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Orthodontic Removable Appliances
Sandhya Shyam Lohakare
CHAPTER 1:
History and Review of Literature
INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER 2:
Orthodontic Appliances
ORTHODONTIC APPLIANCES AND THEIR CLASSIFICATION
ORTHODONTIC APPLIANCES
Classification of Orthodontic Appliances
Classification of Removable Appliances
According to Graber and Neumann
According to TM Graber (1975)
According to Haupl and Roux (1983)
INDICATIONS
CONTRAINDICATIONS
ADVANTAGES OF REMOVABLE APPLIANCES
LIMITATIONS OF REMOVABLE APPLIANCES
REQUIREMENTS OF ORTHODONTIC APPLIANCES
Biologic
Mechanical
Aesthetic
Hygenic
CHAPTER 3:
Biomechanics
MOVEMENTS IN THE PLANE OF THE LONG AXIS
Tipping Movements (Fig. 3.1)
Bodily Movements (Figs 3.2, 3.3 and 3.4)
Intrusions
MOVEMENTS IN THE PLANE OF THE OCCLUSION OR CROSS SECTION
Rotation of Canine (Fig. 3.5)
Tissue Changes During Tooth Movements
AREAS OF COMPRESSION
AREAS OF TENSION (FIG. 3.6)
THE SUPRA ALVEOLAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE (FIG. 3.7)
RETENTION
FORCES USED IN PRODUCING TOOTH MOVEMENT
MATERIALS USED FOR REMOVABLE APPLIANCES
Stainless Steel Wire17
Advantage
Disadvantages
Acrylic Resin
Working Time
Curing Cycle
CHAPTER 4:
Components of Removable Appliances
WIRE BENDING TECHNIQUE
Importance
Approach to Wire Bending Problems
Principles and Methods of Wire Bending
REMOVABLE APPLIANCE COMPONENTS
Classification
Classification of Springs
DESIGN OF SPRING (FIG. 4.6)
PRINCIPLES OF SPRING DESIGN (FIGS 4.7A to C)
CHAPTER 5:
Active Appliances
SPRING FOR BUCCAL OR LABIAL MOVEMENTS
Cranked Palatal Spring (Fig. 5.1)
Retention
Anchorage
Advantage
Disadvantage
Z Spring (Fig. 5.2)
Advantage
Disadvantage
Activation
‘T’ Spring (Fig. 5.3)
Advantage
Disadvantage
Activation
‘W’ Spring (Fig. 5.4)
‘S’ Spring (Fig. 5.5)
Safety Pin Spring (Fig. 5.6)
Activation
Flapper Springs or Mouse Trap Springs (Fig. 5.7)
Activation
Friel Spring (Fig. 5.8)
Advantage
Coffin Spring (Fig. 5.9)
Design
Position of Spring
Retention
Functions of Spring
Advantage of Coffin Spring
Disadvantage
SPRING FOR LINGUAL MOVEMENTS
Single Incisor Spring (Fig. 5.10)
Indication
Design
Canine and Premolar Spring (Fig. 5.11)
Indication
Design
Molar Spring (Fig. 5.12)
Indication
Design
Soldered Auxillary Spring (Fig. 5.12)
Indication
Design
Advantage
Disadvantage
SPRINGS FOR MESIAL/DISTAL MOVEMENT
Palatal Springs (Fig. 5.13)
Indication
Design Principle
Placement
Activation
Advantages
Disadvantages
Stability of Appliance
DISTAL MOVEMENT OF CANINE (FIG. 5.14)
Canine Retractors
Standard Buccal Retraction Spring (Fig. 5.15A)
Components of Canine Refractor Springs
Activation
Modified Buccal Retraction Spring (Fig. 5.15B)
Reverse Loop Buccal Retractor
Design
Activation
Advantages
Disadvantages
Box Type Canine Retractor (Fig. 5.16)
Indication
Design
Activation
Stabilized Buccal Canine Retractor (Fig. 5.17)
Multiple Spring Appliance or Robert's Retractor (Fig. 5.18)
Procedure
Activation
Rix Sliding Retraction Spring Appliance (Fig. 5.19)
Design
Spiral Spring Canine Retractor (Leighton's Retractor)
Elastic Retractor (Fig. 5.21)
Distal Movement of First Permanent Molars (Fig. 5.22)
Active component
Retention
Anchorage
Baseplate
Distalization of Upper Buccal Segments (Fig. 5.23)
Active Component
Rotation of Screw
Retention
Anchorage
Base Plate
Distal Movement of Lower First Molars (Fig. 5.24)
Indication
Active Component
Retention
Anchorage
Base Plate
SPRING FOR REDUCTION OF OVERJET AND ALIGNMENT OF INCISORS
Principles of Wire Bending
Hawley Appliances (Fig. 5.25)
Construction of Labial Bow
Heavy Wire Labial Bow
Indication
Activation
Advantage
Disadvantage
Advantage
Disadvantage
Mill's Labial Bow (Fig. 5.28)
Activation
Split Labial Bow (Fig. 5.29)
Advantage
Adjustment
Disadvantage
Labial Bow with Reverse Loops (Fig. 5.30)
Disadvantage
Labial Bow with Finger Bent (Fig. 5.31)
Indication
Construction
Activation
Double Labial Bow (Fig. 5.32)
Indication
Double Labial Bow Combined with Screw (Fig. 5.33)
Indication
Labial Bow with Intrusion Claws (Fig. 5.34)
Indication
Design
Labial Bow for Open Bite Correction (Fig. 5.35)
Indication
Design
Activation
Two Labial Bows for Retracting Teeth in Two Phases (Fig. 5.36)
Indication
