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Retina Atlas: A Global Perspective
Sandeep Saxena, RC Saxena
SECTION 1:
CHAPTER 1:
Fluorescein Angiography and Indocyanine Green Angiography
Fluorescein Angiography
Indocyanine Green Angiography
Scanning Laser Ophthalmoscope-based Angiography
CHAPTER 2:
Optical Coherence Tomography
CHAPTER 3:
B-scan Ultrasonography
CHAPTER 4:
Microperimetry
CHAPTER 5:
Multifocal Electroretinogram
CHAPTER 6:
Retina Viewing Lenses and Systems
Wide-angle Viewing Systems
Systems
Lenses
Wide-angle Non-contact Viewing Systems
Systems
Advantages and Disadvantages of Wide-angle Contact and Non-contact Viewing Systems
Wide-angle Contact Viewing Systems
Advantages
Disadvantages
Wide-angle Non-contact Viewing Systems
Advantages
Disadvantages
SECTION 2: PART 1: RETINAL VASCULAR DISORDERS
CHAPTER 7:
Diabetic Retinopathy
Retinal Lesions
Diabetic Macular Edema
Levels of Diabetic Retinopathy
Non-proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy
Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy
Optical Coherence Tomography
Intraretinal Changes
Inner Retinal Boundary
Tractional Macular Edema
Assessment of Macular Edema on Retinal Map Analysis
Non-proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy
B-scan Ultrasonography
Laser Photocoagulation
Focal and Grid Laser in Diabetic Maculopathy
Technique
Focal Laser Photo coagulation
Grid Laser Photocoagulation
Scatter Laser in Diabetic Retinopathy
Technique
Intravitreal Triamcinolone Acetonide
Anti-VEGF Therapy
Pars Plana Vitrectomy
Indications
Contraindications
Membrane Surgery
YAG Laser Hyaloidotomy
Vitrectomy for Diabetic Macular Edema
CHAPTER 8:
Central Retinal Vein Occlusion
CHAPTER 9:
Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion
Hemi-retinal Vein Occlusion
CHAPTER 10:
Retinal Artery Occlusion
CHAPTER 11:
Plasma Protein Risk Factors for Retinal Vascular Occlusive Diseases
Protein C Deficiency and Resistance to Activated Protein C
Antiphospholipid-protein Antibodies
CHAPTER 12:
Ocular Ischemic Syndrome
CHAPTER 13:
Retinal Artery Macroaneurysm
CHAPTER 14:
Parafoveal Telangiectasis
CHAPTER 15:
Hypertensive Fundus Changes
CHAPTER 16:
Coats' Disease
CHAPTER 17:
Eales' Disease
CHAPTER 18:
Hemoglobinopathies
CHAPTER 19:
Retinal Vascular Changes Caused by Hematologic Disorders
Retinopathy Associated with Anemia and Leukemia
Retinopathy Associated with Hyperviscosity
CHAPTER 20:
Malarial Retinopathy
CHAPTER 21:
Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever
CHAPTER 22:
Takayasu's Disease
CHAPTER 23:
Retinopathy of Prematurity
PART 2: MACULAR DISORDERS
CHAPTER 24:
Age-related Macular Degeneration
Age-related Maculopathy
Soft Drusen
Geographic Atrophy
Exudative Age-related Macular Degeneration
Classic Choroidal Vascularization
Occult Choroidal Neovascularization
Typical Occult Choroidal Neovascularization
Fibrovascular Pigment Epithelium Detachment
Serous Retinal Pigment Epithelium Detachment and Occult Choroidal Neovascularization
