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Clinical Exodontics (Extraction of Teeth including Impactions)
Pramod Bansi Mathur, Sanjay Bansi Mathur, Manisha Mathur
CHAPTER ONE:
INTRODUCTION TO EXODONTIA/EXTRACTION OF TEETH
RECORDING OF BLOOD PRESSURE
Anesthesia
Premedication
INDICATIONS FOR EXTRACTION
Contraindications
Systemic Conditions
CLINIC AND EQUIPMENT REQUIRED FOR ORAL SURGERY/EXODONTIA
CHAPTER TWO:
ARMAMENTARIUM/INSTRUMENTS
FORCEPS
Elevators / Exolevers
SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS
College Pliers
STERILIZATION AND CARE OF INSTRUMENTS
CHAPTER THREE:
STERILIZATION OF INSTRUMENTS/EQUIPMENTS
STERILIZATION OF INSTRUMENTS/EQUIPMENT
STERILIZATION
AUTOCLAVING
Boiling Water Sterilization
Dry Heat Sterilization
Chemical Sterilization
Gas Sterilization
Chemical Vapor Sterilization
STERILIZATION ON BULK LEVEL
RADIATION SOURCES
GENERAL OBSERVATIONS REGARDING STERILIZATION
SUMMARY
CHAPTER FOUR:
OPERATION ROOM DECORUM
OPERATION ROOM DECORUM
SCRUBBING
ISOLATION OF THE PATIENT FROM THE OPERATING TEAM
CHAPTER FIVE:
ANTIBIOTICS
BACTERIA
SOME FACTS ABOUT ANTIBIOTIC THERAPY
Penicillin
Varieties
Advantages
Disadvantages
Mode of Action
Narrow Spectrum Antibiotic
Uses
Precautions
Side Effects
Penicillin-V
Dose
Action
Ampicillin (Extended spectrum group)
Indications
Dosages
Adult
Children
Infants
Contraindications
Precautions
Side Effects
Drug Interaction
ERYTHROMYCIN
CEPHALOSPORIN GROUP
CHLORAMPHENICOL
NYSTATIN
Use of Therapeutic Antibiotics
Choice of Antibiotic
Narrow Spectrum Antibiotics
Use Least Adverse Reaction Causing Drugs
Bactericidal and Bacteristatic Antibiotics
Methods of Administration
Monitoring Patient's Response
Indications and Contraindications of Antibiotic Therapy
Use of Prophylactic Antibiotic
Prevention of Wound Infection
Increased Rate of Infection due to Compromised Host Defense Mechanism
Infective Organism and Antibiotic Sensitivity
Timing of the Antibiotic Administration
The Dozes of Antibiotics during/after Surgery
Last Doze Immediately after Surgery
SUMMARY
SUMMARY
Prevention of Metastatic Infection
Transient Bacteremia
Septicemia
Subacute Bacterial Endocarditis (SBE)
First Set of Sequences (In the heart)
Second Set of Sequences (In the blood)
THIRD SET OF SEQUENCES (IN THE HEART)
SUMMARY
Viral Conditions (Hepatitis-B)
CHAPTER SIX:
ANALGESICS (PAIN KILLERS)
ANALGESICS AND ANTIPYRETICS
Salicylates
Action
Uses
Contraindications
Side Effects
Aminophenol Derivatives
Actions
Uses
Side Effects
Trigeminal Neuralgia; Carbamazepine
Dozes
NSAIDs (Nonsteroid anti-inflammatory drugs)
Effect
Lowest Risk
Intermediate Risk
Highest Risk
Warning
CHAPTER SEVEN:
GENERAL OUTLINES FOR EXODONTIA
ANESTHESIA
POSITION OF THE PATIENT IN THE CHAIR
PREPARATION AND DRAPING
POSITION OF THE HANDS OF THE OPERATOR
EXTRACTION BY FORCEP
AFTER EXTRACTION OF THE TOOTH
How Many Teeth can be Extracted in a Single Sitting?
Quadrant-wise, What should be the Order of Extraction?