Robert's Retractor (Fig. 5.37)
Indication
Design
Activation
Advantage
Modified Long Labial Bow (Fig. 5.38)
Design
Activation
Labial Bow with Coil and Loops (Fig. 5.39)
Indication
Design
Robert's Canine (Retractor: Labial Bow) (Fig. 5.40)
Active Component
Retention and Anchorage: Clasps 6/6 (0.7mm)
Base Plate
Recaution
LIGHT WIRE LABIAL BOW
Apron Spring (Fig. 5.41)
Indications
Design
Activation
Self Straightening Wire (Fig. 5.42)
Indication
Design
Advantage
Disadvantages
Light Wire Spring for Individual Tooth (Fig. 5.43)
Indication
Design
SCREW APPLIANCE: FOR EXPANSION
Expansion Screw
Indications
Parts and Construction of the Screw (Fig. 5.44)
Screw Position
Clinical Management
Advantages of Screw
Disadvantages
Uses of Expansion Screw
Transverse Appliance
Sagittal Appliances
Component of Sagittal Appliance
Schwarz Appliances (Fig. 5.45)
Indication
Activation
Duration
Disadvantage
Modified Schwarz Appliance (Fig. 5.46)
Jackson Appliance (Fig. 5.47)
Indication
Activation
Adjustment
Nord Crossbite Appliance (Fig. 5.48)
Indication
Plate
Crozat Appliance (Fig. 5.49)
Philosophy of Crozat
Indication
Appliance Design
Adjustments
Activation
Removable Quadhelix Appliance (Fig. 5.50)
DESCRIPTION AND DESIGN
Clinical Management
Fitting
Direct Method
Indirect Method
Activation
Advantages of Removable Quadhelix
Clinical Applications
BITE CORRECTION APPLIANCES
Anterior Bite Plane (Fig. 5.51)
Indication
Contraindication
Advantage
Construction and Adjustment of Anterior Bite Plane
Bite Plane
Correction of Height
Horizontal Adjustment
Adjustment of Bite Plane During Treatment
Posterior Bite Plane (Fig. 5.52)
Indications
Clinical Applications
Correction and Adjustment of Posterior Bite Plane
Catlan's Appliances (Fig. 5.53)
SVED Bite Plane (Fig. 5.54)
Procedure
APPLIANCE FOR ROTATION CORRECTION
An Attachment to the Tooth (Fig. 5.55)
A Sectional Wire
Removable Appliance
Rotation Correction with Removable Appliance (Fig. 5.56)
Hooked Appliance (Fig. 5.57)
CHAPTER 6:
Passive Appliances
TYPES OF PASSIVE APPLIANCES
RETENTION AND RETENTION APPLIANCES
Removable Retainer
Hawley Retainer (Fig. 6.1)
Simple Hawley Retainer without Inclined Plane (Fig. 6.2)
Wraparound Appliance (Fig. 6.3)
Andersen Appliance (Fig. 6.4)
Oral Screen (Fig. 6.5)
Continuous Clear Retainer (Fig. 6.6)
Construction
Non-Acryic Removable Retainer (Fig. 6.7)
HABIT BREAKING APPLIANCE
Thumb Sucking (Fig. 6.8)
Tongue Thrust (Fig. 6.9)
Management
Bruxism
Removable Lip Bumper
Removable Cheek Bumper
Oral Screen
SPACE MAINTAINER
Function of Space Maintainer
Classification of Space Maintainer
REMOVABLE PARTIAL DENTURE
BASKET CLASP
SPACE REGAINER
Split Acrylic Dumbbell Spring
Sling-shot Elastic
Adjustment
Construction
Posterior Helical Spring
CHAPTER 7:
Retentive Component of Appliance
RETENTIVE COMPONENT OF APPLIANCE
CLASP OR RETAINER
Importance of Retention
BASE PLATE USED AS RETAINER
Types of Clasps
C Clasps of ¾ Clasp
Full Clasp or Jackson Clasp (VH Jackson 1906)
Arrowhead Clasp: AM Schwarz 1956 (Fig. 7.3)
Continuous Arrowhead Clasp (Fig. 7.4)
Adam's Clasp or Universal Clasp or Modified Arrowhead Clasp or Lever Pool Clasp
Construction of Clasp
Steps
Adjustment of Adam's Clasp
Advantages
Limitations
Modifications of Adam's Clasp
Traction Hooks
Buccal Tubes for Extraoral Traction
Accessory Arrowhead Clasp (Fig. 7.11)
Adam's Clasp with Single Arrowhead
Smart Clasp: A Modified Adam's Clasp
Construction
Advantage
Pot Hooks
Visick Spur (Fig. 7.15)
Dyzling Clasp (Fig. 7.16)
Crozat Clasp (Fig. 7.17)
Triangular Clasp (Fig. 7.18)
Arrow Pin Clasp
Eyelet Clasp (Fig. 7.20)
Molar Clasp (Fig. 7.21)
Visick Clasp (Fig. 7.22)
Construction
Advantage
Southend Clasp
Design and Construction
Advantages
Adjustment
Ball End Clasp
Advantage
CHAPTER 8:
Plate Construction and Finishing
INTRODUCTION
COLD CURE OF SELF CURING METHODS
CHAPTER 9:
Practical Management
INTRODUCTION
IMPRESSIONS AND DESIGN OF APPLIANCE
FITTING A REMOVABLE APPLIANCE
Comfort
Retention
Base Plate
Active Components
Anchorage
Measurement Taken During Subsequent Visits
INSTRUCTIONS
SUBSEQUENT VISITS
Preliminary
General Condition of the Mouth
GERMICIDE DEODORIZER FOR REMOVAL APPLIANCE
Summary
Bibliography
INDEX
TOC
Index
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