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Fracture Treatment
John Ebnezar
SECTION ONE: GENERAL PRINCIPLES
CHAPTER 1:
General Principles of Fractures
DEFINITIONS
Types of Fractures
Displacement of Fractures
Clinical Features
Symptoms
Signs
Investigations
Fracture Management
Management of Simple Fractures
Conservative Methods
Operative Management of Fractures
Absolute Indications
Relative Indications
Questionable Indications
Contraindications for Operative Management
Principles of Operative Management
Disadvantages of Operative Treatment
Complications of Fractures
Acute Complications
Chronic Complications
Complications Peculiar to Open Fractures
Miscellaneous
CHAPTER 2:
General Principles of Dislocation
DEFINITION
Types of Dislocations
Clinical Features
Typical Deformities in Dislocations
Common Traumatic Dislocations
Upper Limb
Lower Limb
Investigations
Treatment
Complications
SECTION TWO: INJURIES OF THE UPPER LIMB
CHAPTER 3:
Shoulder, Clavicle and Arm
POSTERIOR DISLOCATION OF THE SHOULDER JOINT
Salient Features
Clinical Features
Plain X-ray Shows the Following Defects:
Treatment Methods
Operative
Complications
Salient Features
Presentation
Investigations
Treatment
Surgery
Methods
Complications
Relevant Theory
Mechanism
Classification
Clinical Features
Radiology and Other Investigations
Management
Non-operative Treatment: Indications
Conservative Treatment
Operative Treatment
Complications
Salient Features
Clinical Features
Treatment
CHAPTER 4:
Elbow Injuries
A. GREENSTICK SUPRACONDYLAR—CONSERVATIVE CARE
Salient Features
Clinical Features
Investigations
Treatment Methods
Complications
B. DISPLACED SUPRACONDYLAR—OPERATIVE CARE
CHAPTER 5:
Forearm Bone Fractures
A. AT THE LEVEL OF JUNCTION OF MIDDLE AND LOWER THIRD
B. BOTH BONES MIDDLE THIRD
C. COMPLETE FRACTURE BOTH BONES LOWER THIRD
D. DISTAL FOREARM BOTH BONES FRACTURE
E. GREENSTICK BOTH BONES FOREARM FRACTURE (PINPOINT COMPOUND)
F. GREENSTICK FRACTURE BOTH BONES FOREARM (TAURUS FRACTURE)
G. GREENSTICK BOTH BONES IN AN OLDER CHILD (UPPER AND MIDDLE THIRD)
Salient Features
Clinical Features
Treatment
Surgery
Complications
A. RADIAL HEAD FRACTURE
Relevant Theory
Mechanism of Injury
Clinical Features
Treatment
Complications
B. GREENSTICK FRACTURE RADIUS (LOWER END)
C. LOWER RADIUS
A. NIGHT STICK FRACTURE
Salient Features
Clinical Features
Treatment
Conservative
Surgery
B. FRACTURE ULNA (LOWER END)
C. FRACTURE HEAD OF ULNA
CHAPTER 6:
Common Wrist Injuries and Swelling
A. VOLAR BARTON'S FRACTURES
a. CONSERATIVE CARE
b. OPERATIVE CARE
B. DORSAL BARTON'S FRACTURE
Salient Features
Clinical Features
Treatment
A. CONSERVATIVE CARE
B. PINS AND PLASTER
Relevant Theory
Mechanism of Injury
Clinical Features
Radiology
Treatment Methods
Complications
A. UNDISPLACED FRACTURE (COLLES CAST)
DISPLACED FRACTURE (PERCUTANEOUS FIXATION)
Salient Features
Clinical Features
Salient Features
Clinical Presentation
Treatment
CHAPTER 7:
Hand Injuries
A. BASE OF PROXIMAL PHALANX
B. COMPOUND PROXIMAL PHALANX FRACTURE
C. DISLOCATION OF PIP JOINT
D. FRACTURE MIDDLE OF THE PROXIMAL PHALANX FINGER STRAPPING
E. MIDDLE PHALANX—PINPOINT COMPOUND
F. IPSILATERAL FINGER FRACTURES OPERATIVE CARE
Salient Features
Clinical Features
Treatment Methods
Conservative Methods
Surgical Methods
Indications
Method
Complications
A. METACARPAL NECK FRACTURE