CHAPTER EIGHT:
ANESTHESIA USED FOR EXODONTIA
FACTORS ON WHICH CHOICE OF ANESTHESIA DEPENDS
AGE AND PHYSICAL STATUS OF THE PATIENT
NATURE AND DURATION OF OPERATION
EMOTIONAL STATUS OF THE PATIENT
DRUG ALLERGY
CHAPTER NINE:
FORCEP EXTRACTION OF INDIVIDUAL TOOTH
UPPER/MAXILLARY CENTRAL INCISOR (11 AND 21)
Position of the Operator
The Forcep Used
Extraction Movements
THE RATIONALE/RESULT OF EXTRACTION MOVEMENTS
Extraction movements for extraction of maxillary permanent central incisor tooth. Left side of figures shows buccal side and right side shows the palatal side
UPPER/SUPERIOR/MAXILLARY LATERAL INCISOR (12 AND 22)
Anatomy
Position of the Operator and the Assistant
Movements of Extraction
UPPER/SUPERIOR/MAXILLARY CANINE; (13 AND 23)
Anatomy of the Tooth
Position of the Left Hand and Fingers of the Operator
Forcep Used
Movements of the Forcep
Extraction movements used for extraction of maxillary canine, left side is the buccal and the right side is palatal side
UPPER/SUPERIOR/MAXILLARY PREMOLARS
Anatomy of the Tooth
Position of the Operator
Forcep Used
Position of the Left Hand and Fingers
Extraction Movements
Extraction movements for maxillary premolar. Left side is the buccal, whereas right is the palatal
UPPER/SUPERIOR/MAXILLARY MOLARS
Position of the Operator and the Assistant
Position of the Operator's Left Hand and its Fingers
Forcep Used
Extraction Movements
Extraction movements for maxillary molars. Left side represents buccal side, whereas right side represents palatal side
LOWER INCISORS AND CANINES
Position of the Operator and the Assistant (For 31, 32, 33) (Figs 9.49 and 9.50)
Position of the Left Hand and Fingers of the Operator
Extraction Movements
Extraction movements to extract mandibular central incisor. Right side in the figure is buccal side and left side is the lingual
LOWER/MANDIBULAR PREMOLARS
Position of the Operator and the Assistant
Position of the Left Hand of the Operator (Using Mead Forcep)
Position of the Operator and the Assistant
Position of the Left Hand and Fingers of the Operator, for Right side Lower Premolars (44 and 45)
Using Mead Forcep
Using No. 151 Forcep
Movements of the Forcep
Extraction movements for extraction of lower/mandibular premolars. Left side of the figure represents buccal side, whereas right side represents lingual side of the tooth
LOWER/INFERIOR/OR MANDIBULAR MOLARS
Position of the Operator and the Assistant
Position for extraction of left lower quadrant molars, i.e. 36, 37, and 38.
Position for Extraction of the Right Side Quadrant Molars, i. e. 46, 47, and 48.
Position of the Operator's Left Hand and its Fingers for Extraction of 36, 37, and 38
Position of the Operator's Hand and its Fingers for the Extraction of 46, 47 and 48
Forceps to be Used for Extraction
Movements Given on the Forceps for Extraction
Extraction movements for lower/mandibular molars. The left side of the figure represents buccal side and right side represents lingual side
CHAPTER TEN:
THE SURGICAL FLAP
INDICATIONS FOR SURGICAL FLAP
Flap Designing Principles
Varieties of Flap
PROCEDURE
CHAPTER ELEVEN:
COMPLICATED EXODONTICS
ALVEOLOPLASTY
Varieties of Alveoloplasty
Simple Alveoloplasty
OPERATION
RADIAL ALVEOLOPLASTY
INTER-RADICULAR ALVEOLOPLASTY
CHAPTER TWELVE:
REMOVAL OF BROKEN/CHIPPED/RESIDUAL ROOTS OF THE TEETH
MAXILLARY ROOTS
MANDIBULAR ROOTS
OPEN REDUCTION PROCEDURE
RESIDUAL ROOTS
CHAPTER THIRTEEN:
PRINCIPLES OF ELEVATORS
USING OF STRAIGHT ELEVATOR
CHAPTER FOURTEEN:
IMPACTIONS
COVER OF ANTIBIOTICS
Premedication and Preparations
PREPARATION OF THE PATIENT AND THE OPERATOR
GENERAL CRITERIA
Technique of Ossisection / Bone Removal from Around the Impacted Tooth
Advantages
CRITERIA IN REMOVAL OF MANDIBULAR THIRD MOLARS
MANDIBULAR MESIO-ANGULAR IMPACTION
Option-1: Distal Crown Split Technique
Option-2: Two Halves Technique
Option-3: Three Piece Technique
MANDIBULAR VERTICAL IMPACTIONS
MANDIBULAR HORIZONTAL IMPACTION
FIVE PIECES SPLIT TECHNIQUE
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
MANDIBULAR DISTO-ANGULAR IMPACTION
Four Split / Piece Technique
Extraction of impacted mandibular left third molar (38), bucco-version, low level, actual operation done in the patients mouth
MAXILLARY MESIO-ANGULAR IMPACTION
MAXILLARY VERTICAL IMPACTION (FIG. 14.71)
MAXILLARY DISTO-ANGULAR IMPACTION
MAXILLARY CANINE IMPACTIONS
Palatal Canine Impaction/Position
LABIAL IMPACTED CANINE (FIGS 14.77 AND 14.78)
INTERMEDIATE CANINE IMPACTION (FIGS 14.79 TO 14.81)
IMPACTION OF SUPERNUMERARY TEETH
IMPACTED MANDIBULAR SUPERNUMERARY PREMOLARS
MOLAR SUPERNUMERARY TEETH
CHAPTER FIFTEEN:
REMOVAL OF DECIDUOUS TEETH
ANESTHESIA
Indications for General Anesthesia
CHAPTER SIXTEEN:
EMERGENCIES IN DENTAL CLINIC: SYNCOPE (FAINTING)
EMERGENCIES IN DENTAL CLINIC: SYNCOPE (FAINTING)
DELAYED REACTIONS
REMOVAL OF THE TEETH UNDER GENERAL ANESTHESIA
Which Patients Need Hospitalization for Exodontia
MANAGEMENT OF ACUTE INFECTED CASE
CHAPTER SEVENTEEN:
COMPLICATIONS OF EXODONTIA
POST EXTRACTION COMPLICATIONS
Hemorrhage
INFECTION
Dry Socket (Localized Osteitis)
Treatment
INDEX
TOC
Index
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