A
Ablative laser skin resurfacing 284
laser safety 288
laser treatment strategy 288
laser treatment technique 288
postoperative complications 290
postoperative wound care 290
preoperative evaluation 286
anesthesia 288
wound healing 286
principles of laser skin resurfacing 285
Acquired lacrimal obstructions 120
differential diagnosis 122
pathophysiology 120
prognosis 124
radiological evaluation 122
treatment 124
Apert syndrome 28
B
Bacterial infections 234
cavernous sinus thrombosis 238
investigations 238
signs and symptoms 238
treatment 239
orbital abscess 236
complications 238
investigation 238
signs and symptoms 236
treatment 238
orbital cellulitis 234
differential diagnosis 234
investigation 234
signs and symptoms 234
treatment 236
C
Carbuncle (eyelid abscess) 318
clinical features 318
differential diagnosis 318
prognosis 318
treatment 318
Coffin Lowry syndrome 28
Combined intraconal and extraconal pathology 188
orbital hemorrhage 188
computed tomography 188
differential diagnosis 188
magnetic resonance imaging 188
signs and symptoms 188
treatment 188
Concretions (Lithiasis) 322
clinical features 322
differential diagnosis 322
prognosis 322
treatment 322
Congenital eyelid abnormlities 32
ankyloblepharon 36
management 36
congenital ectropion 38
management 38
symptoms 38
coloboma 34
management 34
prognosis 36
symptoms and signs 34
congenital entropion 38
management 38
symptoms 38
congenital ptosis 44
classification 44
management 46
cryptophthalmos 32
investigation 32
management 34
prognosis 34
signs 32
epiblepharon 38
differential diagnosis 38
management 42
prognosis 42
symptoms 38
epicanthus 42
management 42
prognosis 44
signs 42
euryblepharon 42
differential diagnosis 42
management 42
telecanthus 44
differential diagnosis 44
management 44
prognosis 44
Congenital eyelids deformities 58
etiology 58
symptoms and signs 58
treatment 60
partial reconstruction 60
preoperative evaluation 60
Congenital lid retraction 20
differential diagnosis 20
investigation 22
management 22
signs and symptoms 20
Congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction 112
causes 112
complications and prognosis 116
differential diagnosis 114
frequency 112
investigations 114
pathophysiology 112
presentation 112
amniotocele 112
dacryocystitis 112
tearing 114
treatment 114
medical care 114
surgical care 114
Congenital tumors 150
angiomatous tumors 150
dermoid and epidermoid cyst 152
investigation 152
management 152
signs 152
naevi 150
management 150
naevus of ota 150
management 150
plexiform neurofibroma 152
management 154
portwine stain (naevus flammeus) 150
strawberry (capillary) hemangioma 150
management 152
prognosis 152
symptoms and signs 152
Crouzon syndrome and related syndrome 28
D
Deo lower fornix reconstruction 62
Diseases of the eyelids 134
blepharitis 138
clinical signs and symptoms 140
investigations 140
prognosis 142
treatment 140
Chalazion (meibomian cyst) 136
clinical signs and symptoms 136
differential diagnosis 138
investigations 138
prognosis 138
treatment 138
dermatitis 142
clinical signs and symptoms 142
investigations 142
prognosis 144
treatment 142
molluscum contagiosum 144
clinical signs and symptoms 144
investigation 144
prognosis 146
treatment 146
stye (hordeolum externum) 134
clinical signs and symptoms 134
differential diagnosis 134
investigations 134
prognosis 136
treatment 134
trichiasis 146
clinical signs and symptoms 146
differential diagnosis 146
investigation 146
prognosis 148
treatment 146
warts (verruca vulgaris) 144
clinical signs and symptoms 144
investigation 144
treatment 144
E
Ectropion 82
clinical signs and symptoms 84
examination 84
history 84
pathophysiology 82
prognosis 86
treatment 84
Ectropion of lower puncta 316
clinical features 316
differential diagnosis 316
prognosis 316
treatment 316
Extraconal lesions of the orbit 178
dermoid cyst 178
computed tomography orbit 178
differential diagnosis 178
signs and symptoms 178
treatment 178
ultrasound B scan 178
lymphoproliferative disease of the orbit 180
computed tomography 182
differential diagnosis 182
investigations 182
signs 180
treatment 182
sphenoid wing meningioma 180
computed tomography 180
differential diagnosis 180
investigations 180
signs and symptoms 180
treatment 180
Extraocular extension of intraocular tumor 202
computed tomography 202
investigations 202
signs and symptoms 202
treatment 202
Extraocular muscle 170
myositis 172
differential diagnosis 172
investigation 172
signs and symptoms 172
treatment 172
orbital cysticercosis 174
computed tomography 174
differential diagnosis 176
investigation 174
magnetic resonance imaging 174