B. METACARPAL SHAFT FRACTURE (PIN POINT COMPOUND)
C. METACARPAL AND PHALANGEAL GREENSTICK FRACTURES (IPSILATERAL)
Highlights
Clinical Features
Treatment
A. UNDISPLACED FRACTURE
B. DISPLACED FRACTURE
C. AVULSION FRACTURE AND SESAMOID BONE FRACTURE OF THE THUMB
Salient Features
Clinical Features
Treatment
A. CONSERVATIVE
B. OPERATIVE
Salient Features
Management
A. CRUSH INJURY FINGER-PRIMARY REPAIR
B. CRUSH INJURY RING FINGERAUTOGRAFTING
C. FINGER REIMPLANTATION
SECTION THREE: INJURIES OF THE LOWER LIMB
CHAPTER 8:
Hip Injuries
A. AMP PROSTHESIS
Salient Features
Clinical Features of Intra-capsular Fracture Neck of Femur
Treatment
Operative Treatment
Salient Features
Clinical Features
Treatment
Complications
A. HIP SPICA APPLICATION (IN A CHILD)
Salient Features
Method of Application of Hip Spica
Instructions for After Care
B. DHS IN ADULTS (DYNAMIC HIP SCREWS)
Salient Features
Clinical Features
Treatment
Important Complications
POSTERIOR DISLOCATION OF THE HIP (NEEDS TO BE TREATED IN MAJOR OT)
Reduction by Classical Method of Watson Jones
Pull and Straighten the Affected Leg
Reduction by Traction and Counter Traction and Confirmation
Appearance after Successful Reduction
CHAPTER 9:
Thigh and Knee Injuries
TRAUMATIC SYNOVITIS
Injury to the Soft Tissues of the Knee
Causes
Types
Clinical Features in Synovitis
Treatment
During first 24 hours
After 48 hours
SOFT TISSUE INJURY KNEE
SOFT TISSUE INJURY RIGHT THIGH
FRACTURE SHAFT FEMUR
Salient Features
Clinical Features
Treatment
Surgical Treatment
Complications
CHAPTER 10:
Leg Injuries
SALIENT FEATURES
Clinical Features
TREATMENT
Conservative Methods
Indications
Methods
A. BOTH BONES LEG—CLOSED REDUCTION AND ABOVE KNEE CAST (PIN POINT COMPOUND)
B. FIBULA FRACTURE CYLINDRICAL CAST
C. TAURUS FRACTURE TIBIA
D. PROXIMAL TIBIA FRACTURE
E. UNDISPLACED TIBIA FRACTURE (ABOVE KNEE CAST)
SALIENT FEATURES
Indications for Surgery
Advantages of Surgery
A. IPSILATERAL TIBIAL SHAFT AND CONDYLE FRACTURE
B. TIBIAL SHAFT FRACTURE(INTERLOCKING NAILING)
C. LATERAL AND POSTERIOR MALLEOLAR FRACTURE
D. LATERAL TIBIA CONDYLE SURGERY (CUMMINUTED)
E. NONUNION TIBIA
F. PIN AND PLASTER FOR FRACTURE TIBIA
Indications
G. EPIPHYSEAL COMPOUND INJURY TIBIA
CHAPTER 11:
Ankle Injuries
A. ANKLE SPRAIN (BELOW KNEE SLAB)
Salient Features
Clinical Features
Grading of the Ankle Sprain
Treatment
B. UNDISPLACED MEDIAL MALLEOLAR FRACTURE
A. FRACTURE MEDIAL MALLEOLUS AND FRACTURE LOWER END OF FIBULA
Salient Features About
Clinical Features
Treatment
B. PYLON FRACTURE
CHAPTER 12:
Foot Injuries
A. CALCANEAL FRACTURES (EXTRA-ARTICULAR)
Salient Features
Clinical Features
Treatment
Complications
B. DISPLACED HEEL FRACTURE—CLOSED REDUCTION AND PLASTER
C. INTRA-ARTICULAR CALCANEAL FRACTURE—DISPLACED
A. JONES FRACTURE (BOOT PLASTER)
Salient Features
Clinical Features
Plain X-ray of the Foot
Treatment
B. METATARSAL FRACTURES(BELOW KNEE SLAB)
Salient Features
Clinical Features
X-ray of the Foot
Treatment Methods
Conservative Methods
Surgical Methods
Complications
C. METATARSAL FRACTURE (BOOT KNEE CAST)
D. MULTIPLE METATARSAL FRACTURES
A. BUDDY TAPING
B. TOE FRACTURE—K WIRE FIXATION
C. COMPOUND GREAT TOE INJURY
A. DEGLOVING INJURY FOOT
STAGE I THOROUGH DEBRIDEMENT
STAGE II-SURAL ARTERY FLAP
FOLLOW-UP
B. CHRONIC FOOT ULCER DEBRIDEMENT
INDEX
TOC
Index
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