Retinal Angiomatous Proliferation
Idiopathic Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy
Treatment
Conventional (Direct) Laser Treatment
Feeder Vessel Treatment
Intravitreal Triamcinolone with Photodynamic Therapy in Neovascular Age-related Macular Degeneration
Anti-VEGF Therapy in Neovascular Age-related Macular Degeneration
Characteristics of Different Anti-VEGFs
Subfoveal Choroidal Neovascular Membrane Removal
Macular Translocation
Submacular Hemorrhage Removal
CHAPTER 25:
Angioid Streaks
CHAPTER 26:
Ocular Histoplasmosis
CHAPTER 27:
Central Serous Chorioretinopathy
CHAPTER 28:
Postsurgical Cystoid Macular Edema
CHAPTER 29:
Myopia
CHAPTER 30:
Photic Retinopathy
Solar Retinopathy
PART 3: VITREORETINAL SURGICAL DISORDERS
CHAPTER 31:
Epiretinal Membranes, Pseudoholes and Vitreomacular Traction Syndrome
Epiretinal Membranes
Pseudoholes
Vitreomacular Traction Syndrome
CHAPTER 32:
Idiopathic Macular Hole
Biomicroscopic Staging (Gass)
Optical Coherence Tomography Staging
CHAPTER 33:
Retinal Detachment
Classification of Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy (Retina Society)
Revised Classification of Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy (Machemer and Associates)
Grade C Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy Described by Type of Contraction
Lasers in Retinal Detachment: Prophylactic/Delimiting
CHAPTER 34:
Coloboma of the Choroid
PART 4: INFLAMMATORY DISORDERS
CHAPTER 35:
Acute Posterior Multifocal Placoid Pigment Epitheliopathy
CHAPTER 36:
Serpiginous Choroiditis
CHAPTER 37:
Ampigenous Choroiditis
CHAPTER 38:
Multifocal Choroiditis
CHAPTER 39:
Punctate Inner Choroidopathy
CHAPTER 40:
Multiple Evanescent White Dot Syndrome
CHAPTER 41:
Birdshot Retinochoroidopathy
CHAPTER 42:
Sympathetic Ophthalmia
CHAPTER 43:
Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Syndrome
CHAPTER 44:
Intermediate Uveitis
CHAPTER 45:
Subretinal Fibrosis and Uveitis Syndrome
CHAPTER 46:
Sarcoidosis
CHAPTER 47:
Behçet's Disease
CHAPTER 48:
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
CHAPTER 49:
Posterior Scleritis
PART 5: INFECTIOUS DISORDERS
CHAPTER 50:
Toxoplasmosis
CHAPTER 51:
Toxocariasis
CHAPTER 52:
Ocular Tuberculosis
CHAPTER 53:
Ocular Cysticercosis
CHAPTER 54:
Cat-scratch Disease
CHAPTER 55:
Leptospirosis
Ocular Leptospirosis
CHAPTER 56:
Fungal Diseases
Ocular Candidiasis
Ocular Coccidioidomycosis
Ocular Cryptococcosis
Ocular Blastomycosis
Aspergillosis and Sporotrichosis
CHAPTER 57:
Retinal and Optic Nerve Involvement in Syphilis
CHAPTER 58:
Autoimmune Deficiency Disease
HIV Microvascular Disease
Cytomegalovirus Retinitis
Acute Retinal Necrosis
Progressive Outer Retinal Necrosis
Pneumocystis Carinii
Tuberculosis
Syphilis
PART 6: TRAUMATIC DISORDERS
CHAPTER 59:
Posterior Segment Trauma and Choroidal Folds
Posterior Segment Trauma
Choroidal Folds
CHAPTER 60:
Choroidal Rupture
CHAPTER 61:
Commotio Retinae
CHAPTER 62:
Valsalva Retinopathy
CHAPTER 63:
Purtscher's Retinopathy
CHAPTER 64:
Subhyaloid Hemorrhage, Traumatic Macular Hole and Electric Burn
Subhyaloid Hemorrhage
Traumatic Macular Hole
Electric Burn
CHAPTER 65:
Retained Intraocular Foreign Body
CHAPTER 66:
Traumatic Optic Pit Maculopathy
CHAPTER 67:
Optic Nerve Evulsion and Hemorrhagic Choroidal Detachment
Optic Nerve Evulsion
Hemorrhagic Choroidal Detachment
PART 7: HEREDITARY CHORIORETINAL DISORDERS
CHAPTER 68:
Retinitis Pigmentosa and Allied Disorders
Pigmented Paravenous Chorioretinal Atrophy
Retinitis Pigmentosa with Astrocytoma
Bardet-Biedl Syndrome
Leber's Congenital Amaurosis
CHAPTER 69:
Best's Disease
CHAPTER 70:
Congenital X-Linked Retinoschisis
Retinoschisis Classification System
CHAPTER 71:
Progressive Cone Dystrophy and Cone-Rod Dystrophy
Progressive Cone Dystrophy
Cone-Rod Dystrophy
CHAPTER 72:
Pattern Dystrophy of the Retinal Pigment Epithelium
CHAPTER 73:
Stargardt's Disease and Fundus Flavimaculatus
CHAPTER 74:
Congenital Stationary Night Blindness and Benign Fleck Retina Syndrome
Congenital Stationary Night Blindness
Benign Fleck Retina Syndrome
CHAPTER 75:
Central Areolar Choroidal Dystrophy and North Carolina Macular Dystrophy
Central Areolar Choroidal Dystrophy
North Carolina Macular Dystrophy
CHAPTER 76:
Choroideremia
Choroideremia
CHAPTER 77:
Gyrate Atrophy
CHAPTER 78:
Malattia Leventinese or Doyne Honeycomb Retinal Dystrophy
CHAPTER 79:
Bietti's Crystalline Dystrophy
CHAPTER 80:
Albinism
CHAPTER 81:
Drug-induced Retinal Toxicities
Chloroquine Toxicity
Hydroxychloroquine Toxicity
Desferrioxamine Toxicity
Thioridazine Toxicity
Aminoglycoside Toxicity
Retinal Lead Toxicity
PART 8: TUMORS
CHAPTER 82:
Choroidal Nevus
CHAPTER 83:
Choroidal Melanoma
CHAPTER 84:
Choroidal Metastasis
CHAPTER 85:
Choroidal Hemangioma
CHAPTER 86:
Choroidal Osteoma
CHAPTER 87:
Capillary Hemangioma
CHAPTER 88:
Cavernous Hemangioma and Racemose Hemangioma
Cavernous Hemangioma
Racemose Hemangioma
CHAPTER 89:
Vasoproliferative Tumors of the Retina
CHAPTER 90:
Congenital Hypertrophy of the Retinal Pigment Epithelium
CHAPTER 91:
Congenital Simple Hamartoma of the Retinal Pigment Epithelium and Congenital Albinotic Retinal Pigment Epithelium Nevi
CHAPTER 92:
Combined Hamartoma of the Retina and Retinal Pigment Epithelium
CHAPTER 93:
Astrocytic Hamartoma of the Retina
CHAPTER 94:
Retinoblastoma
CHAPTER 95:
Intraocular Medulloepithelioma
PART 9: OPTIC NERVE DISORDERS
CHAPTER 96:
Congenital Optic Disc Pit
CHAPTER 97:
Melanocytoma of the Optic Nerve
CHAPTER 98:
Optic Disc Drusen
PART 10: MISCELLANEOUS
CHAPTER 99:
Retinal Diseases in Pregnancy
CHAPTER 100:
Cancer Therapy-associated Retinopathy
Interferon Retinopathy
Retinal Complications of Chemotherapeutic Agents for Systemic Malignancies
Radiation Retinopathy
Effects of Bone Marrow Transplantation on the Retina
CHAPTER 101:
Myelinated Retinal Nerve Fibers
CHAPTER 102:
Synchisis Scintillans and Asteroid Hyalosis
Synchisis Scintillans
Asteroid Hyalosis
INDEX
TOC
Index
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