signs and symptoms 174
treatment 176
ultrasound B scan 174
thyroid eye disease 170
computed tomography 170
differential diagnosis 170
investigations 170
signs and symptom 170
Eyelid retraction 96
differential diagnosis 98
etiology 96
grading 96
measuring of lower lid retraction 96
measuring of upper lid retraction 96
levator marginal myotomy 100
advantages 100
disadvantages 100
technique 100
levator recession and mullerectomy 100
anterior approach 100
posterior approach 100
management 98
medical 98
surgical 98
pathophysiology 96
upper eyelid retraction 96
lower eyelid retraction causes 96
I
Intraconal lesions of the orbit 194
neurogenic lesions of the orbit 196
computed tomography 196
differential diagnosis 198
investigation 196
MRI imaging 196
signs and symptoms 196
treatment 198
optic nerve glioma 198
CT scan imaging 198
investigation 200
MRI scan 198
signs and symptoms 198
treatment 200
vascular lesions of the orbit 194
computed tomography 194
differential diagnosis 194
magnetic resonance imaging 194
signs and symptoms 194
treatment 194
L
Lacrimal fossa tumors: pleomorphic adenoma 184
computed tomography 184
differential diagnosis 184
investigation 184
management 184
signs and symptoms 184
M
Management of dysfunction of meibomian glands with fugo blade 328
Management of multiple papilloma of the lid margin with fugo blade 156
O
Obital fractures 258
clinical signs and symptoms 268
inference 270
treatment 270
fracture of the orbital floor 258
clinical signs and symptoms 260
inference 262
investigation 260
treatment 262
fractures of the medial wall of the orbit 264
clinical signs and symptoms 266
inference 266
investigation 266
treatment 266
fractures of the orbital roof 266
clinical signs and symptoms 266
inference 268
investigation 268
treatment 268
naso-orbital-ethmoid fractures 268
zygomatic-orbital fractures 262
clinical signs and symptoms 262
inference 264
investigation 264
treatment 264
Optic neuritis 202
investigation 204
magnetic resonance imaging 204
management 204
signs and symptoms 202
Orbital bones 164
orbital fracture 166
computed tomography 166
differential diagnosis 168
investigation 168
signs and symptoms 166
treatment 168
ossifying fibroma 166
differential diagnosis 166
investigation and management 166
orbital imaging 166
signs and symptoms 166
osteoma 164
computed tomography 164
differential diagnosis 164
investigations 164
treatment 164
Orbital emphysema 272
clinical features 272
differential diagnosis 272
investigations 272
prognosis 272
treatment 272
Orbital fungal infections 244
orbital aspergillosis 246
differential diagnosis 246
investigation 246
signs and symptoms 246
treatment 247
orbital mucormycosis 244
investigations 244
signs and symptoms 244
treatment 245
P
Parasitic infections of the orbit 248
orbital cysticercosis 248
inference 250
investigation 248
management 250
signs and symptoms 248
orbital hydatid cyst 250
investigation 250
signs and symptoms 250
treatment 252
Plication of orbicularis oculi for ptosis 48
steps of operation 48
bandaging the eye 50
exposure of the orbicularis oculi muscle 48
managing the palpebral skin flap 50
plication of the orbicularis muscle 48
Prader Willi syndrome 26
Primary tumors of the orbit 208
basal cell carcinoma 212
clinical signs and symptoms 214
differential diagnosis 214
inference 216
investigation 214
treatment 214
Markel cell carcinoma 218
clinical signs and symptoms 220
differential diagnosis 220
inference 220
investigations 220
treatment 220
melanoma 216
clinical signs and symptoms 216
differential diagnosis 218
investigation 218
orbital lymphoma 208
clinical signs and symptoms 208
differential diagnosis 208
inference 210
investigation 208
prognosis 154
treatment 210
squamous cell carcinoma 210
clinical signs and symptoms 210
differential diagnosis 212
inference 212
investigation 210
treatment 212
S
Saethre-Chotzen syndrome 28
T
Trachoma 312
clinical features 312
signs 314
symptoms 312
differential diagnosis 315
etiology 312
grading of trachoma 314
prognosis 315
treatment 315
Transconjunctival blepharoplasty 276
operative technique 276
anesthesia 276
operative steps 278
preoperative marking 276
Treacher Collins syndrome 28
V
Vascular abnormalities 225
capillary hemangioma 226
investigations 226
management 226
prognosis 226
symptoms and signs 226
cavernous hemangioma 230
investigations 230
management 230
prognosis 230
symptoms and signs 230
lymphangioma 228
investigations 228
management 228
prognosis 228
symptoms and signs 228
orbital varices 230
investigations 230
management 230
prognosis 232
symptoms and signs 230