM AND 213 NM
Introduction
Methods
Analysis
Discussion
SCIENTIFIC BENEFITS
0.6 MM FLYING GAUSSIAN BEAM SPOT
CRYSTALSCAN
CORNEAL HYDRATION DURING ABLATION
NOMOGRAM ADJUSTMENT
ANYTIME SURGERY – FREEDOM TO DO SURGERIES AT YOUR CONVENIENCE
LESS MAINTAINANCE AND COST
THE BOTTOM LINE
CHAPTER 59:
Advances in Femtosecond Laser
INTRODUCTION
METHODS
RESULTS
Minimum incident energy required to produce plasma
Size of the Cavitation Bubbles
Group-2 Corneas
Group-1 corneas (Figure 59.5)
DISCUSSION
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
SUMMARY
Results
CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 60:
Advanced Surface Ablation (ASA)
BACKGROUND
TYPES OF REFRACTIVE LASERS
Excimer Lasers
Solid State Lasers
INTERACTION OF REFRACTIVE LASERS AND CORNEAL TISSUE
Corneal Wound Healing
Epithelial Healing
Stromal Healing
Growth Factors and Wound Healing
Regeneration of Corneal Nerves
Summary
CORNEAL BIOMECHANICS
PREOPERATIVE EVALUATION
Ophthalmic Examination
INDICATIONS
SURGICAL TECHNIQUES
PRK
LASEK
Epi-LASIK
Phototherapeutic Keratectomy (PTK)
Indications for PTK
Depth Offset
Custom Surface Ablation (CSA)
IMPORTANT FEATURES OF REFRACTIVE LASERS
Eye Tracking
Cyclorotation Correction
Bandage Contact Lenses (BCL)
COMPLICATIONS
Corneal Haze and Opacification
Grades of Corneal Haze
Pharmacological Modulation of Wound Healing
Dry Eye
Epithelial Complications
Under- and Over-correction
Infectious Keratitis
COMPARISON OF 193 NM AND 213 NM WAVELENGTHS
Importance of Corneal Hydration during Ablation
Tissue Hydration Study on Surface Treatments
Treatment Times/Ablation Rates
HISTOPATHOLOGICAL COMPARISON OF PRK IN RABBITS
Introduction
Methods
Analysis
Discussion
CONCLUSION
CHAPTER 61:
Advances in Corneoplastique™: Art of Laser Vision Surgery
INTRODUCTION
INDICATIONS OF CORNEOPLASTIQUE ™
CORNEOPLASTIQUE ™ IN ACTION
CHAPTER 62:
Corneal Biomechanical Properties
INTRODUCTION
TERMINOLOGY
Corneal Hysteresis
Corneal Resistance Factor
OCULAR RESPONSE ANALYZER ORA
CORNEAL BIOMECHANICAL PROPERTIES IN NORMAL, KERATOCONIC EYES AND POST-LASIK EYES
CHAPTER 63:
Surface Ablation after Laser in situ Keratomileusis; Retreatment on the Flap
INTRODUCTION
TECHNIQUE
CHAPTER 64:
Surface Retreatments for Residual Myopic Refractive Errors after LASIK
RATIONALE
LASEK RETREATMENT TECHNIQUE
OUTCOMES AND COMPLICATIONS
INDEX
TOC
Index
×
Chapter Notes
Save
Clear